Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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The Difference in Clinical Reasoning Competence between Pre-Clinical Students and Clinical Students on Pediatric Tropical Disease Cases
Get PDFIntroduction: Clinical reasoning is a thinking process happened when various informations gathered from clinical cases were given or met by medical students, and used for formulating diagnosis and solving patients problems. Experiences and material inputs are important factors affecting clinical reasoning. Various theories explained that students on pre-clinical and clinical rotation level are still on the novice stage, so it is possible to have similar stage on clinical reasoning. On the other hand, it was reported that there are differences in clinical reasoning on different academic stages. Objective: knowing the differences of clinical reasoning on preclinical students and clinical students.Method: observational study with cross sectional design. Respondents of this study were 120 students from medicine faculty of Sultan Agung Semarang University, comprised of: 60 preclinical students whom have been underwent tropical disease modul batch 2011 and 60 clinical rotation students on pediatric stage. Respondents answered 20 items questions in Script Concordance Test (SCT) form on pediatric tropical disease cases. SCT items were prepared by pediatricians, structures and contents were reviewed by medical education experts and concordanced by 10 experts of pediatric unit. Value differences between 2 groups were statistically analyzed using Mann Whitney U on SPSS 16.0, with acceptable error accepted level if p<0.05. Result: non parametric result test by Mann-whitney showed that mean score of SCT on preclinical group were lower (8,57;+ 1,81) than on clinical rotation students 11,49 (+ 1,98) p = 0,000. Conclusion: clinical reasoning competence measured by SCT is higher on clinical rotation students compared to pre clinical students
The Correlation between Duration of Employment, Body Posture and Smoking Habit on Low Back Pain Incidence An Analytic Observational Study Among Taxi Driver in Semarang Municipality
Get PDFIntroduction: Low back pain ((LBP) ranks as number two of neurological disease’s highest prevalence after cephalgia and migraine in Indonesia. Objective: This study aim to determine the relationship between duration of employment, body posture and smoking habit on the incidence of low back pain on taxi driver. Method: This research is an observational analytic cross sectional design. Seventyfour taxi drivers in Semarang municipality was screened with Beck’s Depression Inventory Scale to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were then given Risk Factor of LBP questionnaire. Data were analyzed with a bivariate correlation test contingency coefficient to see the relationship between duration of employment, body posture, smoking habit and low back pain.Result: the taxi driver with duration of employment >10 years were moderate smokers and having astenis body posture. The analysis of correlation coefficients contingency test showed a significance relationship between duration of employment (p = 0,000), body posture (p = 0,000), and moderate smokers (p=0.010) with the incidence of LBP. Conclusion: the taxi driver with duration of employment >10 years with astenis body posture, and moderate smokers were posstively correlated with LBP
The Polyphenolics and Health Effects of Pomegranate
Get PDFPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a useful fruit which mostly consumed as fresh fruit and can also be used as a various of processed products. Reports proved pomegranate were beneficial to health. Polyphenolic compounds in pomegranate especially ellagitannin (hydrolyzed), anthocyanins, gallotannin,and ellagic acid can maintain oral hygiene, healthy skin from the effects of free radicals caused by UV radiation, has the ability to synthesize cholesterol, destroying free radicals in the human vascular system and can prevent prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo test has shown the fruit is acting as anti diabetic drug, and hypolipidemic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, anti inflamation, and antiviral. This review presenting an overview about the bioactive compound contents, physiological and health function of the fruit
Infection Prevention Behavior of Salon Service Giver in Region Semarang Municipality
Get PDFInfectious disease ranks first in the cause of morbidity in the developing countries including Indonesia especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. One of theleading infectious disease is hepatitis B that ranks ninth in the most leading cause of death. There are various cause of the spread of the disease includinglack of understanding in the infection measures including by the service giver of salon. Infection prevention behavior was caused by its service salon. Thepurpose of this study was to know the behavior in preventing infection of salon service giver in Semarang municipality. The study was a cross sectionalstudy, the independent variables were age, education, knowledge, attitude, infrastructure, supervisor support, and attitudes of service giver friend. Whilethe dependent variable was the behavior in the infection prevention measures. The sample was 50 salon service giver conducted with a purposive samplingmethod. The data analysis used chi-square and logistic regression. The result showed that there was a relationship between age, education, service giverfriend and infection prevention behavior, but there was no relationship between knowledge, attitude, infrastructure, supervisor support and infectionprevention behavior. The most influencing factor in infection preventing behavior was partner support of salon service giver (p=0,0002;OR =45.5). It isrecommended that salon owner provide tools used in accordance with the requirements/number of customers and make sure that to always take steps toprevent infections such as using schort, gloves
Infective Endocarditis in 60 Years Old Man at Dr. Kariadi Hospital
Get PDFInfective endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart, particularly the cusps of valves characterized by fever and heart murmur, with or without malaise and fatigue. Clinical features can be divided into early manifestations of infection, embolic events, and late complications of sepsis and inflammation. It was reported that 60 years old man was brought to Kariadi hospital with prolong febris as his chief complaint. Patient has history of high grade fever and accompanied by weight loss, 3 kilograms for about 2 months. From physical examination result, in internal ward, we found he looked moderate ill. Heart systolic bruit at triscupidal valve and lungs were within normal limit. The result of blood culture from 3 different sites and throat swab culture were possitive, lead to the performance Streptococcus b haemolyticus’s colonies. From the result of the ASTO, Echocardiography and physical examination show infective endocarditis’s sign. The theraphy was Ceftriaxone 2 gram daily. Having obtained the results of negative cultures, and show an improvement of symptoms, finally the patient was getting improvement clinically and then treat as an outpatient. Patient was programmed to get Ceftriaxone 2 gram daily for 4 weeks. The decision of treatment not only from clinical manifestation but also from microbiology examination on the first admission in emergency unit. Blood culture with 3 bottles, interval 30 minutes is important for infective endocarditis. Furthermore, swab of throat area were taken to confirm for endocarditis cultures too. Finally there is no growth in culture until eighth day hospitalizasition. Spesific method on blood culture sampling is important to confirm the diagnostic of infective endocarditis and very useful for the clinicians to do the right clinical management for it. Subsequently, the role of clinical microbiologist in this case not only to support the clinical diagnostic but also the treatment in term of selecting of right antibiotic
The Effects of Chronic Exposure to Airport Related Noise on Blood Pressure (A Case Study of area nearby Ahmad Yani International Airport, Semarang)
Get PDFThe chronic exposure of airport related noise can lead to decreased quality of health and is a risk faktor of disease. Noise can stimulate physiological response to cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure. The increase in blood pressure can be used as indicator of disturbance of the cardiovascular system. Ahmad Yani Airport is an international airport with a high mobility, thus people living near, are susceptible and have a risk for decreased quality health. Thus, the purposes of this study was to determine the effects of chronic noise exposure of airport related noise on the blood pressure. The study was an observational analytic cross-sectional study. This research was conducted in the area near Ahmad Yani Airport in Semarang, which is located on Perumahan Cakarawala (± 1000m) and Perumahan Semarang Indah (± 5000m). Total of 60 respondents were randomly included in the study. Noise is measured with a Sound Level Meter (SLM) Extech Type 70 335 with Leq measurement method (Equivalent Continous Noise Level) for 24 hours (Lsm). The preliminary questionnaire was distributed to fulfill the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The blood pressures were evaluated using the mercury Spygmomanometer, before and after exposure (flight activity). Data were analyzed with dependent t test. Noise measurements indicated that the Perumahan Cakrawala II had ahigh noise exposure above the noise level standards (NAB) of 69 dBA (Lsm > NAB 55dBA), while the Perumahan Semarang Indah has noise exposure at 51 dBA below the NAB. The results indicated that the chronic noise exposure of flight activity had significant effect on blood pressure (p = 0.00). The increase in blood pressure among Perumahan Cakrawala II respondents was higher (systolic: by 83.3%), diastolic: by 59.9%) compared to Perumahan Semarang Indah (systolic: by 69.9%, diastolic : by 49,9%). In conclusion, exposure to chronic noise due to flight activity significantly affected blood pressure
The Effect of Honey on Plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level onAlloxan-Induced hyperglycemic Rats An Experimental studies in rats Galur Wistar White Males
Get PDFMalondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of lipid peroxidation and a marker of free radicals. Honey is a safe sweetener proven to lower blood glucose level and contains flavonoids, vitamin A, C, E as a source of antioxidant that can capture free radicals. This study aims to determine the effect of honey on plasma MDA level ionalloxan-induced hyperglycemicrats. This was an experimental study with post-test only control group design conducted for 25 days using 18 white male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups randomly. A negative control group, group B were given honey orally at the dose of 0.54 ml/mice/day, and group C were given honey orally at the of dose 0.9 ml/head/day. Each group consisted of 6 rats. Blood plasma MDA was evaluated by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) test assay. One way ANOVA analysis test followed post hoc were applied for data analysis. The results showed that mean levels of MDA in group A, B, and C were 6.02 mmol/l ± 0.36, 4.37 mmol/± 0.30, and 1.12 mmol/l ± 0.11 respectively. Bivariate analysis One way ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p<0,05). Post hoc tests showed a significant differences between the study groups (p<0,05). It can be concluded that honey had an effect on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood plasma of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats
Relationship between Family History of Hypertention and Autonomic Nervous System Activity
Get PDFThe most common hypertension is essential hypertention influenced by genetic factors. Autonomicic nervous activity is influenced by several factors including genetic. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family history of hypertension and autonomic nervous system activity. In this observational analytic cross sectional study, out of 124 a students of the Medical Faculty, University Islam Sultan Agung Semarang 44 students were included using simple stratified method consisting of 22 men and 22 women aged over 20 years. The subjects were asked for family history of hypertension, orthostatic and valsalva examination. 25 students (56.8%) had a family history of hypertension and experienced imbalance of autonomic nervous activity. Out of 19 students (43.2%) without a history of hypertension, 10 people (22.7%) had a balance of autonomic nervous system activity and 9 people (20.5%) experienced imbalance of autonomic nervous system activity. Fisher correlation test results showed a significant association (p < 0.05) and correlation test of Lamda resulted in p value of 0.100, indicating a very week positive correlation. The study concludes that there was a correlation between a family history of hypertension and on autonomic nervous system activity with a very weak relationship
Nutrition Therapy in Elderly with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Get PDFNutrition is an important health element for elderly people and influence aging process. Malnutrition prevalence is increasing in this population. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the chronic diseases in elderly that is related to malnutrition. The association between malnutrition and pulmonary disease (including COPD) has been known for a long time. Malnutrition has negative impacts on pulmonary structure, elasticity, and function, strength and endurance of respiratory muscles, pulmonary immunity defense mechanism, and breath control. Inversely, pulmonary disease (including COPD) will increase energy need and may reduce dietary intake. Nutrition intervention in COPD patient is intended for regulating anorexia, improving pulmonary function, and controlling weight loss. Nutrient requirements will be calculated according to the results of nutrition assessment. This article will discuss about nutrition therapy in elderly with COPD. It describes respiratory system in aging, association COPD and nutrition, and nutrition assessment, as well as nutrition intervention in elderly people with COPD
Factors Affecting Implementation of Decree of Ministry of Health No. 2562/ MENKES/ PER/ XII/2011 on Jampersal (Maternity Insurance) Technical Guideline in Independet Midwifery Practice in Semarang Municipality
Get PDFProvide financial guarantees for service delivery (Jampersal), the government established the program with the Regulation of the Minister of Health Minister Regulation No. 2562/ Menkes/ Per/XII/2011 on Technical Guidelines for Delivery Guarantee. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affect the implementation Permenkes 2562/Menkes/Per/XII/2011 Number of Technical Guidance Delivery Guarantee in Semarang Independent Midwives Practice. The method approach used in this study is a qualitative sociological research juridical, Specifications. This is a descriptive research study. Technical factors such as health facilities are factors that affect the implementation of the labor warranty. Delivery Guarantee service is good and the maximum is influenced by many factors such as health workers. Health personnel especially midwives are the main factors in service delivery assurance. Provisions of medicines in service delivery assurance in Independent Practice Midwife Semarang are still having problems. Jampersal huge cost on hospitals and midwifery practices vary independently. Juridical factors, among others, have made the law of warranty service delivery as a midwife practice internal self- regulation, which includes service procedures, assignment of medical personnel. The scope of midwifery includes antenatal care, maternity (high risk), childbirth, newborns, family planning, and management of complications in obstetrics