Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung
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ANALISA COST OF ILLNESS AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN NSAIDS DI SEBUAH APOTEK DI KOTA MEDAN, INDONESIA
Get PDFBackground: A drug therapy problem is any undesirable event experienced by a patient which involves, or is suspected to involve drug therapy and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy. Drug Therapy Problems (DTPs) can lead to ineffective pharmacotherapy and may cause drug-related morbidity and mortality.Objective: The study aimed to estimates the direct medical cost of illness caused by the drug morbidity or mortality related to NSAID utilization in a community pharmacy setting at Medan, Indonesia.Method: Thisstudy used 7 (seven) categories probabilities and costs associated with the therapeutic outcomes to estimate the direct medical cost of illness resulting from morbidity related NSAIDs utilization. Direct non medical costs, indirect costs, and intangible costs related to drug-related-morbidity and mortality were not valued in this cost-of-illness analysis.The duration of the study was from July 2009 to October 2010.Result: The patient that experienced NSAIDs-related morbidity estimated to spend Rp.467.848,- each and Rp.11.696.200,- in total to managing the morbidity. Every Rp.1,- spent on NSAIDs therapy, an additional Rp.1,45,- was estimated to spent in managing morbidity related NSAIDs utilization.Conclusion: This result showed the cost of illnessrelated morbidity of NSAIDs utilization exceeds the cost of the medications themselve
ANALISIS KINETIKA PELEPASAN TEOFILIN DARI GRANUL MATRIKS KITOSAN
Get PDFMoment the drug dosage form development, it is important to study the drug release or dissolution that is recognized as an element in drug development. Mathematical models could help optimize the design of drugs to produce models of drug release information. Analysis of quantitative values obtained when depicting dissolution drug release profiles more easily when the mathematical concepts used to describe the drug release kinetics model. Model release of drugs known include zero order, first order, Higuchi models, models Hixon Crowell and Peppas Korsmeyer models. The purpose of this review apply mathematical concepts to study the phenomenon of drug release theophylline granules matrix made from chitosa
HUBUNGAN KERJASAMA DAN IMBALAN DENGAN KINERJA PEMEGANG PROGRAM PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN
Get PDFVarious activities have been implemented in the prevention and control of disease in the city of Balikpapan, but based on the Health Profile 2012 field program is known that the achievement of disease control and environmental sanitation is still not maximal. This corresponds to an increase in cases of environment-linked diseases such as DBD, tuberculosis, diarrhea, ISPA and pneumonia each year. The quality of programperformance officer holder is a factor that affects the extent of success in achieving thehealth programs that have been established.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between co-operation, in return, infrastructure and support superior to the performance of holders of Disease Prevention program in the city of Balikpapan. This type of research is analytic surveywith cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all employees of the holder of health programs in 27 health centers with a total sampling Balikpapan 54 people. The method used is the analysis of univariate and bivariate.The results showed no significant relationship between co-operation with the performance of the holder of the eradication program (ρ value 0.002), and betweenrewards to the performance of the holder of the eradication program (ρ value 0.027).Suggestions to increase cooperation and support employers through training soft skillsand personality, as well as leadership training management organizations, as well as considering pemberiaan remuneration policy. Thus achieving the health program can be run according to plan
FAKTOR SOSIODEMOGRAFI DENGAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BAYI DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA SDKI 2007)
Get PDFIt is recommended for a mother to initiate to give early breastfeeding for a newborn as the first breast milk is known to be nutritious and contains antibody. The delay of breastfeeding shows that non breast milk-supplementary food is given. Based on BPS and Macro International data 65% of infants received pre-lacteal feeds besides breast milk in their three days of life.The known relationship between sociodemography and infants’ survival in Indonesia.This was an observational study with a cohort retrospective study design by using IDHS data year 2007. Samples were all infants (<12 months, breastfed after birth) from mothers aged 15-49 years old as many as 15.679 mothers. The independent variable was sociodemography and the dependent variable was infants’ survival. The analyses used univariable, bivariable, and survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier and Log regression. Bivariable analysis using survival Kaplan-Meier showed that there was significant relationship between mother age with Log Rank 15,89 and p<0,05, mother education with Log Rank 16,25 and p<0,05 , place of residence with Log Rank 18,84 and p<0,05, socioeconomic with Log Rank 38,71 and p<0,05, birth attendant with Log Rank 17,35 and p<0,05 and infants’ survival. Sociodemography was associated significant with an infant survival. Other factors affecting infant’s survival were birth attending with no professional and mother’s age <20 and ≥35 years old
PENETAPAN KADAR PROTEIN TEMPE JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DENGAN KOMBINASI KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merill) SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SINAR TAMPAK
Get PDFIndonesian is still very dependent of soybean imports, so as to reduce the use of soybean need to find substitute materials in the manufacture of soybean. Corn can be an option because apart from being a source of carbohydrates, corn is also an important source of protein in the menu society in Indonesia. The purpose of this study to determine the levels of soybean protein maize (Zea mays) with a combination of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) with visible of spectrophotometry. The research design uses a comparison of corn: soybean as follows: P1 = 80: 20; P2 = 70: 30; P3 = 50: 50; P4 = 30: 70 and P5 = 20: 80. The results of this study indicate that P1 has a protein content of 6.7%, P2 = 8.06% = 10.76% P3, P4 and P5 = 13.46% = 14.8%. The greater the concentration ratio of soy protein obtained even greater. In organoleptic quality in soybean corn combination has the texture a little hard to hard, has no smell until the typical aroma smelled soybean, flat white to brown of whit
No full textThe research has conducted research on the effectiveness of isopropyl myristat as a penetration enhancer on the diffusion rate of whitening cream mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L) in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of isopropyl myristat. Mulberry leaf extract cream made with varying concentrations respectively 3%, 4%, 5% Isopropyl myristat as penetration enhancers made into 3 formulas (F1-F4) with the F1 without penetration enhancers. Evaluation of stability before and after accelerated storage includes observation of the organoleptic, emulsion type determination, measurement of pH, and viscosity. The evaluation results indicate four physically stable formula. In vitro diffusion studies conducted by Franz diffusion cells and footage is measured at a wavelength of 367.4 nm. The results of diffusion studies show that formula with the highest diffusion rate of 0.024 µg/minute on F4 (5% isopropyl myristat)
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PASIEN HIPERTENSI LANSIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUNGAI CUKA KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT
Get PDFOne of communicable diseases become very serious health problem was hypertension. The purpose of hypertension therapy was to control blood pressure in range of normal blood pressure, it is needed the adherence for hypertension therapy. The family supportcould improved healthy status. Patient with family support feel that people care, so it could directed patient to improve their healthy lifestyle.The purpose of this study was to determine elderly family support, medication adherence in elderly hypertensive patients, and analyzedthe correlation between the family support with the adherence ension in elderly hypertension patients in Puskesmas Sungai Cuka Tanah Laut.This study was conducted with the cross sectional design in December 2014 until January 2015. Population was280the elderly patient in the region of primary public health Sungai Cuka and 164 of them were used for sample. Data was collected by completion questionnaires family support and Morisky Modification Adherence Scale (MMAS)questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by gamma test with 95% confidence level.Based on the results, that Elderly who have family support by category 23.8% lower category, middle category were 64%, high category were 11.6%, and 0.6% were very high category. The adherence degree of elderly hypertension patientwere 45,7% low adherence degree, moderate adherence degreewere 36%, and high adherence degree were 18.3%. There were a correlation between the family support andthe medication adherence in elderly hypertension patients at Puskesmas Sungai Cuka Tanah Laut. (γ =0.295)
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG TEMU GIRING (CURCUMA HEY NEANA VAL.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ESCHERICHIA COLI SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFInfection is a major problem that the world’s attention. Infectious diseases have caused the death of over 13 million people worldwide every year, particularly in the developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the species of bacteria that cause infections are Escherichia coli. Curcuma heyneana rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val.) is a plant that is often used as a traditional medicine to antibacterial. This study was intended to determine the antibacterial inhibition activity, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) from the usage of an ethanol extract in the curcuma heyneana rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val.) for the growth of an Escherchia coli by in vitro.Curcuma heyneana rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val.) was extracted using maseration method with solvent ethanol. Each extracts identified the active compounds group consisting of flavonoids, saponins, curcumin, volatile oil, and tannins. This study was an experimental laboratoric by using the diffusion method with discs blank with 10 treatment groups concentration which are 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,12%, 1,56%, 0,78%, positive control and negative control with three repetitions.The phytochemical screenings analysis showed curcuma heyneana rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val.) of ethanol extract containing flavonoids, saponins, curcumin, volatile oil, and tannins. Ethanol extract in the curcuma heyneana rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val.) had an effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of an Escherchia coli by in vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) from the usage of an ethanol extract in the curcuma heyneana rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val.) for the growth of an Escherchia coli by in vitro is 12,5% with average inhibition zone 9,77 mm. The results showed that the ethanol extract curcuma heyneana rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val.) had an effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of an Escherchia coli, it showed inhibition zone diameter due to higher concentrations of the resistance is increasing. Analysis of the test data with Kruskal-Wallis (sig) = 0,001 which is smaller than α < 0,05. It means that there are significant differences in the average diameter of an each concentration of ethanol extract of curcuma heyneana rhizome in
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN CHEMICAL PENETRATION ENHANCER PADA PENETRASI TRANSDERMAL PATCH PROMETAZIN HCL
Get PDFThis research aims is to create a promethazine HCl patch transdermal drug delivery systems with the most excellent penetration. Transdermal drug delivery can be efficiently used for the active agents which undergo rapid first pass metabolism and oral absorption is often disrupted by nausea and vomiting, hence the transdermal patches of promethazine HCl were prepared by using different penetration enhancers, propylene glycol, oleic acid and isopropyl alcohol. The prepared formulations were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, moisture content, drug content, morphology, and in vitro permeation studies. The patch morphology studies were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The amount of promethazine HCl transfered by propylene glycol 25.77 ± 3.0396 ug, isopropil alcohol 25.758 ± 2.9022 ug and oleic acid 25.017 ± 8.1300 ug. The penetration of promethazine HCl patch with oleic acid enhancer, produce the highest penetration than isopropil alcohol and propylene glycol. there was no difference in penetration using propylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol. Oleic acid is the best enhancer for preparations patch containing promethazine HCl although the amount of promethazine HCl contained is the least. The whole formulations comply with the patch dosage requirement
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KELURAHAN KAMPUNG BUGIS KOTA TANJUNGPINANG TAHUN 2014
Get PDFHealth problems greatly influenced by behavioral factors and environmental factors. One of the diseases based on an unhealthy environment is diarrhea. Environmental sanitation and personal hygiene are less healthy will facilitate contracting the disease agents that cause diarrhea. This study aims to identify factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in infants in Kampung Bugis Tanjungpinang 2014. Type of analytical research and observational methods Case control study design. Study subjects were sampled of 46, (23 cases and 23 controls). Sampling was conducted by consecutive sampling. Statsistik analysis using chi square test. The results showed 67.4% use clean water that meets the requirements; 58.7%, had the habit of washing hands; 67.4% of healthy latrine use and 65.2% who do hygiene sanitation food properly. Results of statistical test Chi-Square on bivariate analysis showed no relationship fresh water use (p = 0.000); handwashing (p = 0.000); healthy latrine (p = 0.011) and food sanitation hygiene (p = 0.005) and the incidence of diarrhea. From the above results, it is necessary to motivate the community outreach effort in the procurement and use of clean water that meets the requirements, good hand washing habits, and the use of latrines are eligible