Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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The use of herbal medicines in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia
Full text linkIn Indonesia, the use of herbal medicine as an alternative medicine is increasing. Herbal remedies are used as complementary medicine and self-medication. Diabetes mellitus requires treatment over the long term. This may contribute to the medication adherence problem. Consequently, many patients seek alternative treatments, such as herbal medications. The purpose of this study was to determine the use and type of herbal medicines among diabetic patients in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study with 190 respondents selected at random from multiple cities in Indonesia. A questionnaire was used to determine the most frequently used herbal medicine, the demographic profile of the patients, the health services, and the level of patient satisfaction with the use of herbal medicines. The participants were predominantly female (62.7%), housewives (39.5%), aged between 40 and 65 (84.5%), high school graduates (74.7%), and had low to moderate incomes (74.7%). The use of herbal medicine was 22%, and the combination of herbal medicine and prescription medication was 6%. Bitter leaves (10%), mangosteen peel (8.9%), insulin leaves (7.9%), mahkota dewa herbs (6.3%), and bitter melon are used as herbal or traditional medicines (4.7%). In terms of satisfaction, 28.7%, 40.9%, and 14.4% of respondents were quite satisfied, satisfied, and very satisfied with the use of herbal medicines, respectively. Herbal remedies are commonly used in alternative diabetes treatments. Bitter leaves are the most frequently used herb, with over half of respondents expressing satisfaction with the benefits of herbal medicine
The effect of ethanol extract of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) on kidney damage in tartrazine-induced rats
Full text linkTartrazine is a yellow synthetic dye with aromatic and chromo groups. It is widely used in food colouring products and cosmetics, and prolonged consumption can cause kidney damage. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a North Sumatra-native spice plant which reported as antioxidant to repair kidney damage. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of andaliman fruit on the morphology, ureum levels, histology, and glomerular diameter of tartrazine-induced rats. This study employed a completely randomised design (CRD). The ethanol extract of andaliman fruit was dissolved in CMC-Na 1%. Twenty-five rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control (KN), positive control (tartrazine indcution/PN), and treated groups (P1, P2, and P3 induced tartazine and treated with andaliman extract at dose 150 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 450 mg/kg BW, respectively). After 30 days treatment, kidney damage was observed based on colour and surface of kidneys, kidney index, ureum level, kidney damage score, and glomerular diameter. There are no significant different in the kidney index among groups (p > 0.05). Tartrazin at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW was able to induce the kidney damage as indicated by the increase ureum levels, kidney damage score, and the decrease of glomerular diameter in the negative control. The treatment of andaliman fruit ethanol extract was able to repair the tartazine-induced kidney damage as indicated by the decrease of ureum level and kidney damage score and incread the glomerular diameter
Factors Affecting Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Full text linkIntroduction: Indonesia ranked seventh in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world. Improved glycemic control has been proven to prevent the diabetes and its complications. Adherence to treatment, weight regulation with benchmarks for Body Mass Index (BMI) indicators, activity or exercise habits, diet, and smoking history play an important role in glycemic control. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting glycemic control in outpatient with diabetes mellitus.Methods: A cross sectional study  among 32 diabetes mellitus patients.This study was conducted from April 2019 to September 2019 at Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro (RSND), Semarang. The glycemic control status were assesed by HbA1c. Factors such medication adherence, diet adherence, smoking status, and physical activity were assesed with a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement done to get the BMI status. Data were analyzed with bivariat analysis with chi square test (p<0.05).Result: The factors that were significantly have relationship with glycemic control status are diet adherence (p=0.046), and medication adherence (p=0.040). Physical activity, smoking status and BMI doesn’t have significant relationship with glycemic control status.Conclusion: Factors affecting glycemic control of diabetes mellitus patients in this study were diet adherence and medication adherence. History of smoking, BMI, and physical activity were not factors that influenced the control status in diabetes mellitus patients in this study
CMCE Propolis Extract Improve Caspase 3 Expressions of The Hepatocytes and IL-6 Levels in Rats Exposed with CCl4
Full text linkIntroduction: Liver plays an important role in the metabolic processes possibly exposed to the toxic materials. One of those hepatotoxic substances is carbon tetrachloride. The propolis extract contains the balsamic active substances, CAPE compounds and flavonoids. Flavonoids can prevent from the apoptosis and reduce the inflammation.Objective: To validate propolis extract’s (CMCE method) ability in improving caspase 3 expressions of hepatocytes and IL-6 levels in Wistar male rats induced with carbon tetrachloride.Methods: An experimental study with a post-test only control group design applied to the study. The research subjects were 28 male Wistar rats, divided into four groups. The negative control group (CN-G) was only injected with CCl4, while the experimental groups were administered with the CMCE propolis at the dosages of 3.6 mg/200g (CM3-G), 7.2 mg/200g (CM7-G), and 14.4 mg/200g (CM14-G). The CMCE propolis extract was administered for 14 days and on day 14, the CCl4 was then given. The caspase 3 expression of hepatocytes was measured using HE liver cell preparations, while the IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA method.Results: The results of Mann-Whitney U statistical analysis showed that the hepatocytes’ caspase 3 expressions in CM14-G (2.77 ± 0.531), CM7-G (3.14 ± 0.378), and CM3-G (4.22 ± 0.690) were lower than those in CN-G (5.43 ± 0.535), p<0.05. Meanwhile, the Post Hoc LSD analysis Results showed that IL-6 levels in CM14-G (55.032 ± 9.336), CM7-G (78.362 ± 8.313), and CM3-G (114.975 ± 10.359) were lower those in CN-G (180.301 ± 5.428), p<0.05.Conclusion: the administration of propolis extract (CMCE method) improve the caspase 3 expressions of hepatocytes and Il-6 levels in Wistar male rats induced with carbon tetrachloride
The Administration of Topical Aloe vera Extract Reduce the Number of Sunburn Cells and Expression of Caspase-3 on Post UVB-light-exposure Epidermis
Full text linkIntroduction: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation triggers the formation of free radicals that cause apoptosis and sunburn cells (SBC) formation. Aloe vera contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds that can potentially inhibit this process. Objective: to assess the effect of topical Aloe vera extract administration on the decrease of SBC number and Caspase-3 expression on the epidermis after UVB light exposure.Methods: In a post-test only group design study, a single dose of 3 doses of Erythema (DEM) was performed on two groups of 6 week old BALB/c female rats. Group A (control) did not receive any topical treatment, and group B (treatment) were smeared with 75% Aloe vera extract before irradiation. Each group was divided into 4 sub-groups based on post-exposure time of 6 hours (A1 and B1), 12 hours (A2 and B2), 24 hours (A3 and B3), and 48 hours (A4 and B4). The expression of caspase-3 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining while the SBC number was measured using a microscope. The expression of caspase-3 was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests, while the number of SBC was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test and the post-hoc LSD test.Results: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed a significant difference in Caspase-3 expression between groups, p <0.05. The results of Mann-Whitney analysis showed a significant difference in Caspase-3 expression between the A1-A3 and B1-B3 subgroups (p <0.05). One-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the number of SBC between groups (p <0.05). Post-hoc LSD analysis showed significant differences in SBC counts between groups A and B across all subgroups, p <0.05.Conclusion: Topical application of Aloe Vera extract decreased Caspase-3 expression and the number of SBC in UVB light-exposed skin
Factors Associated with Hearing Loss in Helicopter Aircrew of Indonesian Army Aviation Center, Semarang
Full text linkIntroduction: Hearing loss and tinnitus may occur in pilots due to exposure of the high noise level (ranges from 104-110 dB) generated by aircraft/helicopters. In addition, flying time, acoustic trauma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking are risk factors of hearing loss. Objective: to identify the factors associated with hearing loss in the crew of the Indonesian Army Aviation Center, SemarangMethods: in the cross-sectional research, 114 military helicopter aircrews aged 20-58 years, working for the Army Aviation Center in Semarang were included. The exclusion criteria were history of previous ear surgery, infection of the outer and middle ear, the use of ototoxic drugs (kanamycin, cisplatin and carboplatin). The level of hearing loss and tinitus was assessed by otoscopy and audiometry. Whereas, tinnitus was obtained from the history taking. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and fisher's exact and Yates’s correction.Results: One hundred and fourteen subjects (mean age of 26.54 + 4.72) were included. Several factors such as flight time (p = 0.698), acoustic trauma (p = 0.151), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.596), smoking (p = 0.222), hypertension (p = 0.356) were not associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Several factors such as flight time (p = 0.706), acoustic trauma (p = 0.5160), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.789), smoking (p = 0.495), hypertension (p = 0.112) were not associated with tinnitus.Conclusion: There is no association between flight time, acoustic trauma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking and hearing loss
Comparison between Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Level and Bishop Score as Predictor of Successful Labor Induction in Full Term Pregnancy with Preeclampsia
Full text linkIntroduction: preeclampsia/eclampsia contributed to 30% of maternal mortality in RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Pre-induction bishop score assessment is a standard for cervical maturity estimation. Other predictors currently being developed, including insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1). However, there is no cut-off point for IGFBP-1 examination in full term pregnancy, especially with preeclampsia and its complications. Objective: to find IGFBP-1 levels and Bishop Score differences in preeclampsia women with induction labor.Methods: this prospective observational cohort study was conducted in preeclampsia women with gestational age ≥37 weeks planned labor induction at Obstetrics and Gynecology Ward RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang and networking hospital during study period (n=66). History taking, physical examination, proteinuria, cervical mucus IGFBP-1, and bishop score calculation was performed. Statistical analysis was performed with paired-t test, followed by ROC for cut-off value of successful induction prediction, and logistic regression to determine confounding variables effect on IGFBP-1 levels.Results: The average Bishop score of 66 subjects was 2.5±1.81 and 2.6±1.8 for women who deliver ≤24 labor and in labor for ≤12 hours, respectively. Although the bishop score was higher in the successful labor group, there was no significant difference between groups. Mean IGFBP-1 value was 8.29±5.033 mcg/L with median value of 10.8 mcg/L. Successful induction had significant higher IGFBP-1 levels with area-under-curve (AUC) 0.76 and 8.145 cutoff value (p=0.002, RR=5.1).Conclusion: IGFBP-1 level with cutoff point 8.145 can be used as predictor of successful labor induction in term pregnancy with preeclampsia
Effect of Four Antioxidants Combination on Number of Sertoli and Leydig Cells, Sperm Quality and Caspase-3 Expression in Rat Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Full text linkIntroduction: The administration of antioxidant combination has been shown to be more effective than that of individual antioxidant in male infertility.Objective: to determine the effect of different combination of antioxidants (vitamin/vit C, vit E, glutathione and zinc) on the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells, sperm quality and texpression of caspase-3 in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: This was an experimental study using a post test only control group design. Thirty six rats were randomly divided into 6 groups to receive one of the following combinations of antioxidants: vit C and E, glutathione, zinc (T4-G); vit C and E, glutathione (T3-G); vit C and vit E (T2-G); Glutathione, zinc (T1-G); control positive (CP-G) cigarette smoke exposed only, normal (CN-G). The dose of vit C, vit E, glutathion and zinc was 9 mg/day, 1.8 IU/day, 1.8 mg/day, 0.2 mg/day respectively. All groups were exposed to cigarette smoke (3 cigarettes/day for 21 days), except for the CN-G group. On day 22, sperm samples were taken. Testicular tissue was taken for measurements of sperm quality, sertoli and leydig cell.numbers.Results: There was a significant difference in mean number of Leydig cells, sperm motility, sperm count and caspase-3 between groups (p<0.05). Post hoc LSD showed that the administration of combination of four antioxidant agent increasing the number of Sertoli cells and sperm morphology. The results also showed that group treated with 4 antioxidants combination had the highest number of Leydig cells, sperm motility, sperm counts and the lowest expression of caspase-3.Conclusion:The combination of vitC, vit E, glutathione and zinc affects the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells, sperm quality, expression of caspase-3 in rats exposed to cigarette smoke
Analysis of Quality of Pharmacy Management Information System at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang
Full text linkIntroduction: Hospital is one of the important links in the service delivery system to the community so that the hospital is expected to provide information to support the provision of timely and accurate services. To improve the quality of hospital services, an up to date information system is needed. The user satisfaction on information system can be used to evaluate the quality of an organization's information system. Objective: to evaluate the quality of the pharmacy management information system (PMIS) at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital (SAIH), Semarang, and determine the priority of area for improvements.Methods: In this cross-sectional qualititative study, the responses of all employees to questionnaire were obtained; these employees worked at the pharmacy of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang. The PIECES method was applied. The data analysis included gap and customer windowResults: The gap value on the dimension of performance, information, economic, control, efficiency, service was -1.10, -0.82, -0.28, -0.22, 0.01, -0.62, respectivelyConclusion: The user’s unfulfilled expectation on PMIS at SAIH including dimensions of performance, information, economy, control, service, and efficiency. Priority areas for quality improvement of PMIS at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital’s phamacy included the menu display, system responsiveness, the completeness of the system, no error occurs, the alert system of the drug stock, the responsiveness of the IT department to the problem of PIMS use
The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Interleukin-6 Level and Lymphocyte Count in Leprosy Reaction Patient
Full text linkIntroduction: Leprosy reaction is an immunity declining reaction marked with inflammation which may cause permanent disability. Physical exercise may improve body’s immune system. Objective: To prove the effect of moderate-intensity physical exercise on the interleukin-6 level and lymphocyte count in leprosy reaction patient.Methods: The quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest and a control group design used 30 respondents consisting of 14 interventions and 16 controls. The intervention group was given moderate-intensity physical exercise 60%-79% in the form of static cycle at a frequency of 4 times weekly, 150 minutes per week. Corticosteroid was always administered to the two groups as a standard therapy. The interleukin-6 level was measured using ELISA method and lymphocyte count was measured using hematology analyzer.Result: The Mann-Whitney analysis shows that the mean difference in IL-6 level between pretest and posttest with the intervention group (-7.1429±25.2369) is significantly lower than that of the control group (8.8125±11.2025), p<0.05. On the contrary, the Independent t-test analysis shows that the mean difference in lymphocyte count between pretest and posttest with the intervention group (0.7407±0.41236) is significantly higher than that of the control group (-0.4500±0.42415), p<0.05. Conclusion: Physical exercise at moderate intensity in the form of aerobics using static cycle at a frequency of 4 times weekly, with duration of 150 minutes per week decreases interleukin-6 level and increases lymphocyte count in leprosy reaction patient.Â