Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) in The Use of Aspirin as Antirheumatoid Drugs
Get PDFTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is used in drug therapy for selected drugs with narrow therapeutic index, or a broad range of kinetics variation, or drugs with strong correlation between plasma concentration and clinical effects or toxicity. Aspirin is one of the widely used old generation drugs, with a broad range of activity spectrum: analgesic, antipyretic, antiâ€Âinflammatory, and antiplatelet. As antiâ€Âinflammatory drug, aspirin directed as therapy for many of chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis. As an antirheumatic agent, aspirin shows a wide variation in the pharmacokinetic of aspirin metabolism, and has a narrow therapeutic index because it effectives at concentration of 10â€Â30 mg/dl, but at more than 40 mg/dl intoxication occurs (metabolic acidosis, hyperpnea, and death). Those are why aspirin use as antirheumatic agent need therapeutic drug monitoring, so that doctors can guarantee that plasma aspirin concentration is in the therapeutic range, to achieve optimilization of therapy with minimal side effects. This article reveals about use of aspirin as antirheumatoid drugs and why therapeutic drug monitoring is needed in aspirin use (Sains Medika, 4(2):210â€Â226)
A Child with Tethered Cord Syndrome
Get PDFTethered Cord Syndome (TCS) refers to a group of neurological disorders related to malformations of the spinal cord, pulling of the spinal cord at the base of spinal canal. Tethered cord syndrome can be seen at any age but most often during childhood. A few children complain of diffuse pain in lower extremitiesor urological symptoms, 20% - 30 % of the patients will have a neurogenic bladder. A 9 years old girl, complained to have a flank pain and eneuresis. A mass is palpable at right flank. Ultrasound revealed duplex hydronephrosis and hydroureter with trabeculated bladder. Voiding Cystouretrography showed grade V vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and neurogenic bladder appearance. Lumbosacral MRI demonstrated tethered cord with adjacent lipoma and spina bifida (Sains Medika, 4(1):89-96)
The Role of Vitamin in the Nutrition of Premature Infants
Get PDFVitamin is an organic compound required as a vital nutrient in tiny amounts. Premature infants are at risk of vitamin deficiency than mature infants, due to inadequate transplacental transport, inadequate storage, and increased tissue utilization. Infant that are born prematurely have a low amount of stored vitamin in their body. The amount that is stored is quickly used as the infant grows. So, vitamin is a very important for development of premature infants. In this review examines the role of vitamin in the nutrition of premature infants (Sains Medika, 4(1):97-111)
Efficacy Assessment of Lemon Peel Aromatherpy Againts Airborne Bacteria Experimental Study in ICU Room of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang
Get PDFBackground: Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are infections acquired in health care centers such as hospital, clinic or other health care sites due to microorganisms. Research conducted by WHO showed 3-10% of all patients treated in hospitals were victims of HAI and 90% were mainly caused by bacteria, the rest by viruses, fungi or protozoa. Lemon peel aromatherapy is one of the essential oils from plants having antimicrobial activity and are beneficial to health reducing bacterial growth by inhibiting the function of cell membranes. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of lemon peel aromatheraphy againts airborne bacteria.Design and Method: This experimental study used post test only control groups design. The number of airborne bacteria colonies obtained from ICU room of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang treated with lemon peel aromatherapy at the concentration of 100 % and the control group (-).The data were analyzed for normality using Shapiro Wilk followed by independent T-test Result: independent inT-test Independent showed a significant differences in the number of bacterial colonies between the treated groups receiving 100% concentration of lemon peel aromatherapy and control group (-) (p < 0.045).Conclusion: Aromatherapy extracts of lemon peel has effect on reducing the number of airborne bacteria in the ICU of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang (Sains Medika, 4(1):71-77)
Antioxidant Activity of The Crude Carotenoid Pigment Extract from Yellow Ambon Banana (M. parasidiaca sapientum) Peel: Its Potency as Vitamin A Supplement
Get PDFBackground: Carotenoid pigment is one of the promising sources of provitamin A because it has been shown to have capacity to be converted into vitamin A by the body. This present study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity in vitro using the DPPH and assessing the encapsulation of the crude carotenoid pigment extracted from Musa parasidiaca sapientum peel.Method: The total vitamin A carotenoid in the banana peel was assessed using the double beam Varian Cary 50 spectrophotometer at 470 nm. Then it was converted to microgram per gram of the banana peel using the NAS-NRC equation. The extraction was conducted using acetone. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (1.1-difenil-2-dipikrilhidrazil). The antioxidant activity of carotenoid crude extract was compared to that of marker â-karoten antioxidant (E-Merck, No. 1.02236). IC50 values were calculated using the regression formula. The dried carotenoid crude extract was encapsulated with dextrin filler.Result: The water content level of ambon banana was 50.68 % ± 3.35 %. The peel of the yellow ambon banana has a total carotenoid of 6.203 ± 0.004 μg/g. The converted carotenoid vitamin A was 124.06 ± 0.08 IU. The IC50 value of the yellow ambon banana crude extract was 2350.3 ppm meaning higher than the marker â-caroten (565.76 ppm). The encapsulation technique increased the pigment stabilization of the yellow ambon banana which will be used for vitamin A supplement.Conclusion: The crude extract of carotenoid pigment of the yellow ambon banana peel has an antioxidant potential although it is less efficient compared to that of â-carotene. The IC50 value of the crude extract of carotenoid pigment of the yellow banana ambon is 2350.3 ppm, higher than marker â -caroten (Sains Medika, 4(1):78-88)
Diagnostic Value of Direct Antibiotic Susceptibility Test for Faster BacterialSusceptibility Reporting in Bacteremia
Get PDFBackground: Rapid and accurate information on susceptibility of bacteria causing bacteraemia is very helpful in sepsis management. Blood culture is the gold standard for bacteraemia diagnosis. Standard antibiotic susceptibility testing needs at least three days for completion while direct method can give the result a day earlier. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of direct antibiotic susceptibility testing in blood culture.Methods: Bloods from positive BACTEC bottles which met inclusion and exclusion criteria were put into sterile tubes and centrifuged. The pellets were then used to make 0.5 McFarland bacterial suspensions and directly used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Interpretations of direct method were compared to standard method to count sensitivity, specificity, sensitive predictive value, resistant predictive value, accuracy, and kappa value.Results: From 58 samples (containing 22 gram negative, 36 gram positive bacteria), there were 309 total antibiotic susceptibility tests. Direct method showed sensitivity, specificity, sensitive predictive value, resistant predictive value, accuracy, and kappa value of 89.3%, 92.9%, 93.8%, 87.8%, 86.4%, and 0.82, respectively.Conclusion: Direct antibiotic susceptibility testing has a good agreement with the standard method so it can aid faster antibiotic susceptibility reporting in bacteraemia (Sains Medika, 4(2):174-181)
The Potency of Bixa orellana Seedcouts Extract’s as Antiimflamation Drug
Get PDFBackground: Bixin is an orange-yellow carotenoid derived from the outer seed coats of annatto (Bixa orellana L.), which antioxidant activity. However, the use of this colorant in drug potency as antiimflamatory have been explored yet. The effect of crude extract from the outer seed coats of annatto on the inflammatory was investigated to determine its antiimflamation potency.Design and Method: This study was post test only control group design. Twenty four mice is selected randomly then divided into four groups, KI (extract 0.09 mg), K.II (extract 0.18 mg dose), K.III (aspirin 90 mg), and K.IV (CMCNa 0.125%). Oedema volume was measured before injection karagenin 1%, two, 2.5, three and four hours after injection karagenin. The mean reduction in inflammation were tested by one way anova and pos hoc LSD. Result: Greatest reduction in inflammation indicated by K.III (0.100 ml), then in K.II (0.067 ml), KI (0.072 ml), and lowest in K.IV (-0.017 ml). Differences in the reduction of inflammation significantly different between KI and K.II K.IV; and K.III whereas no significant difference was found between KI and K.III K.II.Conclusion: The extract of the outer seed coats of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) have antiimflamantory activity in mice that was induced by karagenin 1% (Sains Medika, 4(2):134-141)
Pengaruh Berbagai Faktor Eksternal terhadap Stabilitas Pigmen Bixin dari Selaput Biji Kesumba (Bixa orellana L.) Potensi sebagai Pewarna Alami Makanan
No full textUji Efikasi Obat Nyamuk Bakar dengan D-Allethrin 0,2% terhadap Vektor Malaria di Desa Gembong, Kecamatan Kandangserang, Kabupaten Pekalongan
No full textFluid Balance, Interferon-Gamma, Interleukin- 12 and Tumor Necrosis as predictive factors of Survival in Severe Sepsis
Get PDFBackground: The cardiovascular derangements of severe sepsis in human include arteriolar, venular dilation, capillary leak, and immunomodulatory response. Intravascular volume replacement during resuscitation most frequently converts the circulation to a high-out put hypotensive state. We hypothesized that patients with severe sepsis had any predicting factors to survive than those who do not.Design and Method: Randomized Clinical Trials were conducted of 110 patients suffered from severe sepsis in ICU/HCU. Admission APACHE II, SOFA scores, IFN- , IL-12, TNF-á, and fluid balance were computed from the extracted data. Patients allowed to severe sepsis treatment according with the International Consensus Committee. Summary estimates using both the Mantel-Haenszel test and precision based approaches were computed for statistical analysis.Result: Of 110 patients ranged in age from 46 to 71 years with a mean (± SE) age of 63.45 ± 3.97 years. The mean admission APACHE II score was 25.96 ± 3.65; and the day 1 SOFA score was 9.57 ± 1.24. Twenty one patients did not survive, Non-survival had higher mean APACHE II than survivals (29.85 vs 20.46), respectively (p 500 mL on > of the first 3 days of treatment survived (RR 5.0; 95% CI : 2.3 to 10.7, p < 0.0001).Conclusion: These results suggest that at least 1 day of negative fluid balance (<-500mL), IFN- , IL-12, and TNF-á may be a good independent predictors of survival in patients with severe sepsis. These findings suggest the hypothesis that four independent predictors of severe sepsis portend a good prognosis for a larger prospective study (Sains Medika, 4(1):13-22)