Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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The Antifungal Effect of Kesum Leaf (Polygonum minus Huds) in Ethanol Extract on Microsporum gypseum
Get PDFIntroduction: Dermatophytosis or tinea is a disease found in the keratinized tissues caused by dermatophytes. The prolonged use of antifungal drugs has adverse effects on humans. Kesum leaves (Polygonum minus Huds) contains the secondary metabolite properties which can act as anti-fungi. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of kesum leaves in inhibiting the Microsporum gypseum.Methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed using a test tube method and thin layer chromatography. The antifungal activity test used a disc diffusion method with the extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%. Kesum leaves macerated using ethanol 96% solvent. Itraconazole 8µl/disk and DMSO4 were respectively used as positive and negative control. Results: Phytochemical analysis on the ethanol extract of kesum leaves showed the secondary metabolite groups of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins. Ethanol extract of kesum leaves did not form an inhibitory zone on the growth of Microsporum gypseum. Meanwhile in the positive control, in the form of itraconazole 8 µl/disk, the inhibition zone was formed around the disc with a mean value of 37.5 mm.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of kesum leaves (Polygonum minus Huds) has no antifungal activity against the growth of Microsporum gypseum
Case Reports of Left Atrial Myxoma in Elderly and Children
Get PDFIntroduction: Cardiac myxoma is a rare heart disease. Cardiac myxoma can manifest in both intracardiac and extracardiac. This report describes the importance of a careful history taking, physical examination, echocardiography, and complete surgical resection for the management of atrial myxoma in two patients.Case Reports: We reported two cases: a 64 years old female and a 16 years old male with neurological deficit as the chief complaint. The two patients underwent brain imaging and echocardiography evaluation. Both were diagnosed with left atrial myxoma and brain infarction. Surgical resection of the left atrial myxoma was successfully done in both patients and afterward, both were being monitored in the outpatient clinic. During follow up, a gradual clinical improvement can be seen in the right extremities. Echocardiography examination was conducted at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months follow-ups for both patients and no abnormalities were found. Discussion: Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. Systemic embolization in atrial myxoma is uncommon manifest as neurological deficit with reported incidence around 20-35%. On the other hand, in stroke or transient ischemic attack patients, atrial myxoma were found in 1 out of 250 young adults and 1 out of 750 older patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has up to 95% sensitivity on diagnosing atrial myxoma. The long-term prognosis of the patients when diagnosed and managed correctly is very good and surgery is curative with recurrence rate 1-3%. The patients in our case reports showed gradual clinical improvement with no sign of myxoma recurrence during follow up.Conclusion: Stroke is one of the extracardiac manifestations of atrial myxoma. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate the presence of atrial myxoma in stroke patients. The use of TTE is important in diagnosing atrial myxoma. Resection of atrial myxomas is curative with excellent long-term prognosis and low chance of recurrences
Evaluation of Module Based Medical Ethics Training Among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in National Capital Region, India.
Get PDFIntroduction: The medical education world-wide is adapting competency based learning; it is high-time that the medical syllabus is inculcated with integrated-medical ethics training. An educational training program with a pre- and post-test method of analysis has better student outcome with respect to retention, thinking and understanding. Objective: To assess the understanding and application of medical ethics in students after structured module based training.Methods: One hundred and fifty students of 1st professional Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) were provided a 10 hours’ duration module based teaching of basic principles and core concepts of medical ethics in patient care. The assessment was conducted using a pre and post analysis questionnaire having 15 multiple choice questions with one correct response. Data were analysed using paired student’s t-test for comparing pre- and post-test scores. P < 0.05 was considered as significantResults: Total post-test correct responses were highly significant than pre-test responses. Gender wise, both males and females- post-test response significantly improved (p<0.001), indicating that there is improvement in understanding the principles and key concepts of medical ethics provided during the training. Upon completion of the training, most students strongly agreed that the training has inspired them towards the moral code of conduct, attitude and behavioural change and it provided necessary information on medical ethics.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the structured medical ethics training module yielded a significant enhancement of not only the knowledge and understanding level of the students but also in their perception, attitude and behavioural interest about the importance of ethical medical practice in the future patient care
Propolis Extracted Using CMCE Decreases TNF–α and C-Reactive Protein level of CCl4- Induced Liver Damage in Rats
Get PDFIntroduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic substance inducing inflammation in liver cells. Inflammation is marked by increase in proinflammatory cytokines level such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) produced by hepatocytes. Propolis extracted using continuous multi-stage countercurrent Extraction (CMCE propolis extract) contains active balsamic, caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE), and flavonoids capable of affecting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: to investigate the effect of CMCE propolis extract on TNF-α and CRP levels in CCl4-induced liver damage.Methods: In this study using a post test only control group design, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The control group (C-G) was given CCl4 0.4 ml/200 g on day 14. The P3-G, P7-G, P14-G groups were treated with 3.6 mg/200 g, 7.2 mg/200 g, 14.4 mg/200 g CMCE propolis extract for 14 days and given CCl4 0.4 ml/g on day 14. The TNF-α and CRP levels were assessed using the ELISA kit one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test (LSD) were applied for the statistical analysis. Results: TNF-α level in P14-G group (3.26 ± 0.93), P7-G (6.17+0.78), and P3-G (10.4±1.34) were significantly lower than that of C-G (17.29+1.56) (p<0.05). CRP levels in P14-G group (0.61±0.09), P7-G (1.38+0.48), and P3-G (12.01±0.65) were significantly lower than those of C-G (2.95+0.668) (p<0.05). The greatest reduction in TNF-α & CRP level was found in the group given propolis at a dose of 14.4 mg/200 g.Conclusion: The administration of CMCE propolis extract reduces TNF-α & CRP levels in CCl4-induced liver damage
The Effect of Antlion (Myrmeleon sp.) Extract Towards Histopathology Image of Pancreas in Diabetic Mice
Get PDFIntroduction: Some studies indicated that antlions (Myrmeleon sp.) is traditionally used by many people in Indonesia as a diabetes treatmenter. However. reseach has not been done to find the effect of antlion extract in pancreas, an important organ in diabetes mellitus pathophysiology. Objective: To prove the effect of antlion extract towards histopathological feature of pancreas in diabetic mice.Methods: In the post test only control group design, 25 Swiss mice were divided into five groups. Normal group (Nor-G), Negative control group (Neg-G), and the other 3 groups were intraperitoneally injected with Streptozotocine 200 mg/kg to induce diabetic state. In Neg-G had no antlion treatment, whereas in At-14, At-28, and At-56 were treated with antlion extract at the dose of 14, 28, and 56 mg/kg BW respectively for 24 days. Pancreas then collected and prepared to be examined under microscope with 400x magnification. The score of pancreatic islet injury was determined by assessing structural damage and inflammatory cells infiltration. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were adopted as statistical analysis.Results: Mann-Whitney analysis indicated that the score of pancreatic islets injury in At-56 was significant lower compared to that of Neg-G, p0.05.Conclusion: Antlion extract treatment at the dose of 56 mg/kg BW was capable of reducing pancreatic islet injury in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocine
Correlation of Total Body Fat and Physical Fitness Index in Medical Students of Universitas Islam Indonesia
No full textThe World Health Organization suggests that total body fat is one of the main risk factors for metabolic syndrome which is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The excessive fat mass harms the function of the heart, lowers the oxygen uptake by working muscles. Excess of body fat may decrease physical fitness. This research aims to know the correlation of total body fat with physical fitness index in medical students of Universitas Islam Indonesia. This research used a cross-sectional study design. The research subjects consisted of 45 male medical students of Universitas Islam of Indonesia under 25 years old. Total body fat of its subject is measured by Bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Karada scan), while physical fitness index is measured by the Harvard Step Test. This study is tested by Spearman correlation. Mean of TBF (%) value was 23.68 ± 6.29. Mean of physical fitness index levels was 60.05 ± 31.27. Spearman correlation test has a result r = -0.314 with a significance of p = 0.038 (p<0.05), that means total body fat and physical fitness index has a significant negative correlation. There was a significant negative correlation between total body fat and physical fitness inde
THE EFFECT OF GREEN TEA AND STEVIA EXTRACT ON LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY WISTAR RATs TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Get PDFIntroduction: Glucose metabolism abnormality on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused liver damage due to dyslipidemia and increasing oxidative stress. Antidiabetic and antioxidants within green tea leaf and stevia leaf extract prevent liver damage due to T2DM complications. Objective: To investigate green tea and stevia leaf extract effects on liver histopathology on T2DM rats.Methods: This study used Post Test Only Control Group Design. A total of 30 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control group (C-G), normal rats; negative control group (NC-G), T2DM induction; positive control group (PC-G), treated by Metformin; the first treatment group (T1-G), was treated by green tea leaf extract and stevia leaf extract; and the second treatment group (T2-G) was treated by a Metformin also green tea and stevia leaf extract. The treatment was given to subjects for 21 days starting 3 days after the induction of Nicotinamide (NA) and Streptozotocine (STZ). Histopathological assessment of liver cells uses assessment parameters in the form of features of necrosis, vacuolization, sinusoidal dilation and number of inflammatory cells. Hypothesis will be tested by Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05) dan Mann-Whitney test (P<0,05) Results: The difference of liver damage in all group shows a significant difference, p<0.05. Significant differences in liver damage scores between the 2 groups there are between the negative control group and the control group (0.031), positive control (0.042), and second treatment group (0.011), and between first treatment group and second treatment group (0.041).Conclusion: The administration of green tea extract, stevia leaf, and standard drug may reduce liver damage score of Wistar with T2DMABSTRACTBackground: Glucose metabolism abnormality on T2DM caused liver damage due to dyslipidemia and increasing oxidative stress. Antidiabetic and antioxidants within green tea leaf and stevia leaf extract prevent liver damage due to T2DM complications. Objective: To know green tea and stevia leaf extract effects on liver histopathology on T2DM rats.Methods: This study was used Only Control Group Post-Test Design. A total of 30 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, normal rats; negative control group, T2DM induction; positive control group, treated by the standard drug Metformin 150 mg/kg body weight; treatment group 1 was treated by green tea leaf extract 600 mg/kg body weight and stevia leaf extract 300 mg/kg body weight; and the treatment group 2 was treated by a standard drug also green tea and stevia leaf extract. Animal treatment started on 3 days after T2DM induction with NA+STZ and done for 21 days. Histopathological assessment of liver cells uses assessment parameters in the form of features of necrosis, vacuolization, sinusoidal dilation and number of inflammatory cells.Results: The difference of liver damage in the all group shows a significant difference with a value of p = 0.023. Significant differences in liver damage scores between the 2 groups there are between the negative control group and the control group (0.031), positive control (0.042), and treatment group 2 (0.011), and between training group 1 and treatment group 2 (0.041).Conclusion: The administration of green tea extract, stevia leaf, anda standard drug may reduce liver damage score of Wistar with T2D
Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia Improve Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Children with Obesity
Get PDFIntroduction: Excessive fat accumulation in the obese child causes complex problems in the respiratory system. Respiratory system function can be improved by exercise. One exercise model that is suitable for children is Senam Sehat Anak Indonesia (SSAI). The quality of the respiratory function system is measured using Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR).Objective: to validate the PEFR’s differences in obese children before and after performing SSAI.Methods: This research using one group pre-posttest experimental design with total sample of 20 obese children using purposive sampling method. The research instrument uses weight scale, height scale, and peak flow meter. SSAI was given to all subjects twice a week for six weeks. Paired T Test statistical analysis was used to examine the PEFR’s differences before and after performing SSAI, considered significant if p<0.05.Results: The PEFR’s mean of all subjects before performing SSAI was 258.25 ± 39.51 L∕minute, while PEFR’s mean after performing SSAI twice a week for 6 weeks was 282.50 ± 43.03 L∕minute, (p=0,000).Conclusion: The PEFR’s mean of obese children was increase significantly after performing SSAI twice a week for 6 week
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Ethanol Extract decreases hs-CRP levels and Total Score of Renal Tubular Degeneration in Rat Model of Gentamicine-Induced Renal Damage
Get PDFIntroduction: Injection of intraperitoneal gentamicin at a dose of 60 mg/kg BW intra-peritoneal in rats for 7 days has been shown to trigger renal tubular degeneration and increase in high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level. The use of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) to reduce hs-CRP levels and total score of renal tubular degeneration has not been reported.Objective: to determine the effect of purslane ethanol extract on hs-CRP levels and renal tubular degeneration score in gentamicin induced-renal damage in rats.Methods: This was a study using posttest only control group design. Twentyfive male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks, weighed 150-200 grams were allocated into 5 groups: normal (Nor-G), without treatment; negative (Neg-G), gentamicin (60 mg/kg BW), intraperitoneally; P-200; P-300 ; P-400 (gentamicin plus purslane extract at a dose of 200, 300, and 400 respectively) for 7 days. The hs-CRP was evaluated using the ELISA method. Total score of renal tubular degeneration was evaluated using modified score of Sarjadi.Results: there was a significant difference in mean hsCRP level and total score of renal tubular degeneration between groups (p 0.05).Conclusion: the administration of purslane ethanol extract at doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg BW for 7 days improve hs-CRP level and total score of tubular degeneration similar to normal.Â
The Effect of Reading Activity on Verbal Fluency in Older Adults
Get PDFIntroduction: The high prevalence of dementia affecting verbal fluency have been one of the global major concerns. Therefore, strategies to maintain or improve the verbal fluency in older adults is needed. Neuroplasticity-based program in the form of reading has been shown to affect the verbal fluency. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of reading activity on verbal fluency in the older adults.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty older adults were included. The inclusion criteria were more than 60 years of age, being to speak, being able to read, scores > 24, for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, having intention to fill out the reading habits questionnaire criteria. The exclusion criteria were the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and psychiatric disorders, head trauma injury of neurological disorders, hearing loss and alcohol use. The patients were assigned into three groups: the control group (C-G), the 15-minute reading intervention group (G-15), and 30-minute reading intervention group (G-30). The reading aloud activity was given for 14 days. The verbal fluency was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using oneway ANOVA, Post Hoc, and paired T-test.Results: There were significant differences among groups in post-test phonemic score (p0.05).Conclusion: The reading activity intervention for two weeks affects verbal fluency in older adults by increasing the phonemic score but not semantic score