Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Not a member yet
225 research outputs found
Sort by
Aspirin as a Chemopreventive Agent for Cancer: a New Hope?
Get PDFIntroduction: inflammation has been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Inflammatory process activates the immune system through pro-inflammatory mediators and subsequent triggers transformation into malignant cells. Some tumors or cancers has been associated with chronic infections, such as hepatitis B and C viruses (hepatocellular carcinoma), human papilloma virus (cervical cancer), Helicobacter pylori (gastric cancer and lymphoma), and prostatitis (prostate cancer). A considerable study have investigated the benefits of aspirin for the prevention and treatment of cancer or tumors. Objectives: This paper aims to describe the relationship between inflammation and cancer incidence, so that use of aspirin as an anti-inflammatory agent is a rational choice in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Conclusion: Aspirin potential for chemoprevention of various types of cancer. Considering the high risk of side effects of aspirin, aspirin is not intended as a routine therapy to prevent the occurrence of cancer
Diagnostic Study on Identification Method of Enterobacteriaceae Directly from Blood Culture
Get PDFIntroduction: The provision of rapid diagnosis results from positive blood cultures is important for clinical management of sepsis. Using conventional method as a reference method in laboratory, time needed for bacterial identification are 24 hours longer because it has to deal with primary isolation step. Objectives: This study investigated the accuracy of direct inoculation technique of bacteria from positive blood culture vials to biochemical test tubes without primary isolation step to identify Enterobacteriaceae, second most common causative agent of sepsis.Methods: The study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University. This is a diagnostic study. As the study sample, blood cultures in BACTEC bottles from Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang with bacterial growth in it. Inclusion criteria was Gram-negative rod bacteri, staining results from BACTEC blood culture bottles, and as a exclusion criteria, there are more than one colony found on blood agar and Mac Conkey agar and showed positive result in oxidation test. Identification of bacteria based on biochemical table of Enterobacteriaceae. Data were analyzed with a 2x2 table.Results: Thirty two samples included in this study. Ten samples (31%) were excluded. Twenty one from twenty two (95%) study samples accurately identified to the genus level by direct inoculation method.Conclusion: The results showed that the direct inoculation method provides an acceptable genus identification, with a potential saving of 24 hours compared with conventional methods
The Correlation between Medical Personnel’s Attitude and Pap Smear Examination Practice at Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital Semarang
Get PDFIntroduction: Cervical cancer is still ranked in the first place of those diseases most commonly developing in Indonesian women. It is predicted that 41 new cases occur every day, and around 20 people every day pass away of it. Cervical cancer keeps increasing because the coverage of screening through pap smear examination is low. Objective: This research aims at discovering the correlation between medical personnel’s attitude and practice of pap smear examination at Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung (RISA) Semarang. Methods: The study is observational research using cross sectional design with a sample of 38 medical personnel taken randomly from 273 personnel as its population in RISA Semarang. The data are taken using questionnaire and interview with respondents, and the obtained data are analyzed using univariate and bivariate tests, using chi-square test, at a significance level < 0.05. Result: the percentage of medical personnel having regular pap smear practice is higher in medical personnel with good attitude (66.7%) compared to those with poor attitude (17.6%). The data analysis using Chi Square statistic test indicates a significant difference, p = 0.003.Conclusion: the results of this reseach show that pap smear is more commonly done by those medical personnel with good attitude than those with poor attitud
Performance Appraisal in Pharmacy Department Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital by Balanced Scorecard Approach on Internal Business Perspectives
Get PDFBackground: Performance appraisal using Balanced Scorecard on internal business process perspective offers a comprehensive solution for performance appraisal in public organization especially in a hospital. Objective: to study the performance of pharmacy department in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital using Balanced Scorecard from internal business perspective. Methods: Object of the study is the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital installation of pharmacy. This research is a descriptive observational study. Data were obtained prospectively and then categorized and grouped as quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data were gathered from in depth interview with head of pharmacy department Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital. Quantitative data were gathered from direct observation on drugs prescription surveys.Result : Performance perspective on internal business process include: a. Level of availability of drugs in pharmacy department Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital is good with average 98%, b. Level of outpatients admittance in installation of pharmacy Sultan Agung Islamic hospital indicated the average of 66%, it means that installation of pharmacy have lost customers for outpatients as much as 34%.Conclusion: Performance in pharmacy installation of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital is not in a good criteria, therefore improvement is needed
Acute Toxicity Test of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) on Liver and Kidney of Switzerland Mice
Get PDFIntroduction: The soursoup leaves extract (Annona muricata) has widely been used as traditional medicine for cancer. No studies have been conduct to investigate the safety of the extract. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity test of soursoup leaves extract (Annona muricata) on Swiss mice’s liver and kidney.Methods: Twenty four mice were divided into 4 groups. Group I was control group, while group II-IV was given soursoup leaves extract as single dose orally via sonde. The mice were obsereved until day 7 to determine the LD50 and at the end were terminated to collect the liver and kidney. The organs later were made into histopathology slides. The slides read with light microscope. The data analyzed with ANOVA and was considered significant at p<0.05.Results: All mice were alive during the 7 days observation and no mice showing the toxic spectrum after the dosing. Microscopically, no damage on the liver and kidney organ among the groups.Conclusion: The LD50 of soursoup leaves extract is more than 2000 mg/kgBW. This result indicate that the extract is practically non toxic and do not damage the liver and kidney
The Relationship between Characteristics of Cerebospinal Fluid and Tuberculous Meningitis detected using Real Time PCR
Get PDFIntroduction: Tuberculosis (TB) carries a high morbidity and mortality, however, its diagnosis can be difficult due to low concentration of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although increased CSF protein, decreased CSF glucose; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis with mononuclear cells predominance are commonly used to diagnose TB infection, they show inconsistent results.Objectives: To analyze the relationship between several characteristics of the CSF and TB meningitis.Methods: This is an observational research, with a cross sectional design, 27 patients with TB meningitis and or meningoencephalitis with Thwaites diagnostic score ≤ 4 obtained from mecidal records. The definitive diagnosis of TB meningitis was made using the Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining and or culture TB, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with the target in IS6110, Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN) culture method. Characteristics of CSF including increased CSF protein, decreased CSF glucose, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis with mononuclear cells predominance and the CSF abnormalities were evaluated in the laboratory of molecular microbiology of Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University/dr Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang. The statistical analysis used was prevalent ratio (RP).Results: Over 27 patients, 12 (44.4%) were diagnosed with definite TB meningitis. Statistical analysis showed that prevalence ratio of the increased levels of protein CSF was 3.143 (95% CI: 0.502 to 19.692), decreased glucose levels was 1.750 (95% CI: 0.501 to 6.112), pleocytosis with a predominance of mononuclear cells was 2.5 (CI 95% : 1.238 to 5.048), whereas the CFS abnormality was RP 2.2 (95% CI: 1.087 to 4.454).Conclusion: This study has shown that pleocytosis with mononuclear cells predominance and CFS abnormalities have a positive relationship with definite TB meningitis
Does Androgen Hormone Influences Sexual Orientation?
Get PDFNow days lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender are abbreviated as LGBT is the most popular word and being sensible in the world, especially in Indonesia. Based on human right principles, any person in the world including in Indonesia is free to express their gender identity and sexual orientation, even the same sex marriage, freely from unlawful discrimination and violations (Office of Personnel Management, 2015; Yogyakarta Principles, 2006). However, because of the culture and religion differences backgrounds, Indonesians have given this issue various responses. In general, Indonesian public opinion on LGBT are split into two different groups, one minority group is proponent to present of LGBT and any things related to it, and another majority groups are opponent. Objective of this editorial is to discuss how sexual orientation develop from prenatal until emerging of clinical manifestation in adulthood, by no mean to support either group. Otherwise, to give more insight about how male and female get their appropriate sexual orientations and why some of them get inappropriate sexual orientations
Effect of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) Using Zam-zam Solvent Compare with Ethanol Solvent Against Breast Cancer Cell T47D
Get PDFIntroduction: Curcuma zedoaria is one of the herbal plants potentially protects and cures many diseases, particularly as anti-cancer and anti-tumor. Anti-cancer active compounds of it are flavonoid, phenolic, and saponin. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity of Curcuma zedoria extract (CZE). Methods: Experimental Quasi with post test non equivalent control group design on T47D cell line at Biology laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang. The research was consisted of 2 groups, namely: intervention group with CZE zam-zam solvent and intervention group with CZE ethanol solvent given 10 different dosages each for 1.000 μg/mL; 500 μg/mL; 250 μg/mL; 125 μg/mL; 62.5 μg/mL; 31.25 μg/mL; 15.62 μg/mL; 7.81 μg/mL; 3.90 μg/mL; 1.95 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity test of IC50 using direct counting method and analyzed by probit analysis. Results: IC50 value of CZE in zam-zam and ethanol solvent were 28.24 μg/ml and 13.71 µg/ml respectively at the same 24 hours incubation period. Chi-square test revealed p value was 0.000 (α = 0.05), meaning that there was significant relationship. Conclusion: CZE activity using ethanol is highly active while CZE using zam-zam water is moderate and both of them have the toxicity on breast cancer cell. As the result, apoptosis process may occur
The Effect of Fasting on the Concentration of Enzimatic Antioxidants (Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase) in Rats
Get PDFÂ Introduction: Consumption of excessive calories can increase the incidence of degenerative diseases mediated by ROS. Caloric restriction, have been shown to increase levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Gluthatione Peroxidase (GPx). Fasting like Ramadan fasting (FLRF) is a form of calorie restriction, but its effect on levels of SOD and GPx remains unclear. Objectives: to investigate the effect of fasting on levels of SOD and GPx. Methods: in a post-test only control group design, sample of 24 rats Sprague Dawley Rats aged 3-month-old, weighing 250-300 grams, were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (P-70), 2 (P-100), and 3 (P-140) were fasted for 6 hours/day, each group received of 70%, 100% and 140% calories respectively. Group 4 (C-AL) received 100% calories, ad libitum. Day 16 blood was taken and levels of SOD and GPx were determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs, followed by post hoc LSD tests, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: the results showed that the levels of SOD and GPx occur significant differences between the groups, p = 0.000. The test results post hoc SOD (318.64) and GPx (89.16) group P-70, compared with group C-AL (278.60 and 57.20) was significantly higher (p = 0.00). SOD and GPx P-70 group compared with the group P-140 (92.03 and 48.79), significantly higher (p = 0.00). Compared with group P-100 (296.70 and 75.71) SOD and GPx in group P-70 was significantly higher, p = 0.000. Conclusion: Fasting with calorie intake of 70% and 100% for 15 days can increases levels of SOD and GPx in male rats
Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulb Skin Extract on Urea and Creatinine Levels in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia Wistar Rat
Get PDFBackground: Garlic bulb skin extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, quinone and polyphenol. Garlic bulb skin is a waste of garlic bulb which has not been optimally used so far for medical purpose. Objective: to discover the influence of garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulb skin extract on urea and creatinine levels in alloxan-induced hyperglycemia wistar rat. Methods: Experimental research using post-test control group design and its statistic analysis using Kruskal Wallis followed with Mann Witney test. The hyperglychemia rat is made by inducing alloxan at a single dose of 160 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) intraperitoneally. The garlic bulb skin extract doses used are 200mg/200gBW, 400mg/200gBW, and 800mg/200gBW for 14 days. The blood is sampled through vena orbitalis which is tested for its urea and creatinine levels.Results: The urea test in hyperglychemia rat administered with 200mg/200gBB garlic bulb skin extract (average urea level 88.87 mg/dL) has no differencce from the negative group (p>0.05), while the 400mg/200gBB and 800mg/200gBB doses (average urea levels 41.86 mg/dL and 41.96 mg/dL) show significant difference (p<0.05). The creatinine test shows significant influence (p<0.05) in extract dose of 400mg/200gBB (average creatinine level 1.16 mg/dL).Conclusion: it can be concluded that garlic bulb skin extract may have some influence in reducing urea level at 400mg/200gBB and 800mg/200gBB doses and creatinine level at 400mg/200gBB dose