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KADAR Na+, K+, Cl-, DAN KALSIUM TOTAL SERUM DARAH SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
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Hypertension is currently still a major problem in the world. In Indonesia, the number of hypertension tends to increase every year. One of the causes of hypertension is high salt consumption. This research was held to identify levels of Na+, K+, Cl- and total calcium in blood serum and to analyze the relationship among levels of Na+, K+, Cl- and total calcium with blood pressure. This study was conducted on March to May 2014 using a Crosssectional method. The result showed that Na+ level in hypertensive patient significantly higher compared in normotensive (p=0.000). K+ level in hypertensive patient significantly lower than normotensive (p=0.002). In addition, no significant between Cl- level (p=0.514) and total calcium level (p=0.417) in hypertensive patients and normotensive subject. There was a significant relationship between Na+ level with systolic blood pressure (rs=0.419) and diastolic blood pressure (rs= 0.455). There was a significant relationship between K+ level with systolic blood pressure (rs=-0.403) and diastolic (rs=-0.496). There was no significant relationship between Cl- level with systolic blood pressure (rs=0.071) and diastolic (rs=0.092). There was significant relationship between total calcium level with systolic blood pressure (rs=-0.393) and no significant with diastolic (rs=-0.306). In conclusion, there were significant differences in the level of Na+ and K+ in hypertensive patient and normotensive and a significant relationship among level of Na+ and K+ with blood pressure. There were no significant differences in the levels of Cl- and total calcium in hypertensive patient and normotensive and no significant relationship among levels of Cl- and total calcium with blood pressure.
Key Words: blood pressure, Cl-, hypertension, K+, Na+, total calciu
MULTIPLIKASI TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth) var. TAPAK TUAN SECARA IN VITRO
No full textABSTRACTTissue culture is a technique widely used for propagation and improvement of crop quality. One way of plant propagation can be done with in vitro techniques. The purpose of the study was to determine the combinations and concentrations of NAA and BAP are appropriate for plant propagation patchouli. Dependent variable is the time of initiation of callus and shoots, callus texture, color callus, shoot number, and the number of roots patchouli. Independent variable is the concentration of growth regulators NAA and BAP. The method in this study is the experimental method. Data were analyzed by two-way Anova test followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed the stem explants concentrations of NAA and BAP best to induce callus is without NAA and BAP (control), 0.1 ppm NAA without BAP, NAA + BAP 0.5 ppm 0, while the leaf explants is there a 0.1 ppm NAA without BAP, NAA 0.1 ppm BAP + 0.5 ppm, 0.5 ppm BAP without NAA and NAA + BAP 0:01 ppm 1 ppm. Highest number of shoots obtained at a concentration of 0 ppm NAA concentration and NAA and 0.01 for leaf explants at a concentration of 0:01 ppm NAA + BAP 1 ppm and 0 ppm NAA + BAP 0.5 ppm for stem explants. Highest number of roots was found in 0:01 ppm for NAA concentration and leaf explants at a concentration of 0.1 ppm NAA + BAP and NAA 00:01 0 ppm ppm + 0.5 ppm BAP stem explants. Results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences of NAA and BAP concentrations on plant propagation patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth).
Keywords: tissue culture, NAA, BAP, plant nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth
ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI DAN ENUMERASI BAKTERI Salmonella spp. PADA HASIL PERIKANAN SERTA RESISTENSINYA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK
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Salmonella spp. is one of the bacteria that can contaminate fresh fishery products. Diseases that can be caused by the bacteria Salmonella spp. called salmonellosis. Salmonellosis disease can be treated with antibiotics. However, the use of antibiotics continually raises the emergence strains of Salmonella bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. This study aims to determine the prevalence and number of bacteria Salmonella spp. on fishery products as well as the resistance of Salmonella spp. to antibiotics in Jakarta and Bogor. The number of samples fresh fishery products obtained by 45 samples consisting of: a) 25 samples derived from traditional markets, and b) 20 samples derived from modern market. Isolation performed with conventional method. Identification of Salmonella spp. used biochemical and serological test. Resistance of Salmonella to antibiotics testing using disc diffusion method. The results of the identification Salmonella spp. positive sample traditional market fresh fish as much as 9 samples (36%), whereas the modern market by 6 positive samples contaminated with Salmonella spp. (30%). The number of bacteria Salmonella spp. from traditional market is about: 3,0×100 – 1,1×103 APM/g; from modern market: 3,0×100 – 2,9×102 APM/g. Based on resistance testing of Salmonella spp. to antibiotics, this bacteria has the highest level of resistance to the antibiotic erythromycin types of 93.75%.
Keywords: Salmonella spp., fishery, enumeration, resistant, antibioti
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI AUKSIN TERHADAP INDUKSI PERAKARAN PADA TUNAS Dendrobium sp SECARA IN VITRO
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Dendrobium orchids are the most widely grown because it has the advantages of easy to maintain and most easily grown. Induction of rooting in bud of Dendrobium sp by giving the different types and concentrations of auxin is one of many ways to get plantlets in large quantities and relatively quick time. The purpose of this research is to obtain the types and concentrations of auxin is the best in inducing rooting in bud of Dendrobium sp. This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Jakarta on February to June 2013. The method used was description and experimental, the design of a factorial with two groups consisting of one control group and one experimental group for the provision of the types and concentrations of auxin on root induction in Dendrobium sp bud with each group consists three replications. Analysis of the data using three-way anova. Based on this research, Dendrobium sp bud induced by the different types and concentrations of auxin showed a distinct influence on the growth of bud in qualitative and quantitative characters. Qualitative data on root induction, shows that there is a root that grows one and two roots and shoots are green, white and brown. The results based on quantitative data showed that the bud of Dendrobium sp induced by auxin type 2,4-D and concentration of 0.75 ppm had an average number higher root length compared with the type of auxin IAA and NAA. Dendrobium sp bud are planted in the medium by the addition of auxin type of IAA and NAA at a concentration of 1.25 ppm has an average number of roots better than the auxin type 2,4-D.
Keywords: Dendrobium sp, Types and Concentrations of Auxin, Rooting Inductio
DETERMINASI PEMBERIAN MINYAK TRANS TERHADAP STRES OKSIDATIF PADA TIKUS GALUR WISTAR DENGAN MALONDIALDEHIDA PANKREAS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR
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Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are the entire unsaturated fatty acids containing one or more double bonds isolated in trans configuration believed as predisposing factor of oxidative stress, excluding conjugated double bond fatty acids. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation used as oxidative stress marker. The objective of this study was to see the correlation between TFAs containing-oil (consists of 3-6% TFAs) intake at various administration doses and pancreatic MDA levels in Wistar rats. Twelve rats were grouped according to administration doses (20%, 40%, 60% of given feed total energy and control group). TFAs containing-oil was administered orally once a day for 70 days at given doses by force feeding. Pancreatic MDA were measured using TBARS assay adapted from Singh et al. (2006). Increase of TFAs containing-oil administration dose caused insignificant increase of pancreatic MDA level.
Keywords: trans fatty acids, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, Wistar rats, palm oi
PERBANDINGAN KADAR KREATININ DAN ASAM URAT PADA SERUM DAN URIN PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DAN NORMOTENSI
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Hypertension is an increase of blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg. Hypertensionin along period of timecaninterfere withkidney function. Impaired kidney functioncan be caused byhigh levelsof uricacidin the bloodthatis directly associatedwithperipheralvascular resistanceandrenalvascular. Measurement ofrenal functioncan be measuredbycreatininetest, becauseconcentrations in serumandurineexcretionin24 hoursis relativelyconstant. The aim of this research was to measure and compare creatinine and uric acid on serum and urine in hypertensive and normotensive. The parameters were measured by Mindray BS-300 clinical chemistry analyzer. Ex Post Facto used as method and Cross- sectional used as design. A total of 36 blood and urine samples collected from Hypertensive (N1=18) and normotensive (N2=18) from February to March 2014. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the datas, t-test was used to compare value of creatinine urine and uric acid serum while U Mann-Whitney test was used to compare value of creatinine serum. The result of this research showed that the mean value of creatinine serum was 0.80 mg/dL in hypertensive and 0.86 mg/dL in normotensive (p=0.14). The mean value of creatinine urin was 87.28 mg/dL in hypertensive and 74.47 mg/dL in normotensive (p=0.35). The mean value of uric acid serum was 4.06 mg/dL in hypertensive and 4.5 mg/dL in normotensive (p=0.41). The resultsofthe urineuricacidwere foundnegativeofthe presence ofuricacid crystals.In conclusion, there was no different of creatinine and uric acid on serum and urine in hypertensive and normotensive.
Keywords: hypertension, normotensive, creatinine, uric aci
KEANEKARAGAMAN, DESKRIPSI DAN KUNCI DETERMINASI Artabotrys R. Br. (Annonaceae) PULAU JAWA DAN KEPULAUAN SUNDA KECIL
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A taxonomic study of the genus Artabotrys R. Br. (Annonaceae) in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands was conducted based on morphological characters. The objective of this study is to determine the diversity, describe and make determination key of Artabotrys which found in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. The method used in this study is descriptive. This study was conducted on May-June 2015 in the collection room wing B 2nd floor, type room, and Laboratory of Biosystematic Herbarium Bogoriense - Bidang Botani Puslit Biologi LIPI, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java. The result showed that there are three species of Artabotrys in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. Artabotrys species found in Java, namely A. hexapetalus, A. suaveolens and A. sumatranus, while the species of the Lesser Sunda Islands only A. hexapetalus. Phenetic analysis shows that the species of Artabotrys in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands are divided into two subgroups. Determination key and descriptions also provided to identify the species of Artabotrys in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. Artabotrys natural habitat is lowland forest but now lowland forests decreased. This can lead to biodiversity (including Artabotrys) to be reduced, so that conservation need to be done (conservation both on Artabotrys and lowland forest).
Keywords : Artabotrys, Annonaceae, diversity, determination key, Lesser Sunda Island
KADAR PEROKSIDA LIPID DAN AKTIVITAS SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE SERUM DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus rapidly increase in industry and developing country. Oxidative stress was estimated has role in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was aim to measure levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and also to analyse the relationship among both. This study was conducted on July-October 2014, using Ex Post Facto method and cross sectional design. The result showed that MDA serum levels significantly higher in diabetes mellitus patient compare to normal (P=0,000). Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetes mellitus serum has no significant difference with normal (P=0,290).There was possitive correlation between levels of MDA and activity of SOD in type 2 diabetes mellitus but not significant (P=0,478) with rs=0,199, thus also in normal subject (P=0,194) with rs=0,355. There was no significant different between two correlation coefficient (P=0,6781). In conclusion, there was significant different level of MDA, there was no significant different activity of SOD, there was positive correlation but not significant between levels of MDA and activity of SOD serum in type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal. And there was no significant different between two correlation coefficient.
Keywords: malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, type 2 diabetes mellitu
PERBANDINGAN PERILAKU HARIAN BURUNG BAYAN JANTAN (Eclectus roratus Müller, 1776) BERDASAKAN KEBERADAAN PEJANTAN PESAING DI TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN
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Eclectus is one of many birds in Indonesia. The condition at captive may vary to the bird’s natural habitat. The objective of this research was to find out the comparison of daily behavior between two males Eclectus parrot at Ragunan Zoological park. Each males has different condition. The first male has a competitior in its cage, and the second male hasn’t. This research conducted January 2015 until March 2015. The behavior were ingestive, movement, motionless, and sexual. The descriptive method was used in this study. The focal animal sampling was used as a technique for recording those behavior. U Mann Whitney statistical test (p< 0,05) showed there are significant differences in the frequency of motionless and sexual behavior between male with competitor and male with no competitor. However, there is no significant diffrences in ingestive and movement behavior (p< 0,05).
Keywords : Eclectus parrot, behavior, competitor, Raguna
KULTIVASI DAN EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI MIKROALGA Botryococcus braunii DAN Nannochloropsis sp.
Get PDFAbstractMicroalgae has high content of vegetable oil. The extraction of microalgae oil can be more efficient with the cell wall destruction, it was aimed to freeing oil that locked inside the cells and be soluble in organic solvent (n-hexane). The study aimed to determined the microalgae growth, the influence of different pH and different species of microalgae with extraction using microwave on oil production by Botryococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis sp. Experimental method with the randomized design was used in this study. The cultivation was performed until the stationery phase is reached so that the biomass can be harvested for oil extraction. The oil compound analysis is conducted using GC-FID. The data in this study has been tested by SPSS 16.0 with t-test and anova two ways. The statistic result showed that there is no differences in cell density of Botryococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis sp. (p= 0,163), likewise with there is no differences in amount of oil extract by Botryococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis sp. (p= 0,323). However, different results are pH treatment influencing oil extraction result (p= 0,006).Composition of fatty acid in Nannochloropsis sp. was dominated by saturated fatty acids, while the fatty acid composition of Botryococcus braunii was equal between saturated an unsaturated fatty acid.
Keywords: Botryococcus braunii, cultivation, extraction, growth, microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp., oil, pH