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PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU SHOT PEENING TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN PADA MATERIAL IMPLAN AISI 304
Get PDFAISI 304 stainless steel is a type of implant material with a relatively low cost. However, its mechanical properties need to be improved so it can compensate the AISI 316L and titanium alloy materials. Fatigue characteristic is also one of the important criteria that must be evaluated in order to achieve overall service performance when the material is under dynamic loads. The hardness surface and the nano-structures formation can delay the propagation of fatigue crack initiation and can reduce the corrosion rate. This study is conducted to determine the changes in microstructure and hardness of AISI 304 for shot peening process. The surface treatment by shot peening process is performed by setting the variation of the shooting time of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes at a shooting pressure of 7 bar using the Steel Shot diameter of 0.6 mm with a hardness of 40-50 HRC. The distance between the nozzle and the specimen surface is set at 100 mm. The microstructure is analyzed by optical microscope with a magnification of 100 times and photographed using optilab, which is connected to a computer. Surface hardness is tested using a Micro Vickers with indentation load of 10 grams for 10 seconds. The results show that refined microstructure layer is formed in the shot peening surface and the hardness is also increased gradually as well as shot peening time of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. This also increase the hardness number of 241, 404, 418, 437, 481 and 496 VHN. To sum up, the shot peening can be used to refine the grain and to increase the hardness.
Keywords: AISI 304, shot peening, microstructure, Vickers hardnes
RANCANG BANGUN ANTENA MIKROSTRIP SIERPINSKI GASKETARRAY PENGUAT MODEM GSM PADA KENDARAAN MOBIL PRIBADI
Get PDFThe modem is a device used to connect users to the Internet, GSM modem frequency allocation in Indonesia, 900-1800 Mhz. Disadvantages of GSM modem that is, less than the maximum speed internet access. To support the GSM modem performance authors will design and make microstrip antenna Sierpinski Gasket type who works at a frequency of 1.3 GHz. In the test antenna simulation results obtained return loss is 23.3823 dB, VSWR 1.1787 dB, gain 1.852 dBm. Tests using a VNA, get a return loss when the frequency of 1.093 GHz, return loss -10.68 dB, SWR 1.80 dB, and when the frequency of 1.543 GHz, return loss -15.38 dB, SWR 1.53 dB. At the time of the test in motion by using an antenna default GSM modem at a speed of 10 km/H uplink 32.66 Kbps and downlink 913.66 Kbps, at a speed of 20 Km/H uplink 56.76 Kbps and downlink 1.52 Mbps, a speed of 30 Km/H uplink 59.15 Kbps and downlink 1.69 Mbps. When using an antenna array is connected to a GSM modem, at a speed of 10 Km/H uplink 139.91 Kbps and downlink 4.36 Mbps, at a speed of 20 Km/H uplink 210.22 Kbps and downlink 7.26 Mbps, at a speed of 30 Km/H uplink 154.04 Kbps and downlink 5.11 Mbps.
Keywords: Mikrostip Antenna Sierpinski Gasket, GSM Mode
METODE STEREO VISION DENGAN KAMERA CMOSUNTUK PENGUKURAN JARAK
Get PDFExcess image sensor digital camera is not just a picture taker or produce video, can be also as a measurement tool. Through the method of image processing, can be processed input image or an object taken from the camera. Image processing can be thresholding, edge detection and template matching. Required sensing with two images obtained from the stereo camera simultaneously or stereo vision. The camera used has properties or specifications are identical. OpenCV was contribute to image processing, object interpretation and also the calibration process. Calibration function to search for intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera. Research uses a solid object in the form of balls of various sizes and colors. Epipolar and stereoscopic as the method to be used, because in previous studies, it is very suitable for processing images with color segmentation. As for digital image processing using the method thresholding. Research results obtained, that the object of pingpong ball motionless when lighting using sunlight has RMSE (root mean square error) of 2.64% while the value of a tennis ball RMSE is 2.53%. Research by lighting using indoor lighting, RMSE was 1.03% pingpong ball, tennis ball RMSE of 2.25%. While on the moving object, either RMSE pingpong ball or a tennis ball, its value is greater than when the motionless object. Measuring tool using a stereo camera capable of detecting targets up to a distance of 300 cm, but at a distance of 200 cm level of confidence does not the 95%. Lighting greatly affect the measurement results CMOS camera, because scalar target color easily changed.
Keyword: image processing, thresholding, OpenCV, epipolar, stereo cameras, stereoscopi
PENINGKATAN PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN SUMBU HORISONTAL BERSUDU AIR FOIL MELALUI PENAMBAHAN NOSEL DAN DIFUSER
Get PDFHorizontal axis wind turbine air foil blade is one of several types of wind turbines to convert the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy of the wind turbine. Mechanical energy wind turbine is then converted into electrical energy through a generator and also for irrigation and other functions. The mechanism of utilization of wind energy to generate electricity or irrigation function is a positive step because the kinetic energy of wind is the energy that is environmentally friendly, does not cause air pollution, on the other hand, wind energy freely available in nature. In this research, the process of converting the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy through a horizontal axis wind turbine air foil blade is still done on a laboratory scale. The purpose of this study was to determine the torque and power of horizontal axis wind turbines air foil blade. The method of implementation of this research is a horizontal axis wind turbine air foil blade in the test using a fan with three speeds varying found on the fan. The wind turbine is also tested using additional devices such as utilization of nozzle and diffuser to determine the performance of the turbine. The addition nozzle and diffuser is a method of increasing the efficiency of wind turbines because look at the function of the nozzle and diffuser itself. Dimensions of wind turbines in the study had a sweep of the area of 50 cm2 and the number of blades used 3 pieces or blades. The mechanism of this device test carried out in three stages, namely testing without using nozzle and diffuser, using a nozzle testing and testing using a diffuser. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the first speed, the greatest torque and power the of the wind turbine without nozzle and diffuser is 0.1017 Nm and 4,126 W; at a speed of 2, the greatest power and torque occurs in the turbine using a diffuser that is 0.1195 Nm and 6.88 W; at 3 speed, torque and power are greatest in the turbine using a diffuser that is 0.1166 Nm and 7,935 W.
Keywords: Wind turbine, Airfoil, Nozzle, Diffuser
PENGARUH WAKTU GESEK FRICTION WELDING TERHADAP KARAKTERISASI BAJA AISI 1045 DENGAN SUDUT CHAMFER 15 DERAJAT
Get PDFFriction welding is a technique by rubbing between two metal surfaces to produce a heat source, causing the union between the two metal surfaces without using filler metal. The purpose of this research is to improve the mechanical strength of metal welded joints 1045. The research method is done by rubbing between the two metal surfaces with the time variation of friction 25 seconds, 35 seconds, 45 seconds and 55 seconds. Friction time in 45 seconds able to get the highest tensile strength about 703,835 N/mm2 and get fracture in main metal. In other, at the time of friction 25 seconds reach its low tensile strength about 429,671 N/mm2 and occured a fracture in connection welds. Best hardness distribution obtained at the time of friction 55 seconds with a value of 270 BHN in hardness weld metal, the hardness value inleft part of HAZ reach 252 BHN and hardness value of right part of HAZ reach 247.6 BHN. Lowest hardness obtained at Friction time in 25 seconds with welding metal hardness of 250 BHN, hardness value in left side HAZ reach 240.3 BHN and the right sideof reach 236.6 BHN. Time friction affect to the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 1045. Smaller crystal structure will be block the movement of the dislocation, so that the mechanical properties of the metal are getting better, and conversely when crystal structuresare formed getting greater, the mechanical properties of the material will decreases.
Keywords: friction welding, friction time, tensile strength, hardness, metallography
PENGARUH MAGNESIUM TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN KETAHANAN AUS KOMPOSIT ALUMINIUM 6061/nano-Al2O3 DENGAN METODE STIR CASTING
Get PDFAluminum composite 6061/nano-Al2O3 is a material that utilizes aluminum 6061 as a matrix. Aluminum 6061 is aluminum alloys with magnesium. The mechanical properties of aluminum 6061 are lower than the steel. To increase the mechanical properties of aluminum 6061, nano-Al2O3 particle is added as reinforce. Problems encountered in the manufacture of these composites are the bond between the matrix and the reinforcement. Aluminum 6061 and nano-Al2O3 cannot form a bond each other so it is necessary to add a wetting agent to improve bonding between aluminum 6061 and nano-Al2O3. Wetting agent used in this study is magnesium with purity levels reached 99%. The magnesium is added by 1%, 3% and 5%. Stir casting process is used in this study in order to mix aluminum, alumina and magnesium evenly. Then hardness test and wear test are performed to determine the mechanical properties of the composite 6061/nano-Al2O3. The results show that the hardness is increased about 44 HRB with adding magnesium of 5%. The wearing resistance is also increased which is marked by the lower rate of the wear until reached 2.86 x 10-3 mm3/m.
Keywords: Komposit Al 6061/nano-Al2O3, Magnesium, Stir Casting, nano- Al2O3, Al 606
SIMULASI HORIZONTAL AXIS WATER TURBINE TIPE SAVONIUS PADA ALIRAN AIR DALAM PIPA MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI SOLID WORK
Get PDFThe potential energy available in the abundant water in Indonesia can be used as electrical energy resources such as pico hydro. Savonius turbines installed at picohydro power plant contained in the flow of water in the pipe. This study uses a turbine that has angle of attack of 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, the blade number of 2, 4, 6, 8, and blocking angle system of 20°, 30°, 40° and 50°. SolidWorks software is used to perform modeling and simulation in the Savonius turbine. Computational Fluid Design (CFD) is used to design analysis of the turbine. The obtained results are pressure distribution on the Savonius turbine blade, water flow and torque generated. The aims of this study are to obtain the best performance of the turbine design as pico hydro power plants (PLTPH). The results show that the blade number of 2 with the angle of attack about 80° and deflector angle of 50° have the highest torque about 1,766 Nm.
Keywords: Savonius turbine, variation, torque, simulation, SolidWorks fluid flo
PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI INHIBITOR EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH KAKAO TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI PIPA BAJA KARBON A53 PADA MEDIA AIR LAUT
Get PDFCorrosion is a chemical phenomenon that occurs in metal materials in a wide variety of environmental conditions. always good corrosion causing losses losses that are directly or indirectly impacted. one way of corrosion prevention is the addition of corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitor is a substance that is added to the medium to prevent or reduce the rate of corrosion of metals in the environment . In this study , the authors make use of a corrosion inhibitor cocoa peel extract from the rind of the results of maceration with the variation of the cocoa peel extract concentration was 0 ppm , 500 ppm , 1000 ppm , 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm in sea water media using specimens of carbon steel pipe A53,The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of cocoa peel extract against corrosion rate and efficiency of inhibitors that occur in the carbon steel pipe A53 and analysis form macroscopic and microscopic corrosion that occurs in the specimen by using a camera and test equipment microscope with 200x magnification. From the results of this study concluded that there are significant variations in the concentration of the tea leaf extract against corrosion rate of carbon steel pipe A53. At 2000 ppm concentration variation, occurred average value of the lowest rate of corrosion inhibitor that is 0,2384 mdd and highest efficiency 83.37 %
Fabrikasi Prototype Touchscreen Dengan Lapisan Nano Film Seng Oksida Menggunakan Metode Spin Coating
Get PDFTouchscreen is a computer input device that works with a touch on the display screen using a finger or a digital pen. Materials used for the manufacture of thin layers for prototype touchscreen that ZnO and SnO. In this study, focused on morphology and transparency in the prototype touchscreen.Variations used is spin coating, namely 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 rpm. Making the spin coating performed at Energy Conversion Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember while for morphological examination conducted in the laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy, University of Jember and for transparency testing conducted at the Laboratory of Bio Science Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the spin coating of the morphology of thin layers and determine the influence of spin coating a thin layer to transparency. The result is the morphology of the prototype touchscreen is the best there is in the round of 5000 rpm while transparency is best gained at 5000 rpm rotation with a wavelength of 450 nm with the result of 79.9% and the worst round of 1000 rpm with a wavelength of 450 nm with results of 19.8%, the higher the spin coating rotation on the morphological and transparency, the better. Keywords: ZnO, SnO, Morphological, dan Transparenc
STUDI PERBANDINGAN REGULATOR KONVENSIONALDUA RELAY DAN REGULATOR ELEKTRONIKBERBASIS MIKROKONTROLERAVR ATMEGA8
Get PDFAutomotive charging system provide vehicle’s electricity consumption and battery charging. Common regulator has unstable voltage output. This research is aimed to compare the performance of common and electronic regulator. Electronic regulator designed with an AVR ATMega8 microcontroller and 16 x 2 matrix LCD. The devices are tested in the charging system of Toyota Kijang 5K automotive engine by measuring alternator voltage output using voltmeter. The engine is running at 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm. The measurements are taken three times for 300 seconds with 30 second interval. The result shows that the average voltage output of electronic regulator increase faster at 0 until 30 second measurement period. The result also shows that electronic regulator has more stable voltage output which is 14,45 Volt. The overall comparison study shows that electronic regulator has better performance than common regulator