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Nesting selection of hawksbill turtles in Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia in response to sea surface temperatures
No full textHawksbill turtles are listed as a critically endangered species due to decreasing population caused by various factors, including climate change. Sea surface temperatures have significantly contributed to the hatchling success of hawksbill turtles as poikilothermic species; thus, selecting the proper location to nest is crucial for sea turtles. The purpose of this study was to observe the nest selection of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus, 1766) in response to sea surface temperature (SST) in SPTN II, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Indonesia. SST data were extracted from AQUA-MODIS satellite imagery, while the excess green index as a proxy of canopy cover was quantified using orthomosaics captured by the DJI Mavic Pro 3 at 100 m high. The results showed that SST in the study area fluctuated between 29.02°C and 31.5°C, with the highest temperature recorded in September 2024. There was no significant correlation between SST and sites selected by hawksbill turtles based on vegetation cover features. However, the correlation trend between SST and vegetation cover features indicated the plasticity of hawksbill turtles in selecting more shaded locations as SST increases. This finding highlighted the importance of vegetation cover to mitigate the detrimental effects of rising temperatures in hawksbill turtles' nesting habitats
Invertebrate diversity in the intertidal zone of Lombang beaches, Sumenep, Madura according to area utilization
Get PDFPantai Lombang had experienced many human-induced environmental pressure, presently from tourist activities, which may lower the coastal biotic biodiversity, an important aspect for the livelihood of local inhabitants. Some groups of animals may directly be influenced by the activities, especially some non motile marine invertebrates which are prone to recreational activities and/or tourist accidental picking. The purpose of this study is to find the group of invertebrates in the intertidal zone and describe the diversity of invertebrates in the intertidal zone in Lombang Beach, Sumenep Regency. The research method uses belt transect at three differing stations: the tourist area, fishpond area and a least utilized area. The result showed that the invertebrates in the least utilized area are higher in diversity and evenness index compared to two other areas. The least utilized area also inhabited with more species compared to two other area. This condition may relate to the higher DO in the area, compared to two other area. This result may be important in the management of biodiversity on utilized beaches area in Indonesia
Natural pest control diversity on Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae) managed in organic and conventional cultivation systems in Desa Tegal Sari, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, South Sumatera
Get PDFNatural controls, such as predators and parasitoids, play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of agricultural ecosystems through biological pest control mechanisms. On the rice agriculture systems, we propose to evaluate the diversity and abundance of natural controls in organic and conventional rice cultivation systems in Tegal Sari Village, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, South Sumatra. Observations were conducted using a systematic survey method employing various types of insect traps, with organism identification carried out to the level of type. This research is expected to contribute to both academic and practical domains. The results revealed the presence of 10 arthropod species from four orders, including Araneae, with dominant species such as Pardosa pseudoannulata, Tetragnatha extensa, Tetragnatha montana, Tetragnatha sp., Tigrosa annexa, and Zygiella are always higher on the organic rice agricultural system compared to the conventional system. The diversity analysis indicated that sweep nets were more effective in capturing natural controls compared to other traps, with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index value of 2.17, suggesting moderate diversity. These findings emphasize that organic farming supports biodiversity conservation and provides a scientific foundation for the development of pest management strategies
Comparing cityparks and cemeteries: Which habitat better supports urban bird communities?
Get PDFUrban birds represent the group of organisms adapted to environments characterized by close proximity to human activity. However, disturbances often displacing them to less disturbed habitats. In Jakarta, city parks and cemeteries serve as relatively low-activity green spaces that provide potential refugia for avian communities, thus hold conservation value. This study investigated bird and vegetation diversity in these two types of urban green open spaces (GOS) and examined their relationships the vegetation diversity. Surveys were conducted in four city parks and four cemeteries in circular plots. Results indicated that bird diversity in city parks was moderate, while tree and non-tree diversity ranged from low to moderate. In cemeteries, bird, tree, and non-tree diversity were consistently low to moderate. It is a positive correlation between tree diversity and bird diversity, and a negative correlation between non-tree diversity and bird diversity, though both relationships were not strong. It is also revealed that bird diversity in both city parks and cemeteries differ markedly. These findings highlight the ecological role of urban green spaces in supporting avian diversity and emphasize the importance of vegetation structure in shaping bird communities within highly urbanized landscapes
Identification and characterization of bacteria from feces and river in East Bekasi using biochemical test
Get PDFIdentification and characterization of bacteria are the two main detection in determining the species level of pathogenicity of a bacteria. This study aims to isolate bacteria from normal person faeces, liquid faeces, and some sourced from river water which is still used by local communities for bathing, swimming and fishing activities, the results of which are consumed. Water contaminated with microorganisms such as bacteria is most commonly caused by contamination from pollution, industrial waste, even animal and human faeces. The media used was selective differential Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) media. Colonies that grown were then characterized by testing their biochemical activity. The results of the biochemical tests were compared with Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. From seven samples for each location, Salmonella sp. was identified from J. Kh Abu Bakar river, and E. coli was identified from Bumi Palapa river. Both of these species were categorized as human pathogens. The rest of samples were contained the opportunistic bacteria, including Enterobacter sp. and Serratia sp. This study concluded that two from seven samples location were high risk for human health.This identification can help to determine the pathogens that cause various diseases with a large impact on society
Reproducibility of antibacterial effects of ethanol extracts from Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav., and Piper betle L. (Piperaceae), against common acne, Propionibacterium acnes (Gilchrist, 1900) Douglas & Gunter, 1946 (Propionibacteriaceae)
Get PDFRed and green betel leaf plants are useful as medicine but need to be tested for antibacterial ability to be used as raw materials for making anti-acne serum. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of red and green betel leaves on the sensitivity response of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This experimental study used samples of red and green betel leaves with procedures including sample preparation, maceration, qualitative phytochemical screening, and testing of antibacterial compounds in ethanol extracts of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% samples using the Kirby Baeur method. Positive control was clindamycin 30 µg antibiotic and negative control was sterile distilled water. The yield of thick extracts of red and green betel leaves was 13.5% and 15%. The administration of 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% thick extract of red betel leaves was able to inhibit Propionibacterium acnes with inhibition zone diameters of 16 mm, 18 mm, 18.5 mm, and 19 mm while green betel was 18 mm, 18 mm, 21 mm, 23 mm. The administration of thick extracts of red and green betel leaves is effective in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes and has the potential to be used as raw material for anti-acne serum formulations
Checklist of herpetofauna in wetland ecosystems, Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve, Indonesia
Get PDFUrbanization causes damage to the natural environment and threatens conservation areas such as Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve. Urbanization has a negative impact on species diversity, including an increase in alien species, especially herpetofauna in Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve which acts as an indicator of environmental health. This study aims to record the presence of herpetofauna using Visual Encounter Survey (VES) and Acoustic Encounter Survey (AES) methods that can show significant changes in species presence over the past six years. The results showed that, of the 28 species previously identified, only 18 species were found in the most recent study. The number or diversity of herpetofauna species recorded can be affected by anthropogenic factors, such as housing, roads, and urban temperatures. Trails unaffected by human disturbance showed higher species diversity than affected trails such as the boardwalk. Paths with relatively undisturbed natural habitats recorded the highest diversity, while other paths such as the Angke river and embankment paths decreased
Comparative analysis of pollen morphology at three flowering stages of Trimezia martinicensis (Jacq.) Herb. (Iridaceae), an invasive species in Indonesia
Get PDFPollen morphology provides critical insights into plant reproduction, taxonomy, and evolutionary relationships. This study investigates pollen development in Trimezia martinicensis (Iridaceae), an invasive alien species in Indonesia, across three flowering stages: closed bud, developed bud, and mature flower. Vegetative and floral traits were documented alongside stage-specific palynological analyses. Pollen grains were examined under light microscopy to assess changes in orientation, shape, aperture, and exine architecture. Results revealed distinct morphological transitions, including spheroidal grains with monocolpate apertures at early stages, progressing to more rounded forms with refined wall structures in mature flowers. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of pollen morphology during anthesis and underscore its relevance for reproductive biology, taxonomy, and management of IAS in Indonesia
Exploring butterfly diversity in urban landscapes: A case study from Depok, Indonesia
Get PDFDepok City is one of Jakarta's satellite cities with a high level of urbanisation that is reducing the living space for butterflies. Green open spaces (GOS) play an important ecological role and have the potential to become habitats for a diverse range of butterfly species in urban areas. The existence of GOS has the potential to provide food plants and environmental preferences that support the living space of butterflies. Research needs to be conducted to determine the potential of these GOS as habitats for butterfly diversity in urban areas. This study aims to determine the diversity, abundance, density, and evenness of butterfly species in Depok City's GOS. The study was conducted in five GOS in Depok City using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) sampling technique. We found Depok’s GOS showed moderate butterfly diversity and species evenness indices with an average density of 10.04 individuals/ha. GOS’s temperature and humidity does not determine the population variables; while light intensity and area sizes significantly related to abundance, Shannon-Wiener’s H’ and density of butterflies. Pielou’s E is not determined by any abiotic variables. Depok’s green spaces show strong promise as refugia supporting butterfly diversity in urban ecosystems
Anura diversity and distribution at the three anthropogenic habitat areas of the IPB Dramaga Campus, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFAnura, a group of amphibians widely distributed in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, has been understudied regarding its diversity and distribution patterns in urban terrestrial settings. This study aims to identify the species composition, diversity, evenness distribution patterns and environmental correlates of Anura across three differing disturbance level areas within the IPB Dramaga campus in Bogor. Data was collected using the Visual Encounter Survey method. The results indicate that Anura distribution across the three habitats tends to be clustered, comprising 199 individuals from six species and four families. Duttaphrynus melanostictus dominated habitats with high disturbance levels, highlighting its ecological significance as a tolerant species capable of surviving and dominating amphibian communities in disturbed areas. Conversely, the low-disturbance area exhibited the highest species diversity (H′ = 1.13) and evenness (E = 0.63) compared to the other two habitats, supported by an average soil pH of 5.09 and soil moisture of 59.8%. Environmental factors and human activities likely influenced differences in community structure. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining diverse microhabitats in urban areas to support the persistence of both disturbance-tolerant and sensitive amphibian species