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Molecular docking of Portulaca oleracea L. alkaloid compounds for potential antidiabetic activity through Cdk5 protein expression
Get PDFCyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which forms the p35 or p39 active complex that is expressed predominantly in neurons. Cdk5 plays an important role in physiological functions in non-neural cells such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells. This study aims to explore and determine the effectiveness of the chemical compound Oleracein E (OL-E) in the Portulaca oleracea (PO) as an anti- diabetic when expressed on Cdk5 protein. The test was carried out in silico with a computer- aided drug design method in which the molecular docking process used software such as Pyrx 0.8. The results of this study indicate that OL-E has the potential as an antidiabetic by inhibiting Cdk5 and has 27.65% better effectiveness than metformin in inhibiting Cdk5
Vegetation analysis in Cipayung City Forest, East Jakarta may reveal the difficulty of natural reproduction based on age pyramid
Get PDFUrban forest is an important urban feature with various services for human and non-human urban populations. We surveyed three age-size groupings in Cipayung City Forest in East Jakarta using nested quadrats. This urban forest harbours 7 species of sapling, pole and tree. As the highest number of species is in tree grouping, lower in pole, lowest in sapling; in the form of upside-down/constrictive age pyramid, plant species in Cipayung City Forest may need management plant replanting to maintain its biodiversity. The highest IV is Eucalyptus globulus, which may not be able to reproduce naturally in Cipayung. The highest IV in pole grouping is C. inophyllum with a very healthy population in every age-size grouping. The highest IV in sapling grouping is C. fruticosa, an ornamental species
The effect of Lemna perpusilla Torr. (Araceae) as fodder in the growth of Osphronemus goramy Lacépède, 1801
Get PDFProduction of gourami as consumption fish is rather lengthy, as it attains commercial size in 1—2 years, longer than other commercial fish. Therefore, fish production is hampered by higher fodder costs. It is a normal practice in gourami rearing, that farmers supplement commercial fodder with naturally available fodder, especially from material such as taro leaves. However, some materials may contain less nutrients, compared to others. It is why we propose the use of Lemna perpusilla, a widely distributed water aroid as gourami fodder supplement. We measured the growth of gourami fries, which are length (cm) and weight (g) and found that fishes with L. perpussila pellet attain higher length and weight compared to those using commercial pellet. This research may be beneficial for freshwater weed management as well as fish production with low capital, i.e. village production
Inventory and utilization of the family Rubiaceae in the forests of Desa Serdang, Barusjahe, Karo, North Sumatra
Get PDFRubiaceae is a common forest plant family in Indonesia, including in many community-managed village forests such as the Serdang Village Forest in Barusjahe, Karo, North Sumatra. A thorough inventory of rubiaceous species is needed to understand their composition and usage by local people. This study aims to list all Rubiaceae species, understand their morphological characteristics, and document their utilization in the village forest. The exploration identified 18 species of Rubiaceae from 12 different genera. Nine species are utilized by the local community: four species as traditional medicine, two species as ornamental plants, one species for firewood, and one species for house/garden posts and household tools. This research enhances the understanding of Rubiaceae species and their uses in the Desa Serdang village forest
In Silico Study of the potency of Drynaria rigidula (Sw.) Bedd. (Polypodiaceae) compounds in breast cancer therapy targeting AKT1 protein pathways
Get PDFBreast cancer is the second most prevalent cancer globally. One of the key pathways involved in breast cancer is the PI3K/Akt mechanism. A natural compound with potential that has not been extensively studied is Drynaria rigidula (Sw.) Bedd., a Polypodiaceous fern native to Indonesia and is commonly used in traditional medicine. This study aims to explore the potential of Drynaria rigidula as an anti-breast cancer agent. The method used in silico analysis by collecting data from several web servers such as SwissADME (https://www.swissadme.ch/) with the parameters Lipinski’s rule of five, Veber, Egan, and Way2Drug for biological activity. The protein used in this study is AKT1 (PDB ID: 6HHF), obtained from the RCSB database. Molecular docking analysis was conducted using PyRx software with visualization performed in Biovia Discovery Studio. The results showed that several compounds, such as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, fern-9(11) ene, Stigmasterol, dan Campesterol, had RMSD values < 3.0 Å and binding affinities of -9.4, -9.2, -7.6, and -7.6 respectively. These results were compared with the control ligand AZD5363 and doxorubicin, which had a binding affinity from each other are -8.3 and -7.4. Therefore, the docking results indicate that compounds from Drynaria rigidula are predicted to have potential as anti-cancer agents
The effect of natural noise and conspesific sound density on the prevalence of Leptophryne borbonica Tschudi, 1838 displaying visual signals
Get PDFThe main mode of communication in Anura is acoustic signals, but environmental noise can hinder effectiveness signal transmission and reception. The adaptation to noise is by visual signals. This study was conducted to determine the density, the type of visual signals detected, and whether there is an influence of environmental noise and conspecific density on the prevalence of Leptophryne borbonica population displaying visual signals. This study was conducted by descriptive method with purposive sampling technique. The data taken was in the form of the number of individuals with visual signals, the number of individuals vocalizing, and the noise of the surrounding environment. The data was processed using the Solomon Coder and analyzed by Poisson regression. 159 individual frogs were found in 40 plots during observations, with the density of individuals in each plot being 3-8 individuals with noise range of 45-74 dB. Noise significantly affected the display of visual signals in a population, while conspecific density did not affect the output of visual signals
Liver histopathology of baung fish, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840) and the level of Pb in Siak River, Pekanbaru, Riau, Sumatra
Get PDFThe high levels of Pb in the water will affect the structure of fish liver organs. This study aims to determine changes in the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the liver organ of baung fish (Hemibagrus nemurus), as well as Pb levels in Siak River. Fish and river water samples were taken from Lima Puluh and Rumbai Pesisir Subdistrict. Histological preparation using paraffin method and HE stain. Pb levels using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The macroscopic structure of the liver in Location 1 was yellowish red and Location 2 was brownish red. The average percentage of liver tissue damage in Location 1 was parenchymal degeneration (1.68%), hydropic degeneration (1.46%), fatty degeneration (30.77%), and necrosis (39.24%). Location 2 was parenchymal degeneration (1.20%), hydropic degeneration (1.35%), fatty degeneration (16%), and necrosis (21.70%). Fatty degeneration and necrosis damage are medium, and other damage is slight. The Pb level of Siak River in Pekanbaru City in 2024 was 0.113 mg/L (Location 1) and 0.072 mg/L (Location 2). Pb levels in Siak River have exceeded the standard limit of Pb in waters. High levels of Pb in the Siak River can damage the structure of fish liver tissue
Inventory of lianas and their phorophytes in Desa Serdang village forest, Barusjahe, Karo, North Sumatra
Get PDFAs Indonesia is known as a megabiodiversity country, and Sumatra is its second largest island, it is important to understand its ever-threatened plant biodiversity, including those managed locally as village forests. In Serdang Village Forest, Barusjahe, Karo, North Sumatra, we tried to list all the liana species and their phorophytes. We conducted a qualitative descriptive analysis of the lianas and their phorophytes in the study area and found There are 25 species of lianas from 14 families Mostly are leaners, followed by tendril climbers, root climbers, hook climbers, thorn climbers and twiners. They climbed on 8 species of phorophyte from 8 families, most commonly tall forest trees. This study enhances our understanding of the lianas and their phorophytes in the Serdang Village Forest, which can aid conservation efforts to preserve biodiversity
Leaf area and stomatal density of Rhizophora mucronata Poir. under high and low light environment of Nature Tourism Park Angke-Kapuk, Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFEach type of mangrove has specific stomatal characteristics, one of which is stomatal density. This stomatal density is directly proportional to the rate of evaporation, transpiration, and photosynthesis which is a form of mangrove adaptation to its environment. One of the external factors affecting stomatal density is light intensity which can vary due to canopy cover. This study aims to compare the stomatal density of Rhizophora mucronata Poir. in the Angke-Kapuk area, Jakarta, Indonesia. The location is a mangrove conservation area that has experienced a lot of environmental pressure, especially due to population growth and land conversion into settlements. Descriptive methods was used with transect sampling techniques at locations that represent very open and very closed canopies determined by purposive sampling. Stomatal sampling was carried out by applying a transparent nail polish on the lower surface of the leaf and then covering it with tape. The tape was observed using a microscope, and showed that Rhizophora mucronata Poir. has a low stomatal density. The results of the parametric independent sample t-test showed that the stomatal density of Rhizophora mucronata was not significantly different between very open and very closed canopy cover
The analysis of natural forage of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) on the east coast of Pangandaran, West Java
Get PDFContinuous use of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) without any control can cause population decline which leads to damage to the stability of the marine ecosystem, especially in East Coast Pangandaran, therefore cultivation is needed. In aquaculture, it is necessary to provide the right feed by knowing its natural diet. This study aimed to determine the natural diet of blue swimming crabs. The method used was descriptive analysis. The parameters observed were carapace width, gastric weight, the composition of natural diet. The relationship between the carapace width and gastric weight was analyzed by simple regression while the main type of natural diet was known by calculating the percentage of food composition. The relationship between carapace width and gastric weight was positive. Based on the composition found in crab gastric, there were 5 types of natural foods consisting of crustaceans (28.35%), meat (25.37%), mollusk (18.65%), fish (15.67%), and undefined material (UM) (4.47%). It is revealed that crabs are carnivores and scavengers, pose significant relationship between their size and gut content weight. It was also found that the composition of female crab feed was generally higher than that of males