KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia
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EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ZAT WARNA RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii)
Get PDFThis study was done for the following purposes: to found solution pH as an extract to result from an extract color substance with high concentration to found time of extraction which result extract with high concentration. Determination of the best eluent which can be used in the separation of pigmented compound from the extract, by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and determination of spectrum for each functional molecule. This study was done by a maceration-extraction method, determination of pH using phosphate buffer pH 5-6 and time of extraction during 1-4 hour, separation based on TLC and analysis FTIR spectrums. The result showed that ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottonii was contained the ficoeritrine compound. This extract has appeared brown yellow in acid solution and base solution with high absorbance at pH 9 and time extraction at 1 hour. Maximum absorbance from the extract was 330 nm and the best eluent in separation of this chemical by TLC preparation, it was mixture of Chloroform-Acetic Acid-Ethanol in composition of 30 : 15 : 2 (v/v/v), which indicating there were at least four compounds within the extract, two of these were coloring brown yellow and other two were colorless and it was free hydroxyl function and bind in hydrogen bound, also C=O function.Key words: Extraction, Eucheuma cottonii, buffer phospat, TLC
OPTIMALISASI EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT BUAH SUKUN (Artocarpus altilis)
Get PDFPenelitian telah dilakukan tentang optimalisasi ekstraksi pektin dari kulit buah sukun (Artocarpus altilis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi asam sitrat, suhu dan waktu terbaik dalam menghasilkan ekstraksi pektin dengan rendemen tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 3 faktor yaitu konsentrasi asam sitrat terdiri atas 5 taraf (1, 3, 5, 7, dan 9%) ; Suhu ekstraksi terdiri atas 5 taraf (60-65, 70-75, 80-85, 90-95, dan 100-105oC), dan Waktu ekstraksi terdiri atas 6 taraf (60, 90, 120, 150, 180, dan 210 menit) yang masing-masing dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan konsentrasi asam sitrat terbaik diperoleh pada 7% dengan rendemen pektin 32,28%, suhu terbaik diperoleh pada 90-95oC dengan rendemen pektin 39,585%, dan waktu terbaik diperoleh pada 180 menit dengan rendemen pektin 49,075%. Hasil karakteristik terhadap pektin adalah kadar metoksil 8,091%, kadar galakturonat 89,76%, dan berat molekul 73.673,997 g/mol.Kata kunci: Ekstraksi, pektin, kulit sukun, metoksil, galakturonat
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TANAMAN JOHAR (Cassia siamea Lamk.) DARI BEBERAPA TINGKAT KEPOLARAN PELARUT
Get PDFA research about antibacterial activity test of johar plant leaf extract (Cassia siamea Lamk.) using several levels of solvent polarity has been implemented. This study aims to determine whether the antibacterial compounds in the leaves is polar, non-polar or semi-polar, and to determine the highest inhibition level of johar leaf extract on both the gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus). The maceration method was used in this research with 3 levels of solvent polarity namely non-polar, semi-polar and polar. The bacterial activity test was done with diffusion method. The results showed that the johar leaf contains antibacterial compounds which are polar and semi-polar. The highest inhibition level was obtained at johar leaf ethanol extract for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteu and Shigella dysentriae of 14.9, 12.9, 12, and 7.2 mm, respectively.Keywords: Antibacterial, Inhibition Level, Johar Leaf Extrac
KARAKTERISASI ENZIM KITINASE DARI ISOLAT BAKTERI TERMOFILIK B1211 ASAL AIR PANAS BORA
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi enzim kitinase dari bakteri termofilik asal sumber air panas Bora. Isolat bakteri B1211 digunakan pada produksi enzim kitinase pada media MSM cair yang diperkaya dengan konsentrasi koloidal kitin 1% pada suhu inkubasi 60oC selama 3 hari. Aktivitas enzim kitinase dianalisis berdasarkan standar N-asetil-D-glukosamin untuk kondisi suhu dan pH optimum, pengaruh substrat, dan pengaruh ion logam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enzim kitinase memiliki suhu optimum, pH optimum, dan konsentrasi substrat terbaik, masing-masing 600C, pH 7, dan 2%. Kinetika enzim kitinase memiliki Vmaks dan Km, yaitu 0,72 U/mL dan 0,01 mg/mL. Ion logam Hg2+, Zn2+, Al3+, dan Cu2+ berfungsi sebagai activator, sedangkan ion Li3+, Ca2+, dan K+ cenderung sebagai inhibitor terhadap enzim kitinase.Kata kunci: bakteri termofilik, isolat B1211, kitinase, karakterisas
ADSORBSI ION Pb2+ MENGGUNAKAN ARANG AKTIF KULIT DURIAN DENGAN METODE KOLOM ADSORBSI
Get PDFResearch has conducted using of activated charcoal from durian skin as an adsorbent of ion Pb2+ on water. This study aims to determine the effect of high adsorbent activated charcoal of durian skin and influence of adsorbent elution time. The method used in this study is SSA. The research design is applied is an RAL, with an independent variable are high adsorbent and adsorbent elution time. In this research, the variation applied adsorbent is 13.5 cm high, 18 cm, 22.5 cm, and 27 cm and variations adsorbent of the elution time are first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth hour. The results showed that activated charcoal of durian’s skin 27 cm has a higher adsorption with the variation of high adsorbent with high levels of ion Pb is 80.019% and for variations in elution time adsorbent obtained the use of the first hour is more effective , Activated charcoal durian skin can be used as an adsorbent decreased levels of Pb ion in the water until the sixth hour.Keywords:  activated charcoal, adsorbent, durian skin, Pb2+
KAJIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA BOGENVIL (Bougenvillea spectabillis Willd) SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR ASAM BASA
Get PDFStudies of ethanol extract of bougainvillea flowers (Bougenvillea spectabillis Willd) as bioindicators of the acid-base has been done. The aims to determine the content of chemical compounds contained in extracts of bougainvillea flowers and bougainvillea flower extract pH stretch. Achievement of the objectives has done through the test of ethanol extract of bougainvillea identification of compounds and the determination of the acid-base stretch of pH indicator is. The obtained results showed that bogenvil ethanol extract containing flavonoids with 401 nm absorption and provided a color change in the acid and alkaline condition the color is yellow. The appropriate acid-base titration is used as bioindicators of a strong acid titration with a strong base, weak acid with a strong base and a weak base with a strong acid.Keywords: Flowers bougainvillea, indicators, bases acid titratio
STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANALISIS VITAMIN E MINYAK SAWIT MERAH TERSAPONIFIKASI ANTARA METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS DAN KCKT
Get PDFA research about a comparative study of spectrophotometry UV-Vis and HPLC method for the analysis of vitamin E in saponified red palm oil has been done. This research aims to compare the results of analysis using Spectrophotometer UV - Vis and HPLC to determine the concentration of vitamin E in red palm oil previously saponified and extracted. HPLC analysis was carried out using an RP-18 column and mobile phase composed a methanol and water ( 86:14 ), with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV detection at 290 nm. For the Spectrophotometric UV-Vis analysis, hexane was used as a solvent and the wavelength at 298,5 nm was selected for the detection. The results are the concentration of vitamin E using spectrophotometric and HPLC method was respectively 104.5 ppm and 127 ppm.Keyword: Vitamin E, Red Palm Oil, saponification, extraction, spectrophotometry Ultra Violet -Visible, High Performance Liquid Chromatograph
SINTESIS KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA (CMC) DARI SELULOSA KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus)
Get PDFThe investigation about of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of Durian peel (Durio zibethinus) cellulose has been done. The research aim is to determine the best ratio of sodium mono-chloroacetate toward cellulose and is to determine the reaction time in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose of durian peel in order to obtain the highest substitution degree. The applied of ratio variations and reaction time were 5:5, 6:5, 7:5, 8:5, 9:5 grams and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively. The result showed that the best ratio of sodium mono-chloroacetate toward cellulose was 7:5 gram with yields and the substitution degree of 39.39% and 1.17, respectively. The best time reaction was found at 4 hours with yields and the substitution degree of 39.77 % and 1.2, respectively. Keywords: Durian peel, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree
VARIASI WAKTU DAN CARA PENGOLAHANSEBELUM DIKONSUMSI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KANDUNGAN ASAM SIANIDA PADA VARIETAS REBUNG BAMBU AMPEL (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl.)
Get PDFRebung bambu ampel (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl.) memiliki kandungan nutrisi, namun di samping itu juga rebung mengandung unsur anti nutrisi yang membahayakan kesehatan yaitu kandungan hidrogen sianida (HCN) sehingga dibutuhkan cara pengolahan yang benar agar kandungan sianida dapat dikurangi bahkan dapat dihilangkan sebelum dikonsumsi. Pada penelitian ini rebung diolah dengan cara perendaman dan air mengalir yang dilanjutkan dengan variasi waktu perebusan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penurunan kadar sianida terendah yaitu pada perendaman dan perebusan selama 5 menit sebesar 68 ppm sedangkan penurunan kadar sianida yang paling besar terjadi pada kombinasi perlakuan rebung yang dicuci dengan air mengalir dan perebusan selama 120 menit sebesar 656,33 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa waktu perebusan mempengaruhi kadar sianida rebung, semakin lama waktu perebusan kadar sianida semakin menurun.Kata kunci : Sianida, Rebung, Bambu Ampel (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl.
SINTESIS O-KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN SUHU REAKSI SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI
Get PDFThe research about the influence of NaOH concentrations and reaction temperature to O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMC) synthesis and it is antibacterial application was done. This research intent on detect NaOH concentration and reaction temperature that resulting of O-CMC with highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees, and also to find out FTIR spectrum and antibacterial activity of O-CMC. The produce of O-CMC was done by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the variation of NaOH concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, and also reaction temperature of 20, 30, and 40oC. The result was showed that on the NaOH concentration of 60% (w/v) and temperature of 30oC was resulted highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees of 41.5%, 31 g/L, and 0.67, respectively. FTIR spectrum was showed that bending vibration of primary amine (-NH2) give two bands for O-CMC. The broadest inhibition area of O-CMC (1.43 cm) was showed on Salmonella sp.Keywords: chitosan, O-CMC, substitution degree, antibacteria