Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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The Effect of Coffee on Spermatozoa Motility and Morphology of BALB/c Mice Exposed to Electric Mosquito Repellent
Get PDFIntroduction: Electric mosquito repellent which contains d-allethrin producing free radicals, affects the quality of sperm motility and morphology. Antioxidants contained in coffee can counteract the free radicals in the body. Objective: To evaluate the effect of coffee on sperm motility and morphology of BALB/c mice exposed to electric mosquito repellent. Methods: In this experimental study was conducted with post-test only control group design, 24 BALB/c mice randomized into 4 groups. The negative control group was a group without treatment. The positive control group was exposed to electric mosquito repellent. Group P1 and P2 were exposed to electric mosquito and given the coffee solutions with the doses respectively 52 mg/0.5 mL and 78 mg/0.5 mL. The treatment was given for 35 days. On the 36th day, all mice were terminated and their sperm motility and morphology were examined. The data were then analyzed with the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis. Differences were considered significant when the value of p<0.05 with confidence interval 95%.Results: The result of pairwise comparison test progressive sperm motility shows that there was a significant difference between positive control group with P2 group (p=0.006), positive control group with negative control group (p<0.001), and P1 group with negative control group (p=0.004). The result of Kruskal-Wallis test for sperm morphology shows that there was no significant difference between those four groups (p=0.885).Conclusion: Coffee can significantly increase the sperm motility but didn’t significantly increase the normal sperm morphology percentage of BALB/c mice exposed by electric mosquito repellent
Invitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Ficus carica L. and Olea europeae L. Against Cervical Cancer
Get PDFINTRODUCTION:Cervical cancer is a malignant infectious disease caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the cervix. Fig and olive oil containing flavonoid has been shown to have antioxidant and anticancer activity.OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of combined Ficus carica L. and Olea europeae L. against HeLa cervical cancer cells.METHODS: This is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. The HeLa cells were divided into 5 groups: fig extract, olive oil, combined fig extract and olive oil (at the ratio of 1:3, 1:1, 3:1), positive control (doxorubicin). The cytotoxic and antioxidant activity were evaluated by using MTT Assay and DPPH, respectively. The cytotoxic results were analyzed using probit and antioxidant activity was analyzed by using linear regression to obtain IC50 values.RESULTS:The IC50 cytotoxic of fig extract, olive oil, combined fig extract and olive oil (at the ratio of 1:3, 1:1, 3:1) with positive control (doxorubicin) were 13063,915 μg/mL, 679,593 μg/mL, 1562,356 μg/mL, 746,923μg/mL, 563,626 μg/mL and 13,707 μg/mL respectively. The IC50 antioxidant of fig extract, olive oil, and combination of fig extract and olive oil (3:1) was 105.9272 ppm, 23.1276 ppm, and 21,0689 ppm respectively.CONCLUSION:The combination of fig extract and olive oil (3:1) was shown to have the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells
The Difference between the Effect of Green Tea Cream and Tocopherol on Decreasing Level of Tyrosinase Enzyme and Amount of Melanin in Rattus norvegicus Exposed to UVB Rays
Get PDFIntroduction: Green tea and tocopherol are potent antioxidants used to treat melasma. However, whether green tea or tocopherol is superior remains unclear. Objective: To compare the effectiveness between green tea and tocopherol in decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level in wistar rats exposed to UVB rays.Methods: The experimental study took 30 male Wistar rats randomly and divided them into 3 groups. The control group (C-G) was given basic topical cream, GT-G was given green tea topical cream and TC-G was given tocopherol topical cream. All rats were exposed to UVB every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 4 weeks, whereas topical creams were smeared every day. Topical creams smearing on the same day with UVB exposure was performed 20 minutes before exposure and 4 hours after UVB exposure. The doses of UVB were 50 mJ/cm2 in first week, 70mJ/cm2 in the second week and 80mJ/cm2 in the third and fourth weeks. The amount of melanin was measured using pixel method and the tyrosinase level was measured using ELISA.Results: Anova analysis indicates that the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level are significantly different between groups, p0.05. Conclusion: Green tea topical treatment is significantly capable of decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level better than tocopherol
The Effect of CMCE Propolis Extract Administrations on Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Levels and the Hepatocyte HistopathologicalFindings of Rats’ Induced with CCl4
Get PDFIntroduction:Liver exposure to toxic substances will disrupt the metabolic system. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic substance causing a liver damage. Continuous multi-stage countercurrent extraction(CMCE) propolis extract contains active balsamic substances, caffeic acid, phenethyl esters and flavonoids.Objective: to prove the effect of CMCE propolis extract on IL-1 levels and the hepatocyte histopathology findingsof male wistar rats’induced by CCl4.Methods:In the posttest only control group design, the total sample of 28 rats was divided into 4 groups: positive control group (K-0; standard feed); group P-1 (propolis3.6 mg/200 g); P-2 (propolis7.2mg/200gr and P-3 (propolis14.4mg/200g) were respectively given for 14 days,yet those on the 14thday were given CCl4. The IL-1 level was measured with the ELISA method, while the male wistar rats’hepatocyte histopathology findings was determined by the HE staining methods. IL-1 levelswere analyzed usingOne Way Anova test,followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. Hepatic cell histopathology was analyzed usingKruskal Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney U.Results:Post Hoc LSD analysis shows that the levels of IL-1 in P-1 (983.54 ±19.67), P-2 (841.58±19.47), and P-3 (755.50±31.63) are significantlylower thanthosein K-0 (1131.69±14.91) withp<0.05. Mann-Whitney U analysis shows that the hepatocyte histopathology in the P-1 group (2.55±0.39), P-2 (1.24±0.94) and P-3 (1.20±0.93) is significantlylower thanthatinK-0 (2.94±0.16) with p<0.05.Conclusion: The administration of CMCE propolis extract may reduce IL-1 levels and improve the male wistar rats’hepatic cell histopathologyinduced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Introduction:Liver exposure to toxic substances will disrupt the metabolic system. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic substance causing a liver damage. Continuous multi-stage countercurrent extraction(CMCE) propolis extract contains active balsamic substances, caffeic acid, phenethyl esters and flavonoids.Objective: to prove the effect of CMCE propolis extract on IL-1 levels and the hepatocyte histopathology findingsof male wistar rats’induced by CCl4.Methods:In the posttest only control group design, the total sample of 28 rats was divided into 4 groups: positive control group (K-0; standard feed); group P-1 (propolis3.6 mg/200 g); P-2 (propolis7.2mg/200gr and P-3 (propolis14.4mg/200g) were respectively given for 14 days,yet those on the 14thday were given CCl4. The IL-1 level was measured with the ELISA method, while the male wistar rats’hepatocyte histopathology findings was determined by the HE staining methods. IL-1 levelswere analyzed usingOne Way Anova test,followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. Hepatic cell histopathology was analyzed usingKruskal Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney U.Results:Post Hoc LSD analysis shows that the levels of IL-1 in P-1 (983.54 ±19.67), P-2 (841.58±19.47), and P-3 (755.50±31.63) are significantlylower thanthosein K-0 (1131.69±14.91) withp<0.05. Mann-Whitney U analysis shows that the hepatocyte histopathology in the P-1 group (2.55±0.39), P-2 (1.24±0.94) and P-3 (1.20±0.93) is significantlylower thanthatinK-0 (2.94±0.16) with p<0.05.Conclusion: The administration of CMCE propolis extract may reduce IL-1 levels and improve the male wistar rats’hepatic cell histopathologyinduced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
Exploration of Xanthone Derivatives as Anti-Cancer Agents against Colorectal Cancer
Get PDFColorectal cancer currently occupies the third position of globally cancer morbidity and is the second leading cause of cancer death after lung cancer. Chemotherapy administration is still the main modality for the colorectal cancer stage I to III. Its usage is limited, since its high resistance and risk of side effects. Thus, exploration and development of novel colorectal anti-cancer drugs, including compounds derived from nature origin is needed. Xanthone becomes one natural compound which may be potentially developed as an anti-colorectal cancer due to its cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. The in vitro cytotoxic and anti-proliferative actions of xanthone compounds occur through a variety of mechanisms involving both apoptotic induction and inhibition of cell cycle, while in vivo may reduce the tumor size. Since colorectal cancer is frequently treated in a combination therapy, xanthone compounds have also been studied in a combination use and proven effective as co-chemotherapy with the standard chemotherapy drugs. This paper aims at providing an overview of colorectal cancer, pathology, risk factors and protective factors, as well as discussing the current therapies and potential xanthone compounds as an alternative therapy which may be developed later for the colorectal cance
The Influence of Continuous Multi Stage Countercurrent Extraction Process (CMCE) Propolis Extract Administration on Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Hepatocytes Fibrosis Degree (An Experimental Study on Male Wistar Rats Induced with Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4))
Get PDFIntroduction: Continuous Multi Stage Countercurrent Extraction Process (CMCE) propolis extract containing Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) may inhibit the formation of lipid peroxidation. However, it is still unclear whether or not CMCE propolis is able to increase SOD activity and reduce acute hepatocytes damages induced by CCl4. Objective: To evaluate the influence of CMCE propolis extract administration in increasing the SOD activity and reducing the hepatocytes fibrosis of male Wistar rats induced with CCl4.Method: an experimental research with a post-test only control group design. Twenty eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group C-N was only induced with CCl4, while group CM-3, CM-7, and CM-14 were induced with CCl4 and received CMCE propolis extract respectively with 3.6 mg/200 g BW, 7.2 mg/200 g BW, and 14.4 mg/200 g BW. CMCE propolis was administered for 14 days and then CCl4 was administered on the last day. SOD activity was measured using the colorimetric method, while the hepatocytes fibrosis degree was assessed using Image J Software method with NASH score modification.Results: Post Hoc LSD analysis indicated that SOD activity in group CM-3 (51.67 ± 4.20), CM-7 (70.21 ± 6.26), CM-14 (80.85 ± 4.59) was lower than that in group C-N (23.70 ± 5.12) with P <0.05. Meanwhile, the Mann-Whitney U test showed that the hepatocytes fibrosis degree in group CM-3 (0.85 ± 0.69), CM-7 (1.14 ± 0.37), and CM-14 (0.71 ± 0.48) was significantly lower than that in group C-N (2.28 ± 1.25) with p<0.05.Conclusion: The CMCE propolis extract administration was able to increase the SOD activity and reduce the hepatocytes fibrosis degree of male Wistar rats induced with CCl
The Effect of Honey in Second Degree Burn Healing on Wistar Rats (Overview of Angiogenesis and the Number of Fibroblasts)
Get PDFIntroduction: Burn therapy is generally done using a burn ointment. However, honey can also be used as an alternative treatment for burns. Honey contains active flavonoid as an antioxidant and hydrogen peroxide which can stimulate fibroblasts proliferation also angiogenesis on burn healing phase.Objective: to determine the effect of honey in second degree burn healing from angiogenesis and the number of fibroblasts on Wistar rats. Methods: This research used a posttest only controlled group design on 15 rats with random selection and divided into 3 groups: H-G was given honey, B-G was given Bioplacenton®, N-G without any treatment after burn was induced. Rats were given a second degree burn in a size of 2 cm x 2cm on the back area and were treated twice a day for 14 days. Burn healing was measured by calculating the observation results of microscopic VEGF expression, the number of neovascularization, and the number of fibroblasts. Hypothesis analysis used Annova post hoc LSD and Mann-Whitney.Results: The highest mean in VEGF expression and the number of neovascularization was obtained from group B-G followed by group H-G and group N-G. Significant differences in the number of neovascularization between group B-G with group N-G, p<0.05.Conclusion: Honey can provide a healing effect on the second degree of burns in Wistar rats in terms of the number of neovascularization as well as BioplacentonÂ
The Effect of Administration of Longan (DimocarpusLonganL Steud)Leaf Extract Cream on Collagen Density and MMP-1 Expression in the Dermis of BALB/C Mice Exposed to UV-B Rays
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: UV-B exposure to the skin may produce ROS, decreasing collagen density and increasing MMP-1 expression. Longan leaf extract cream contains antioxidant and is expected to prevent decrease in collagen density and MMP-1 expression increase.OBJECTIVE: The research aims at administering longan leaf extract cream to increase collagen density and decrease MMP-1 expression in BALB/c mice exposed to UV-B rays.METHODS: This experimental research employed a Post Test Only Controlled Group Design. The subjects were 24 BALB/c mice, which were randomly divided into 4 groups. The Control Group (Ctr-G)was only administered with basic cream and exposed to UV-B rays, while Groups DLS-3, DLS-6, and DLS-13were respectively administered with longan leaf extract cream at doses 3.25%, 6.5% and 13% and exposed to UV-B rays for 4 weeks at a dose of 1 MED. On day 29, a tissue excision biopsy was performed to determine the collagen density and MMP-1 expression. The collagen density preparations were made using Masson’s Trichome staining and MMP-1 preparations were made using immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: Kruskalwallis analysis showedstatistically no significant differences in collagen density and MMP-1 expression between groups(p value> 0.05).CONCLUSION: Administration of longan leaf extract cream at doses of 3.25%, 6.5% and 13% had proven unable to increase collagen densitynor decrease the MMP-1 expression significantly after UVB exposure
EFFECT OF ANISAKIS SPP. PARASITE ON HUMAN DIGESTION SYSTEM
Get PDFAnisakis spp. is a genus of parasitic nematode which can be transmitted to human through seafood like fish and marine mammals. Anisakis may cause health problems in digestive system and allergic reactions when a raw or undercooked fish containing anisakis larvae in third stage of life is consumed. Three species have evidently caused diseases for human: Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Anisakis simplex C and Anisakis pegreffi. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urticaria. Some larvae are resistant to heat and digestive enzymes, thus, incidents of this worm induced disease still occur.Anisakis spp. is a genus of parasitic nematode which can be transmitted to human through seafood like fish and marine mammals. Anisakis may cause health problems in digestive system and allergic reactions when a raw or undercooked fish containing anisakis larvae in third stage of life is consumed. Three species have evidently caused diseases for human: Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Anisakis simplex C and Anisakis pegreffi. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urticaria. Some larvae are resistant to heat and digestive enzymes, thus, incidents of this worm induced disease still occur.Keywords: Anisakiasis, Sea Mammal, Invasive, IgEÂ
The Effect of Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction (CMCE) Propolis Extract Administration on Leydig, and Sertoli Cells Counts, and Sperm Quality Induced With Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) (An experimental study on male Wistar rat induced by monosodium glutamate)
Get PDFINTRODUCTION:Â ROS is the most common cause of male infertility. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a compound which produces ROS and decreases FSH and LH levels. Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction (CMCE) propolis extract as an antioxidant is evidently capable of reducing ROS concentration.OBJECTIVE: this research aims at evaluating the effect of CMCE propolis extract administration on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of MSG-induced male wistar rats.METHODS: employing the Post Test Only Control Group Design, 18 rats were divided into 3 groups: control group, treated only with MSG (MS-G), and treatment groups, respectively treated with CMCE propolis extract at doses 8.3mg/day (CM8-G) and 10.8mg/day (CM10-G). CMCE propolis extract was given orally for 21 days. At the end of treatment, sperm and testis were taken to evaluate the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality. The sperm obtained from epididymis was analyzed using the WHO standards, while Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were counted from preparation using the HE stain method.RESULTS: the Post Hoc analysis result shows that the Leydig and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of CM8-G and CM10-G are significantly higher than those of MS-G, p<0.05CONCLUSION: CMCE propolis extract administration evidently increases the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality from the perspective of the count, motility and morphology of spermatozoa of MSG-induced male wistar rats.Â