Journal of Biota
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Vigor Enhancement of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using Spirulina platensis as Seed Priming Agent
Get PDFSeed priming is a technique to enhance seed germination. Biopriming, a specific method, involves soaking seeds in biological agents such as Spirulina platensis, a microalga that can thrive in agricultural waste including Sugar Mill Effluent (SME). Spirulina sp. contains various beneficial growth hormones, making it a potential seed priming agent. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of tomato seed priming using Spirulina platensis grown on SME. The research was conducted from May to August 2024 at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Politeknik Negeri Jember. The research method used a factorial Completely Randomized Design which included Spirulina platensis biomass concentrations (0, 30, 45, and 60%) and soaking durations (1, 2, and 3 hours). Analysis of variance using the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a 5% level using GraphPad Prism version 5.01. The results showed that seed priming with S. platensis positively influenced several physiological parameters, including mean germination time, vigor index, seed growth rate, and shoot length. These findings demonstrated that SME-grown S. platensis cells capable of improving the physiological quality of tomato seeds, making it one of the environmentally friendly seed invigorating techniques
Formulated Pellet Feed from Cabbage Waste and Fish Meal for Local Catfish (Clarias batrachus)
Get PDFCabbage waste is household and market industry waste that contains significant nutrients, such as protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. This waste has the potential to be utilized as animal feed, for example, for local catfish (Clarias batrachus). This study aims to utilize cabbage waste as an alternative feed. The research was conducted from April to June 2024 using a quantitative experimental method and proximate analysis on the feed, with four treatments, three replications, and a positive control. The results showed that treatment 3, with a feed dosage of 12%, was the most effective in influencing all observed parameters. This treatment resulted in a length growth of 14.22 cm, weight growth of 20.59 g, and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.73, which was better than the other treatments. The proximate analysis results indicated that the feed in treatment 3 contained 32.14% protein, 5.24% fat, and 9.30% carbohydrates
Natural Dye as an Alternative to Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining on Histological Preparations
Get PDFHematoxylin-eosin is widely utilized in the field of animal microtechniques. However, the need to develop alternative dyes from natural sources such as plants has gained attention. Several studies have shown that many plants contain secondary metabolites with the potential to be developed as natural dyes. Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Syzygium cumini are promising candidates as alternative dyes for hematoxylin, while Lawsonia inermis and Hibiscus sabdariffa have shown potential as substitute dyes for eosin. These plants contain various secondary metabolites, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, chlorophyll, betalains, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones, and resins. L. cyanescens exhibits a strong binding affinity to cells and tissues, particularly testicular tissue. Dyes derived from Syzygium cumini have been shown to provide a good staining result for rat liver cells. In contrast, dyes from Lawsonia inermis can stain cytoplasmic components and muscle fibers. Additionally, the dye from Hibiscus sabdariffa is capable of staining various biological components, including sperm, nerve cells, and blood cells. The dye preparation process involved extraction from different plant organs, such as leaves, flowers, and fruit. These findings suggest that secondary metabolites from these four plants hold significant potential for development as natural dyes to replace hematoxylin-eosin in histological applications
Isolation and Electrochemical Evaluation of Electrogenic Bacteria from the Sediment of Two Waterlogged-Ecosystems
Get PDFElectrogenic microbes have been exploited in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) system for harvesting bioelectricity. Electrogens are widely distributed in various environments, but the exploration of this microbial group from ecosystems in Indonesia is still limited. This present study aimed to isolate the electrogenic bacteria from sediments of two waterlogged ecosystems (dam and paddy field) using serial dilution into extinction method prior to streak plate method on the solid thioglycollate media supplemented with Fe3+. Electrochemical evaluation was conducted in glucose-fed dual-chamber MFC by using Arduino UNO-based data logger for the accurate monitoring of electricity production in the term of open circuit voltage (OCV). A total of 54 electrogens were successfully isolated from these two ecosystems, ranging from weakness to strongest electrogens (OCV >800 mV) and ranging from microaerophilic, aerotolerant and facultative anaerobes, to obligate anaerobes. This result also suggested that sediment of waterlogged ecosystems rich in electron donor and solid acceptor electron compounds could potentially host electrogenic microbes. The exploration of electrogens from many other waterlogged ecosystems in Indonesia, both natural and anthropic ecosystems, could be conducted to collect genetic resources of novel electrogenic bacteria for the development of MFC technology in Indonesia
Studi Ekologi Makroinvertebrata di Area Kolam Konservasi Ex-situ Kura-Kura Siebenrockiella crassicollis di Universitas Bengkulu
Get PDFMakroinvertebrata merupakan organisme tidak bertulang belakang yang memiliki ukuran kasat mata, memiliki habitat di darat, dalam tanah, perairan meliputi air laut dan tawar. Kelompok makroinvertebrata di perairan bisa dijadikan bioindikator suatu perairan. Makroinvertebrata di perairan air tawar contohnya kelompok keong air tawar, serangga air, udang dan Clitellata seperti lintah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2023 sampai Januari 2024 menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan leaf litter bags, jaring seser, dan mengambil sedimen dasar perairan menggunakan ember. Pengukuran parameter lingkungan dilakukan meliputi pengukuran intensitas cahaya, suhu air, tingkat keasaman (pH), oksigen terlarut (DO), kedalaman lumpur, dan kedalaman air. Analisis data menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wiener, indeks Eveness dan indeks Simpson. Hasil identifikasi makroinvertebrata menunjukkan terdapat 16 spesies terdiri atas 13 famili dan 4 kelas. Indeks keanekaragaman makroinvertebrata di area kolam konservasi ex-situ kura-kura Siebenrockiella crassicollis Universitas Bengkulu secara umum tekanan ekologis berada pada kondisi tekanan rendah hingga sedang, dapat dilihat pada nilai H’ berkisar antara 0,981 sampai 1,577, indeks keseragaman berkisar antara 0,354 sampai 0,569 dan indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0,342 sampai 0,506. Kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominansi makroinvertebrata dipengaruhi oleh parameter fisika kimia dan kondisi lingkungan.
Catechin from Avocado Seed (Persea Americana Mill.) Potentially Targets Estrogen Receptor-Alpha: Computational-Based Analysis
Get PDFAvocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) are known to possess various pharmacological properties, including notable anticancer potential. While preliminary studies have reported the cytotoxic effects of avocado seed extracts on breast cancer cells, there is still a lack of comprehensive research exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects. This study explores bioactive compounds found in avocado seeds as potential agents targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a key biomarker in breast and cervical cancers. The investigation employs a range of computational approaches, including the Lipinski Rule of Five, ADME/Tox predictions, pharmacophore screening, and molecular docking analysis. Of the ten tested compounds, seven passed the Lipinski Rule of Five. ADME/Tox analysis revealed that most compounds exhibited adequate human intestinal absorption (HIA), poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, moderate Caco-2 permeability, and good plasma protein binding (PPB), while some were predicted to be mutagenic or carcinogenic. Pharmacophore modeling yielded an AUC of 0.87, with procyanidin B scoring 45.09 as a hit compound. Molecular docking revealed catechin, hyoscyamine, and atropine had the lowest Gibbs free energy (-5.15, -0.10, -0.07 kcal/mol). Among the compounds, catechin in avocado seed shows the highest potential for development as an ER-targeted anticancer agent
Interaksi Molekuler Senyawa Kuersetin dan Eugenol terhadap Protein Regulator Lintasan Penuaan SIR2, pada Khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Get PDFProses penuaan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti peningkatan cekaman oksidatif dan inflamasi di mana senyawa antioksidan seperti kuersetin dan eugenol dapat mengatasi hal tersebut. Kuersetin dan eugenol merupakan senyawa antioksidan yang dapat ditemukan di alam. Kuersetin dan eugenol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan pada sel khamir maupun sel mamalia. Namun, mekanisme kedua senyawa ini dalam meregulasi penuaan di level molekuler belum tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi senyawa kuersetin dan eugenol pada protein Sir2 pada Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang memiliki peran sebagai regulator sistem penuaan. Penelitian menggunakan studi penambatan molekular dengan senyawa kuersetin dan eugenol sebagai ligan uji, sedangkan reseptornya menggunakan Sir2 asal Saccharomyces cerevisiae dengan kode PDB, 2HJH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa kuersetin dan eugenol dapat berikatan secara molekuler dengan protein Sir2. Parameter afinitas ikatan (ΔG) dilihat dengan nilai negatif yang tinggi. Senyawa kuersetin memiliki afinitas ikatan (ΔG) sebesar -8.5 kkal/mol, sedangkan pada senyawa eugenol memiliki afinitas ikatan (ΔG) sebesar -6.5 kkal/mol. Selain itu, adanya ikatan kimia dan residu asam amino menunjukkan bahwa senyawa ligan uji memiliki potensi untuk bersaing dengan ligan alami. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menentukan efek ligan uji terhadap lintasan penuaan, in vivo
Assessment on the Antimicrobial Activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SU-KC1a against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC-7644
Get PDFLactobacillus species are particularly noteworthy due to their ability to synthesize a variety of antimicrobial substances, including organic acids and bacteriocins. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SU-KC1a, a member of the genus of Lactobacillus, had been previously isolated from human breast milk by our group. A preliminary in silico investigation had identified that Lpb. plantarum SU-KC1a possessed genes responsible for plantaricin, which is a type of bacteriocin produced by Lpb. plantarum strains. This study therefore aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of Lpb. plantarum SU-KC1a against pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes ATCC-7644 and to induce the biosynthesis of plantaricin by Lpb. plantarum SU-KC1a through co-culture with L. monocytogenes ATCC-7644 as the inducer strain. Our results showed that the cell-free supernatants from both co-culture and monoculture of Lpb. plantarum SU-KC1a exhibited a modest antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes ATCC-7644. However, it was further determined that the inhibitory effect was not due to the production of plantaricin. Instead, it was primary attributed to the production of organic acids, which decreased the pH and inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes ATCC-7644. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Lpb. plantarum SU-KC1a could exert a modest antibacterial activity towards L. monocytogenes ATCC-7644, but not through the induction of plantaricin
Sago Starch-Lipid Complex Formation under Varying Fatty Acid Concentrations for Emulsion Stability Improvement
Get PDFThe amount of fatty acids added is critical in creating starch-lipid complexes, which can affect their formation and properties. To use the complex to stabilize oil-in-water emulsion systems, this study intends to assess the effects of fatty acid concentrations on the effectiveness of starch-lipid complex formation and the properties of the resulting complexes. Ultrasonication was used to produce starch-lipid complexes from sago starch with different fatty acid contents (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20%) for the study. The results demonstrated that adding fatty acids up to 15% concentration significantly improved the water absorption capacity (WAC). In contrast, increasing the complexing index (CI), relative crystallinity (RC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), and contact angle of sago starch-lipid complexes. When the concentration of fatty acids was raised over 15%, the properties of the starch-lipid complex did not change considerably. A concentration of 15% with CI 67.07%, RC 37.94%, WAC 1.352 mL/g, OAC 1.370 mL/g, contact angle 70.82 °, emulsion capacity 36.72%, and emulsion stability 35.80% was shown to be the optimal amount of fatty acids for the production of sago starch-lipid complex. Emulsion stability and capacity can be maintained using a sago starch-lipid complex with an ideal fatty acid concentration of 15%
Keanekaragaman Biota Sungai Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Sungai di Wilayah Jatimalang Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Get PDFSungai memegang peranan penting dalam menopang kehidupan,namun, kesehatan ekologisnya semakin terancam oleh polusi, yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas air. Di Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Indonesia, sungai yang mengalir melalui Wilayah Jatimalang telah teridentifikasi tercemar secara signifikan, ditandai dengan air yang terus-menerus keruh. Kekeruhan ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh pembuangan limbah antropogenik dari masyarakat sekitar. Untuk menilai sejauh mana tingkat pencemaran ini, studi biomonitoring dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi keanekaragaman komunitas makroinvertebrata bentik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga stasiun pengambilan sampel, mengidentifikasi total 253 individu yang terdiri dari 12 spesies dari 11 famili. Indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H') yang dihitung untuk ketiga stasiun termasuk dalam kategori sedang (1<H′<3), dan Stasiun II menunjukkan keanekaragaman tertinggi, yaitu 1,526. Indeks dominansi (D) untuk semua stasiun secara konsisten rendah (0<D≤0,5). Analisis kelimpahan relatif mengungkapkan Sulcospira testudinaria sebagai spesies yang paling melimpah (24%), sedangkan Xylocopa pubescens, Pseudagrion microcephalum, dan Argiope aurantia adalah yang paling sedikit (0%). Temuan-temuan ini, khususnya keanekaragaman sedang dan dominansi rendah meskipun terdapat kekeruhan, membuktikan bahwa sungai di Wilayah Jatimalang mengalami gangguan ekologis yang signifikan dan tercemar