Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis
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PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI USAHATANI JAGUNG MELALUI PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (PTT) DI GORONTALO
Get PDFImplementation of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) on maize farming is expected to increase the productivity and efficiency. This study aims to: 1) analyze the productivity, technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of maize farming with uder ICM implementation program in lowland and highland agroecosystems; 2) identify factors that influence the technical inefficiency of maize farming with under ICM implementation program. The study was conducted in maize production center at Gorontalo regency. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling method is applied to survey 160 farmers in 2015. The production analysis function is estimated method using Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier; while. Allocative and economic efficiencies were analyzed using the input side approach with frontier dual cost function. The results showed that the productivity of ICM maize farming 61% higher than the non-ICM in the lowland and 31% higher in the highland. The level of technical efficiency, allocative and economical increased by 4% to 35% higher than the non-ICM in both agroecosystems. Factors causing technical inefficiency were educational level, frequency of extension, participation in farmer groups and credit access. Increasing the efficiency can be done through: increased access to inputs, capital, technology, market and institutional strengthening.Keywords: ICM, productivity, farm efficiency, maize, cobb-douglas stochasticABSTRAKPenerapan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) pada usaha tani jagung diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi usaha tani. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) menganalisis produktivitas, efisiensi teknis, efisiensi alokatif, dan efisiensi ekonomi usaha tani jagung dengan penerapan PTT pada dua agroekosistem berbeda yaitu lahan kering dataran rendah dan lahan kering dataran tinggi; dan 2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inefisiensi teknis usaha tani jagung dengan penerapan PTT. Penelitian dilakukan di sentra produksi jagung Provinsi Gorontalo, yaitu Kabupaten Gorontalo. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode stratified random sampling terhadap 160 petani pada tahun 2015. Metode analisis produksi menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier. Efisiensi alokatif dan ekonomis dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan dari sisi input dengan fungsi biaya dual frontier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas usaha tani jagung PTT 61% lebih tinggi dibanding non PTT pada dataran rendah dan lebih tinggi 31% pada dataran tinggi. Tingkat efisiensi teknis, alokatif dan ekonomis meningkat sebesar 4% sampai 35% lebih tinggi dibanding non PTT pada kedua agroekosistem. Faktor-faktor penyebab inefisiensi teknis yaitu pendidikan petani, frekuensi penyuluhan, keikutsertaan dalam kelompok tani dan akses kredit. Peningkatan efisiensi usaha tani dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan akses terhadap input, modal, teknologi, pasar dan penguatan kelembagaan.Kata kunci: PTT, produktivitas, efisiensi usaha tani, jagung, cobb-douglas stochasti
PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR DAN KELEMBAGAAN TERHADAP KINERJA EKSPOR AGREGAT DAN SEKTORAL INDONESIA
Get PDFExport performance of a country is influenced by many aspects, some of which include infrastructure and institutionalization. The major problem that is faced by Indonesia is the low quality of infrastructure and institutionalization; as a result, the trading cost is relatively high. If this is not dealt immediately, it will cause a decline in the Indonesian export performance. This research was aimed to analyze the influence of infrastructure and institutionalization as well as other related variables on the performance of aggregate export, agricultural materials, foods, and manufactures of Indonesia. The research used secondary data with time series between 2005 and 2013 and cross-section of the Indonesian export main target countries. The research used a gravity model with fixed-effect estimation methods. The results of the research showed that infrastructure and institutionalization as well as other related variables influenced the Indonesian export flows. Based on the findings mentioned above, in order to increase Indonesian export, it is important to improve the infrastructure and institutionalization performances that are related, firstly, to the capacity and quality of transportation infrastructure, especially roads and ports; secondly, to optimization of communication information technology, especially the use of e-marketing; thirdly, to increased quality of Indonesian governance, especially control of corruption, rule of law, regulatory quality and government effectiveness; and fourthly to acceleration of export duration and simplification of export permit document. Furthermore, Indonesia needs to review its import tariff policy that applies to export target countries and also review whether it is necessary to improve domestic support.Keywords: export, gravity model, infrastructure, institutionalizatio
PERBAIKAN KINERJA PENANGANAN KARGO IKAN TUNA; Di TERMINAL KARGO BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL SOEKARNO HATTA
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were 1) to identify the tuna cargo handling conducted in the export warehouse of PT. XYZ, 2) to determine the main variables that affect the performance of tuna cargo handling in the export warehouse of PT. XYZ, and 3) to determine what policies can be used to improve the performance of tuna cargo handling in the export warehouse of PT. XYZ. This research was conducted by using the descriptive methodology i.e. a discrete simulation model of the process of tuna cargo handling in the export warehouse of PT. XYZ by utilizing ARENA software. In the policy making of tuna cargo handling improvements, the Analytical Network Process, Benefit, Opportunity, Cost, and Risk (ANP BOCR) were also used. The simulation results point out that the existing conditions contribute to the delay level of tuna cargo delivery by 12% with the quality level of 22,934%. Delays in tuna cargo delivery have led to an increase in operational costs by 1,5%. ANP BOCR results highlight that opening a special lane for perishable cargo handling will improve the performance of tuna cargo handling in the export warehouse of PT. XYZ. Furthermore, the results of discrete model simulations on the improvement scenario of tuna cargo handling performance show that by opening a special lane for perishable cargo handling, it can ensure delivery schedule to be accurate indicated by the level of on time delivery reaching up to 100%, with an average quality rate of 86.013%. By speeding up the processing period (with an average of 81.519 minutes), the delay of cargo delivery up to 100% will be reduced; therefore, the quality of tuna is maintained in a good condition with the histamine level of 6,7 ppm.Keywords: ANP BOCR, tuna, ARENA simulation system model, air cargo performance, perishable carg
PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DI PERDESAAN
Get PDFAgribusiness and Rural Entrepreneurship Development Program (PUAP) is one of the poverty reduction programs in rural areas under the coordination of the National Program for Community Empowerment. PUAP program provides capital assistances for farmer group members i.e. land owning farmers, tenant farmers, farm laborers, and farm households coordinated by the Joint Farmers Group. The objective of this study was to formulate the best strategy to overcome poverty in rural areas. The analytical methods utilized in this were Double Difference and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) analyses. The results showed that PUAP program has a significant impact on an increase in rice production per hectare and in income of farmers in Jati village respectively reaching up to 641.14 kg and Rp 878.358 larger than those in Jamali village in which PUAP program was not applied. Thus, QSPM analysis was carried out by an elaboration of eight key strategies with internal and external strategic factors to achieve the best strategy. The calculation result of Total Attractiveness Scores (TAS) showed that the strategy to strengthen human resources and institutional farmers through a special education program for agribusiness management development for farmers is perceived to be the most efficient strategy.Keywords: poverty, rural, PUAP, TAS, QSPMABSTRAKProgram Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan (PUAP) merupakan salah satu program pengurangan kemiskinan di perdesaan di bawah koordinasi Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri sebagai program pemberdayaan masyarakat. Program PUAP memberikan bantuan modal usaha bagi petani anggota kelompok tani, baik petani pemilik, petani penggarap, buruh tani, maupun rumahtangga tani yang dikoordinasikan oleh Gabungan Kelompok Tani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan strategi terbaik penanggulangan kemiskinan di perdesaan. Metode analisis dalam pnelitian ini menggunakan analisis Double Difference dan analisis Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa program PUAP telah memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan produksi padi per hektar dan pendapatan petani di Desa Jati masing-masing sebesar 641,14 kg dan Rp878.358 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan produksi padi dan pendapatan petani di Desa Jamali yang tidak menerima Program PUAP. Hasil analisis QSPM, yaitu dengan mengelaborasikan delapan strategi kunci tersebut dengan faktor-faktor strategis internal dan eksternal untuk mendapatkan strategi yang terbaik. Hasil perhitungan Total Attractiveness Scores (TAS) menunjukkan bahwa strategi penguatan sumberdaya manusia dan kelembagaan petani melalui program pendidikan khusus pengembangan manajemen agribisnis bagi petani adalah strategi yang terbaik. Kata kunci: kemiskinan, perdesaan, PUAP, TAS, QSP
PENGARUH KINERJA BERBASIS PENCIPTAAN NILAI DAN VARIABEL MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM INDUSTRI PAKAN TERNAK
Get PDFThe creation of value-based performance measurement can be an alternative in measuring the company\u27s financial performance. Results can be used as indicators of assessments by investors, and these indicators can influence the stock returns. Besides, macroeconomic variables also affect stock returns. This study aimed to analyze the financial performance of companies in the process of creation of value-added with EVA, MVA, and Tobin\u27s Q approach. Impacts of these performance measurements and macroeconomic variables (exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation) on stock returns of the subsector animal feed industry were studied. Descriptive analysis was applied in analyzing the company\u27s financial performance. The impacts of the company financial performance and macroeconomic variables were assessed by using panel data regression analysis. The results related to the company\u27s performance showed that 1) EVA performance dominantly obtained a positive EVA value; 2) MVA performance predominantly produced a positive MVA value in 3 companies and a negative MVA value in the other company; 3) Tobin’s Q performance predominantly generated a value of Q>1 in 2 companies and a value of Q<1 in the other 2 companies. The results of the panel data regression analysis concluded the independent variables influencing the stock return were the performance variables while the macroeconomic variables had no effects on stock return.Keywords: macroeconomic variables, panel data regression, stock return, subsector of animal feed, value-based performanc
DAYA SAING UDANG SEGAR DAN UDANG BEKU INDONESIA DI NEGARA TUJUAN EKSPOR UTAMA
Get PDFFishery is one of the sub-sectors holding role in the national economy. Fresh and frozen shrimps are the superior fishery export commodities contributing to Indonesia as the shrimp exporting country. Nevertheless, the volume of shrimp exports in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to that of other exporting countries. This is due to low productivity of shrimp farming in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian fresh and frozen shrimps in the main export destination countries as well as to analyze the factors influencing the competitiveness in those countries. The data used in this study were series of timeline for 120 months, from January 2005 to December 2014. Thus, the analysis of the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimps was conducted by using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), while the analysis of the factors influencing competitiveness of Indonesia shrimps was performed by using the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results showed that the competitiveness of fresh shrimps of Indonesia in its export destination countries is still low compared that of frozen shrimps. One of the factors affecting the competitiveness of fresh shrimp exports from Indonesia to Malaysia in the short term is its total production. The competitiveness of Indonesia frozen shrimps in the United States is influenced by the level of competitiveness of the frozen shrimp exports to America on the previous period, export prices of Vietnamese frozen shrimps, and frozen shrimp production in Indonesia.Keywords: competitiveness, fresh shrimps, frozen shrimps, RC
RISIKO PRODUKSI AYAM BROILER DAN PREFERENSI PETERNAK DI KABUPATEN BEKASI
Get PDFBroiler farms are dealing with many risks, especially the risk of production due to the mortality. This study aimed to: 1) analyze the factors that affect the production of broiler chickens, 2) analyze the risks faced by broiler farmers, and 3) analyze the risk preferences of production. This study used two business patterns of broiler chicken farms, i.e. cooperation/partnership and independent. This study was conducted in Bekasi, a research area which was intentionally chosen in a consideration that the area hasg a positive population trend. There were 74 breeders involved in this study. The analysis was conducted by using Just Pope function model and utility maximization. The results suggest that the factors affecting broiler production include feeds and husks for the independent farmers. Feeds, vaccines and density are influential variables for production by the cooperative farmers. The variables that increase the production risks in the independent farmers include vaccines, labor, and husk, while the variable affecting the cooperative farmers is labor. The variable that can minimize risks for the independent farmers is feeds, while for the cooperative farmers, the variable is vaccine. The risk preference of the independent farmers on the overall input usage is the risk averse or a tendency to avoid risk. Broiler chicken farms require a counseling to improve their quality of human resources, accurate schedule of vaccine applications, and attention to husk condition in order to reduce risks.Keywords: production risk, preferences, just and pope, broiler farm
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING INDUSTRI FURNITURE ROTAN INDONESIA DI KAWASAN ASEAN DAN TIONGKOK
Get PDFCompetitiveness of a country’s export commodities is one of the indicators used to measure its economic progress. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian rattan furniture in China and the ASEAN region, along with the influencing factors and to conclude appropriate strategies to improve its competitiveness. The analysis was conducted by utilizing Diamond\u27s Porter, Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA), and panel data regression. The results showed that the competitiveness of Indonesian rattan furniture in the ASEAN region and China, in the period of 2001 to 2014, is fluctuated with small level of competitiveness. This notion can be seen from all of the positive NRCA index values. In the Fixed Effects Model (FEM), the independent variables that significantly influence NRCA include the export prices and volumes, global prices of rattan furniture and raw rattan, the number of rattan industries, production of real rattan, production value of rattan, investment of rattan industry, direct labor of rattan industry, interest rate of Bank loans, implementation of ACFTA and violation policy of raw and semi-finished rattan exports. To increase the competitiveness of Indonesian rattan furniture, the government is urged to establish a development or training center for the innovative designs and improvement of quality standard of Indonesian rattan furniture. This is also supported by a guarantee of rattan raw material availability and technological improvement of rattan processing industry. Thus, the third step to perform is the improvement of infrastructure and distribution chain, improvement of market information systems, and strengthening of brand image of rattan furniture in Indonesia.Keywords: competitiveness of rattan furniture, diamond\u27s porter, normalized revealed comparative advantage, fixed effect model ABSTRAKDaya saing komoditas ekspor negara merupakan salah satu indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemajuan ekonomi suatu negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing furniture rotan Indonesia di kawasan ASEAN Tiongkok serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya dan kemudian menyimpulkan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan daya saingnya. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Diamond’s Porter, Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) dan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing furniture rotan Indonesia di kawasan ASEAN dan Tiongkok dalam kurun waktu 2001 hingga 2014 berfluktuasi dan sebenarnya masih mempunyai daya saing meskipun kecil, hal ini dapat dilihat dari semua nilai indeks NRCA nilainya positif. Pada Fixed Effect Model (FEM), variabel independen yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap NRCA adalah harga ekspor, volume ekspor, harga furniture rotan dunia, harga rotan mentah dunia, jumlah perusahaan industri rotan di Indonesia, produksi rotan riil di Indonesia, nilai produksi rotan di Indonesia, investasi industri rotan di Indonesia, tenaga kerja langsung industri rotan, besarnya suku bunga pinjaman Bank, pemberlakuan ACFTA dan kebijakan pelarangan ekspor rotan mentah maupun setengah jadi. Untuk mampu meningkatkan daya saing furniture rotan Indonesia, pemerintah harus mendirikan pusat pengembangan atau pelatihan dan pengembangan desain yang inovatif maupun standart mutu furniture rotan Indonesia. Hal ini juga didukung dengan adanya jaminan ketersediaan bahan baku rotan dan peningkatan teknologi industri pengolahan rotan. Hal ketiga yang perlu dilakukan adalah perbaikan infrastruktur maupun rantai distribusi, perbaikan sistem informasi pasar rotan serta penguatan brand image furniture rotan Indonesia.Kata Kunci: daya saing furniture rotan, diamond’s porter, normalized revealed comparative advantage, fixed effect mode
PENDEKATAN BUDAYA KERJA UNTUK MENGURANGI KETIDAKSELARASAN ANTAR DIVISI PADA BATIK BOGOR TRADISIKU
Get PDFOrganization or company conformity is a degree of collaboration among the structure, strategy, and culture. Thus, culture is classified into the following four aspects i.e. family (clan), innovative creation (adhocracy), hierarchy, and the market. This study intended to validate whether the power relationship and leadership can become catalysts to accelerate the formation of organizational uniformity. Hence, this study also aimed to identify the organizational culture approach suitable to be applied in Bogor Batik Tradisiku in order to reduce the unconformity occurring among divisions, observe the cultural influence, relationship strength and leaderships toward conformity, and to explain them through the managerial implications. These causal relationships were analyzed by utilizing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach to perform the level-two confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that Bogor Batik Tradisiku is urged to implement the organizational culture approach of Adhocracy to replace the clan which was supported by an appropriate leadership style to accelerate the presence of company conformity.Keywords: conformity, company culture, power relationship, leadership, SEM, PLSABSTRAKKeselarasan organisasi atau perusahaan adalah derajat kolaborasi antara struktur, strategi, dan budaya. Selanjutnya, budaya akan dibagi ke dalam empat aspek, yaitu aspek kekeluargaan (clan), kreasi inovasi (Adhocracy), hierarki (hierarchy), dan pasar (market). Kemudian, penelitian ini akan membuktikan apakah kekuatan pertalian (Power Relationship) dan kepemimpinan (Leadership) dapat menjadi katalis yang mempercepat terbentuknya keselarasan organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari jenis pendekatan budaya kerja yang cocok untuk diterapkan di Batik Bogor Tradisiku untuk mengurangi terjadinya ketidakselarasan antar divisi, melihat pengaruh dari budaya, kekuatan pertalian, dan kepemimpinan terhadap keselarasan dan menjelaskan melalui implikasi manajerial. Hubungan sebab akibat ini dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan pendekatan Partial Least Squares (PLS) untuk confirmatory factor analysis tingkat dua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Batik Bogor Tradisiku perlu melakukan pendekatan budaya kerja Adhocracy untuk menggantikan clan, dan didukung dengan leadership style yang tepat akan mempercepat terciptanya keselarasan dalam perusahaan.Kata kunci: keselarasan, budaya perusahaan, kekuatan pertalian, kepemimpinan, SEM, PLS
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING TEMBAKAU BESUKI NA-OOGST BERBASIS PERBAIKAN KINERJA MUTU
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to formulate strategies for improving the competitiveness of the industry by recommendations for improvements in the quality performance of Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco of PT IBB. The secondary data were collected from the company archives and judgmental sampling was used to collect primary data from two experienced respondents. The analysis method used was descriptive analysis, Pareto diagrams, fishbone diagrams, and Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). The findings of this study showed that the factor of human resources was the main cause of the declining in BesNO tobacco quality performance in PT IBB. The strategy based on the priority to improve the quality performance is improving the quality of human resources, especially in the division of quality control and production through employee’s skill training. The managerial implications of the study suggested the company to be more focused and concerned with improving the quality of employee’s performance in order to improve the performance of the company\u27s quality and competitiveness of the products.Keywords: Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco, competitiveness, quality performanceABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi peningkatan daya saing industri berdasarkan rekomendasi perbaikan kinerja mutu tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst di PT Indonesia Bintang Baru (PT IBB). Pengumpulan data sekunder penelitian diperoleh dari arsip perusahaan dan judgemental sampling digunakan terhadap dua responden ahli untuk memperoleh data primer penelitian. Metode analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif, diagram pareto, diagram tulang ikan dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor sumberdaya manusia merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya penurunan kinerja mutu tembakau BesNO di PT IBB. Prioritas strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan adalah peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, dalam hal ini karyawan pada divisi quality control dan produksi melalui kegiatan pelatihan karyawan. Implikasi manajerial hasil penelitian merekomendasikan perusahaan agar lebih fokus dan memperhatikan peningkatan kinerja mutu karyawan untuk dapat meningkatkan kinerja mutu perusahaan dan daya saing produk.Kata kunci: tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst, daya saing, kinerja mut