Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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The influence of parental eating patterns on the nutritional status of Manado city children aged 6-24 months
Full text linkParental eating habits have a positive effect on children's nutritional health. Numerous studies have examined children's eating patterns; however, few studies have examined the association between parental eating patterns based on the dimensions of demandingness and responsiveness in children and the nutritional status of 6- to 24-month-old children. This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental dietary habits and the nutritional status of children aged 6–24 months in Manado City. The research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design in the working area of the Ranomut Health Center, which included six neighborhoods from three villages: Paal 2, Ranomut, and Perkamil. This village was chosen because it has the highest concentration of children under the age of five in the Ranomut Health Center's service area. In this study, 96 samples were selected using the method of purposive sampling based on the criteria established by the researcher. The instrument used was the validated and reliable Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire for Infants, followed by data analysis using the Spearman rank test. The respondents' parental eating styles were authoritarian (31.3%), permissive (27.1%), democratic (20%), and negligent (20%). The nutritional status of children under the age of five was 26% malnourished and 74% well-nourished. The Spearman rank test resulted in a p-value of 0.674. This can be attributed to other factors, such as family composition and age-inappropriate food portions
Measurement of Pterygium Tissue Dry Weight Using Two Different Tissue Preparation Techniques in Freeze-Dry Method
Full text linkDue to pterygium tissue compression on the corneal surface, it has been hypothesised that the degree of corneal astigmatism caused by pterygium can vary. This study aims to develop a freeze-dried method for estimating net pterygium tissue mass (NPTM) as dry weight. A single surgeon (KMK) excised 60 primary pterygium using the controlled partial avulsion technique and divided them into two groups: formalin-fixed (n=30) and unfixed (n=30). After determining the weight of each sterile container, 5 mL of 5% buffered formaldehyde was added to the formalin-fixed group and stored for one week, while 5 mL of distilled water was added to the non-fixed pterygium group. Each container was pre-frozen for 12 hours before being freeze-dried (-24 hours at -80 degrees Celsius). The result is referred to as the net pterygium tissue mass (NPTM). Using an independent T-test, a comparison of wet and dry weight and percentage of NPTM was conducted between groups. Wet weights for formalin-fixed and non-fixed pterygium were 253.33 82.17 g and 255.17 63.52 g, respectively, while dry weights were 184.92 84.31 g and 179.54 72.85 g. Formalin-fixed pterygium tissue revealed a slightly higher percentage of NPTM than non-fixed pterygium tissue (69.39 13.29% vs. 67.75 13.29%, p = 0.792), but this difference was not statistically significant. The freeze-dried method can be utilised to quantify the NPTM of pterygium fibrovascular tissue and investigate the influence of pterygium translucency on predicting induced-corneal astigmatism
No Structural Change in Mice Intestinal Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue After Trichuris muris Egg Infestation
Full text linkIntroduction: It has been known that  the infestation of Trichuris muris egg in the intestinal mice may induce a host immune ‎response to eliminate the worms. Worms antigen will stimulate host immune response in the intestinal ‎secondary lymphoid organs. One of the secondary lymphoid organs in the intestinum is GALT (gut-‎associated lymphoid tissue). Worm antigen activate naive T cells and naive B cells in GALT and ‎trigger differentiation of T cells into Th2 and stimulate B cell to produce gut IgE. However a structural change of GALT structure is still poorly understood.‎ Objective: This study aims to find  influence of embrionic Trichuris muris egg infestation to the structural ‎changes of mice intestinum GALT.Methods: This research uses true experimental method with post-test only with control group design. Mice are grouped into 3 groups. The first group was given 40 Trichuris muris embryonic egg peroral, second group was given 200 eggs, and third was control group. On the 30th day after treatment, the mice were sacrificed and intestinal GALT structural change has been analyzed (p<0.05). Results: There was no effect of Trichuris muris embryonic egg infestation on the structure of mice intestinum GALT. However, there is a unique finding of GALT in the form of a Peyer’s patch in the basal plica transversalis colon proximalis of 1 mice given egg T. peroral murmus, at low doses or high doses. Conclusion: There was no effect of Trichuris muris embryonic egg infestation on the structure of mice intestinum GAL
Intense relationship of blood pressure and stadium of chronic kidney disease at early diagnosis
Full text linkChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathological stage with multiple causes that is characterised by a very high level of urea in the body because the kidneys are unable to balance the metabolism of fluids and electrolytes. Previous research has demonstrated that high blood pressure is one of the causes of chronic kidney disease. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood pressure and the initial stage of chronic kidney disease. observational study of Ninety patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the RSUD Dr. Soeroto, Ngawi participated in this cross-sectional. Subjects were required to have CKD stages I-IV, high blood pressure, to be hospitalised for the first time at RSUD dr Soeroto, Ngawi, and to have never been treated for hypertension. This study employed the Spearman rank test, which was analysed by SPSS (p<0.05). 64.5% of patients with chronic kidney disease have reached stage V. In contrast, 47.8% of patients with chronic kidney disease have stage 2 hypertension. The Spearman Rank test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) between blood pressure and the stage of chronic kidney disease at the time of initial diagnosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. The correlation coefficient has a value of 0.638, making it a strong correlation. There is a strong correlation between blood pressure and the stage of chronic kidney disease at the initial diagnosis of chronic kidney disease patients at the RSUD Dr. Soeroto, Ngawi
Hierarchy of clinical decision-making by physicians based on medical and ethical decision making
Full text linkFrom 2011 to 2014, there were six cases of suspected medical malpractice in the Central Java Region; four clinical cases were resolved by an ethics board and two by a public court, so that it serves as a reference for clinical decision-making for physicians, as many ethical problems in addition to legal problems exist in medicine. Doctors, as Indonesian citizens, are obligated to implement the norms and laws that apply in Indonesia. However, as professionals, they are also obligated to implement the norms that apply in medical professional organisations (Indonesian Doctors Association/IDI), including the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI), the Code of Medical Ethics (KODEKI), and interprofessional ethics. So that the actions of physicians can be accounted for from both a legal and an ethical standpoint of the medical profession. Every clinical case a physician encounters has inextricable ethical and medical dimensions, necessitating a prudent method for making clinical decisions. The challenge is to comprehend the value hierarchy, beginning with norms, morals, principles, standards, and rules. Therefore, when making clinical decisions, physicians are truly guided by the order of applicable values, one of which is Jonsen-4-box Siegler’s method. The culture of the Indonesian people includes a 4-box method as an alternative. Schematics can be made for the order of values and ways of making clinical decisions based on wise ethical decisions in resolving ethical dilemmas and medical disputes
Sudden Blindness as Post-Hemodialysis Complication Experienced by Patients at The End-Stage of Kidney Disease: a Case Report
Full text linkIntroduction: Hemodialysis is the most preferred Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) options for End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) patients. Although it is safe and beneficial for patients, several complications may occur during hemodialysis process. One complication that is rarely found in the hemodialysis process is visual impairment. Visual impairment or even sudden blindness occured during or within 24 hours post hemodialysis. Objective: To describe the occurring sudden blindness as a rare complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis and its etiology.Brief Case: 19 years old man with ESKD undergoing hemodialysis for 1 month with a complaint of sudden blindness in both eyes occurring <24 hours post hemodialysis.Discussion: Fast and precise efforts are needed to diagnose the etiology of blindness, so that prevention and appropriate treatment can be immediately taken. Multidisciplinary teamwork is needed to diagnose the etiology of visual impairment.Conclusion: Sudden blindness in this case may be caused by the 3rd degree hypertensive retinopathy caused by malignant hypertension and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES
The association between Hb levels in placenta previa patients with apgar scores
Full text linkHemoglobin (Hb) level is a biochemical indicator of the nutritional status of pregnant women, and a low Hb level reduces blood supply to the placenta, which influences the incidence of placenta previa. A placenta previa develops in the lower portion of the uterus, completely or partially expanding to cover the entire birth canal and the internal uterine ostium. The APGAR score is commonly used as a predictor of infant mortality and long-term disability and as an indicator of infant health at birth. The risk of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity increases in placenta previa patients with inadequate vascularization, which can be caused by low Hb levels. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Hb levels and APGAR scores in patients with placenta previa at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang. This analytic observation study is a cross-sectional analysis with purposive sampling method. From January 2017 to January 2018, all placenta previa patients hospitalized at Sultan Agung Hospital in Semarang were included in this study. In this study, we used subject data that met the criteria for inclusion. The p-value derived from the chi-square analysis is 0.041 (p 1). Low Hb levels (11 g/dl) could significantly increase the risk of a lower APGAR score at 5 min in patients with placenta previa who have a low Hb level
Effect of Eucheuma cottonii extract on interleukin-1 level and caspase-3 expression in borax-induced rat’s hepatocyte
Full text linkBorax is a hepatotoxic substance and induces oxidative stress in hepatocytes. It may trigger the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like Interleukin-1 and apoptotic signals like Caspase-3. Extract of the seaweed Eucheuma cottonii contains carotenoids and flavonoids which suppress oxidative stress in hepatocyte. This study was conducted to determine the effect of E. cottonii extract on borax-induced Interleukin-1 and Caspase-3 expression in rat hepatocyte cells. This research employs a posttest-control group design. Twenty Wistar male rats were separated into four groups: control group (K1) received no intervention, K2 received Na-CMC 0.5% for 17 days and Borax 40 mg/200 g on the fourth day every hour for 14 days, P1 and P2groups were administered E. cottonii extracts at doses of 600 mg/200 g and 1200 mg/200 g for 17 days, respectively, followed byborax induction at a dose of 40 mg/200 g on the fourth day with a one-hour interval for 14 days. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels were measured with ELISA, while caspase-3 expression was measured with PCR. For the statistical analysis, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney were used. The level of IL-1 in P2 was significantly lower than in K2 (p<0.05). Caspase-3 expression was significantly lower in P1 and P2 than in K2 (p<0.05). IL-1 level and caspase-3 expression of hepatocytes are affected by administration of E. cottonii extract. The extract has the ability to prevent inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis.<img 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
Increased levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and sertoli cells count in wistar rats induced with paraquat after green bean sprout extract supplementation
Full text linkParaquat herbicide disrupts the hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), causes testicular damage and changes in spermatogenesis. This study aims to determine the effect of supplementation of green bean sprout extract (Vigna radiata L.) on FSH levels, Sertoli cell counts in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by paraquat herbicide. This research uses true experimental with posttest only control group design. A total of 25 rats were divided into 5 groups: P0 was given standard feed, P1 was given paraquat 4 4 mg/g BW, P2 was given green bean sprout extract supplement (GBES) dose 21.6 4 mg/g BW and paraquat 4 mg/g BW P3 was given GBES dose 43.2 4 mg/g BW and paraquat is administered orally for 15 days. Measurement of FSH levels using ELISA, while Sertoli cells were observed using testicular histology preparate. Mann-Whitney test resulted significance of p<0.05, which showed that the administration of GBES influenced FSH levels and the number of Sertoli cells. GBES doses of 21.6 4 mg/g BW, 43.2 4 mg/g BW, and 86.4 4 mg/g BW were shown to increase FSH levels and Sertoli cell counts in paraquat-induced Wistar rats. GBES increased FSH levels and the number of Sertoli cells in paraquat-induced rats
Aluminum chloride impaired spatial memory, but not senile plaques formation in the rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Full text linkAluminum compounds can be easily found in the environment. Aluminum contamination is the environmental factor as one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the animal model, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induces inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation and oxidative stress are important pathogenesis pathways in the AD. This study was conducted to determine whether AlCl3 can impair spatial memory and induce senile plaques formation. A total of 24 young adult Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups; one control group and three AlCl3 treated groups with doses of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg, respectively for 8 weeks. The spatial memory test was measured using Morris water maze and the histopathology was done by identification of senile plaques formation in the hippocampal tissue. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at a p value < 0.05. This study showed that there are significant differences (p<0,05) between the control group and all the AlCl3 treatment groups in the memory test, however, there is no change in the senile plaque’s expression in all groups. Administration of AlCl3 for 8 weeks can cause the impaired of spatial memory without senile plaques formation