Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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The Effect of Green Tea Leaf Extract on Spatial Memory Function and Superoxyde Dismutase Enzyme Activity in Mice with D-galactose Induced Dimentia
Get PDFBackground: Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in pathogenesis of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. Green tea has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective activity.Objectives: to determine the effect of green tea extract on spatial memory function and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in mice with D-galactose induced dementiaMethods: An experimental study using "post test only control group design". Twenty male BALB/c Mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into 4 groups. Negative control group (NG) was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (150 mg/kg BW) once daily for 6 weeks. GT-90, GT-270, GT-540 were induced by D-galactose and orally administered with 90, 270, and 540 mg/kg BW of green tea extract once daily for 6 weeks. The spatial memory functions were assessed using Morris water maze and SOD enzyme activities were evaluated using ELISA. One-way Anova and Kruskal-Wallis were used for statistical analysis. Results: mean percentage of latency time in the GT-90 (35.29 (SD= 2.69)%), GT-270 (35.28 (SD= 2.62)%), and GT-540 (35.62 (SD=5.05)%) were significantly higher compared to that of NG (20.38 (SD = 3.21)%), p <0.05). SOD enzyme activity in the GT-270 (0.78 (SD = 0.07) U/ml) was significantly higher compared to that of NG (0.51 (SD = 0.01) U ml), p= 0.004).Conclusion: Green tea extract may improve spatial memory function and the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme in mice with D-galactose induced dementia.Introduction: Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in pathogenesis of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. Green tea has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective activity.Objective: to determine the effect of green tea extract on spatial memory function and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in mice with D-galactose induced dementia.Methods: An experimental study using “post test only control group designâ€. Twenty male BALB/c Mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into 4 groups. Negative control group (NG) was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (150 mg/kg BW) once daily for 6 weeks. GT-90, GT-270, GT-540 were induced by D-galactose and orally administered with 90, 270, and 540 mg/kg BW of green tea extract once daily for 6 weeks. The spatial memory functions were assessed using Morris water maze and SOD enzyme activities were evaluated using ELISA. One-way Anova and Kruskal-Wallis were used for statistical analysis.Results: mean percentage of latency time in the GT-90 (35.29 (SD= 2.69)%), GT-270 (35.28 (SD= 2.62)%), and GT-540 (35.62 (SD=5.05)%) were significantly higher compared to that of NG (20.38 (SD = 3.21)%), p <0.05). SOD enzyme activity in the GT-270 (0.78 (SD = 0.07) U/ml) was significantly higher compared to that of NG (0.51 (SD = 0.01) U ml), p= 0.004).Conclusion: Green tea extract may improve spatial memory function and the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme in mice with D-galactose induced dementia
Sterility of Gauze Packed in One and Three Layer Layer Parchment Paper
Get PDFIntoduction: Sterile gauze is one of the medical devices that are often used to prevent infection. Several things, one of them is materials for packaging, can affect the sterility of gauze. Parchment paper is one of the packaging materials for sterilization. The study was done to analyze the sterility of gauze packed with parchment paper one layer and three layers on the growth of microorganism.Method: This study was an experimental study with a quasi-experimental design. Samples were 60 gauze packed with one layer parchment paper and 60 gauze packed with three layers of parchment paper. The sterility of sterile gauze tested at weeks 0, 2 and 4. Results: There was no significant difference in the sterility of gauze packed with 1 layer of parchment paper on the growth of microorganisms at 0, 2, 4 weeks (p = 0.126). No significant difference in the sterility of sterile gauze packed with 3 layers of parchment paper at 0, 2, 4 weeks (p = 0.675). There was a significant difference in the sterility of sterile gauze packed with parchment paper 1 layer and 3 layers on the growth of microorganisms (p = 0.002).Conclusion There is a significant difference of sterile gauze packed with parchment paper 1 layer and 3 layers against the growth of microorganisms. The sterility of the packaged sterile gauze with a layer of parchment paper is better than the three layers
Effectiveness of Brown Algae Extract to Reduce Serum Malondialdehyde and Protein Carbonyl Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats
Get PDFIntroduction: Brown algae (Sargassum duplicatum) contains bioactive compound with natural antioxidant that may potentially decrease lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation process in diabetes mellitus. Objective: to prove the effectiveness of brown algae extract administration (150mg/kgBW; 300mg/kgBW and 450 mg/kGBW respectively) in reducing serum MDA and PCO levels in streptozotocin-induced sprague dawley rat. Methods: This experiment study used the post test only control group design. Twenty eight (28) Sprague dawley rats induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) 40 mg/kgBW (i.p) were divided into four groups (n=7). The first group was diabetic non treated group (control). The second to fourth groups were the diabetic rats which given brown algae extract (150mg/kgBW; 300mg/kgBW and 450 mg/kgBW respectively) for 30 days. Serum MDA and PCO levels were examined by using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA.Results: There were no significant differences in serum MDA levels among groups (p=0,405). However, serum PCO level in group administered with 450mg/kgBW of brown algae extract decreased significantly compared to control group (p=0.001), group administered with 150mg/kgBW (p=0.001) and 300mg/kgBW (p=0,037). Conclusion: Administration of brown algae extract did not decrease serum MDA levels significantly. Administration of 450mg/kgBW brown algae extract is effective to decrease serum PCO level significantly
Death in Patients with Regular Hemodialysis Due to CKD in RSUD Dr. Soedono Madiun Not Correlated to Various Risk Factors
Get PDFBackground: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) indicated by the inability of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis of the body.1 This causes the patient to undergo renal replacement therapy for life. Patients undergoing regular hemodialysis have a higher risk of death in the last 2 decades. The survival of hemodialysis patients is different because it is influenced by several factors, including age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, duration of hemodialysis and accompanying comorbid patients.Objective: To identify risk factors that affect mortality in patients with CKD undergoing regular hemodialysis.Method: This research is an observational research with case-control design. Research done in dr.Soedono Madiun Hospital in December 2016 with a sample size of 41 cases and 41 control. Data retrieved through the medical records of patients with CKD who undergo regular HD from January to November 2016. Data analysis was performed including analysis of univariate,  bivariate analysis using chi-square test with 95% CI, 5% significance level (α = 0.05) and analysis multivariste using logistic regression.Results: There was no significant relationship between age (p = 0.23; OR = 1.78; 95% CI 0.68 to 4.64), gender (p = 0.623; OR = 1.24; 95% CI 0, 49 to 3.18), long live HD (p = 0.12; OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.20 to 1.20), duration of HD (p = 0.81, OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.34 to 2.28), hypertension (p = 0.21; OR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.12 to 1.61), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.17; OR = 1 , 83, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.47), hemoglobin level (p = 0.26; OR = 1.66; 95% CI 0.68 to 4.05) and intradialitik complications (p = 0.81 , OR = 1.11; 95% CI 0.44 to 2.80) with mortality in patients with CKD.Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between age, gender, length undergoing hemodialysis, duration of HD, hypertension, diabetes, hemoglobin, and complications intradialitik in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in dr.Soedono Madiun Hospitals. Â
Nigella Sativa Seed Extract Ointment Increasing the Amount of Healing Fibroblast and Collagen on Balb/C Mice
Get PDFIntroduction: Untreated cuts in some period of time, caused by various reasons, can be a problem. Alternative therapy used to speed up the healing of the cut is Nigella Sativa (NS).Objective: to investigate the number of fibroblast and collagen by giving 40% and 60% NS seed extract on the cut.Methods: post test only control group design, 48 male balb/c strain rats were divided into 2 large groups, with each cage contained 24 rats. Each group then divided to 4. Each group is subdivided into 4. Nigella sativa seed extract ointment with a concentration of 40% (NS-40) and 60% (NS-60) smeared 3x daily for 7 days (fibroblasts) and 14 days (collagen). Evaluation derived from preparations using HE staining and Masson’s Trichrome respectively.Results: Mann Whitney analysis shows that the number of fibroblasts and collagen in the CG group, NS-40, and NS- 6 0 Higher than CN, P 0.05. While the number of collagen in CN-60 were significantly higher than CN-40, p<0.05.Conclusion : administration of Nigella sativa seed extract ointment with a concentration of 40% and 60% in cuts for 7-14 days increase the number of fibroblasts and collagen, resulting in a shorter healing period
Editorial
Get PDFJournal of Sains Medika (JSM), is the journal founded and issued by Faculty of Medicine Sultan Agung Islamic University (Unissula) in Indonesian version. The formation of JSM is as a form of responsibility of Faculty of Medicine Sultan Agung Islamic University as a media to provide publications in order to elevate sciences and technological developement. Research articles or other scientific manuscripts were produced by reseacher or group of academicians have no benefit if not published. Journal of Sains Medika as a young journal, feels that it is not easy to attract researcher or group academicians to submit their good and worthy manuscripts to JSM. It is plausible, considering majority of reseachers tend to submit their manuscripts to the accredited national journals or journals with international reputations.Therefore, in order to maintain JSM’s excellent quality, continuity to develop, and consistenly issued, all staff must have a determination and commitment for struggle. Indeed, we encounter a great challanges and obstacles to undertake JSM smoothly. However, until today these challenges and obstacles are taken over by all staff of JSM. Due to the great struggle of all staff, JSM have been existing for 8 years
Mixed Lung Cancer in 46 Years Old, Male Smoker, Untreated Patient
Get PDFLung cancer is a large heterogeneous family of malignancies, with tumors containing more than one subtype are very common. Over 50 different histologiÂcal variants are recognized within the WHO typing system. Small Cell Lung Cancer comprises approximately 20% of all lung cancers and exhibits a neuroendocrine phenotype while Non Small Cell Lung Carsinoma (NSCLC) lacks these features and makes up the remaining 80% of cases. This case was reported in view of the rarity of this combination of morphologic patterns. The incidence of c- SCLC (Combined- Small Cell Lung Carsinoma) has been reported ranging from less than 1% to 14.6% of all SCLC. Mixed lung cancer in untreated patients suggests a common endodermal origin for c-SCLC which contains small-cell and non-small-cell pulmonary tumors. Quoix et al found that presentation as a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is particularly indicative of a c-SCLC. Combined- Small Cell Lung Carsinoma contains a squamous cell and/or adenocarcinoma component. It’s becoming more important for pathologists to correctly subclassify NSCLC’s as distinct tumor entities, or as components of c-SCLC cause it’s more agrresive. A 46-year-old smoker man was referred because of rapid growth of a solitary nodule mass revealed by chest radiography with brain and limfonodes metastases. There was mixed histological feature including adenocarsinoma, squamous cell carsinoma and large cell carsinoma. The patient is dead after a few weeks later. It was revealed a panel immunohistochemistry stain (CK-7, CK-20, TTF-1, P63 and Chromoganin). It was concluded as c- SCLC
Stem Cell Mesenchymal Injection Increases Platelet-Derived Growth Factors Level and Percentage of Collagen in Third-Degree Burn injured Mice
Get PDFIntroduction: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been demonstrated to accelerate wound healing. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and collagen have an important role in wound healing. However, the effect of MSC on levels of PDGF and number of collagen has not been established. Objectives: To determine the effect of MSC on the levels of PDGF and the percentage of collagen in the burns healing. Methods: in this experimental study, 20 BALB /c mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (G-0) injected with 2 ml of distilled water and group 1 (G-1), Group 2 (G-2), and group 3 (G- 3) injected with MSC at the dose of 1 x 104, 2 x 104, and 4 x 104 respectively. The burn wound was made by attaching a metal nail that had been heated for 20 seconds at the feet of mice. Levels of PDGF on day 2 (PDGF-2) and 7 (PDGF-7) was assessed by ELISA, while on day 10 excision of skin was done to calculate the percentage of collagen. Results: There was a significant difference in the levels of PDGF-2, PDGF-7, and the percentage of collagen ( P <0.05). Posthoc analysis showed that the levels of PDGF-2, PDGF-7, and percentage of collagen in the G-2 and G-3 was significantly higher than that of G-0, p <0.05. While the levels of PDGF-2, PDGF-7, and the percentage of collagen in the G-3 was significantly higher than that of G-2 and G-1 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Injection of MSC at a dose of 2 x 1044 and 4 x 1044 increases the levels of PDGF and the percentage of collagen
Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) Infusion Increases Concentration of Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone in Male Rats
Get PDFIntroduction: Herbal remedies have been developed as a complementary therapy to increase sex hormones. The administration of the ethanolic extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) has been shown to increase spermatogenic cells, motility and morphology of sperm in mice. However, the effect of red ginger infusion on the level of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) has not been done. Objective: to examine the effect of red ginger infusion on LH and testosterone levels of male Wistar rats.Methods: The study was designed as an experimental post-test only control group design. Twenty four male Wistar rats of 200-250 g body weight aged + 3-4 months were divided into four groups. a control group (G-1) was given distilled water 2 ml/day. Group 2 (G-2), Group 3 (G-3), and group 4 (G-4) were treated with 10%, 20%, and 40% infusion by dissolving 2 ml of ginger in distilled water. On day 15, blood samples were taken and assayed for LH and testosterone.Results: The one-way ANOVA test showed difference in levels of LH and testosterone between groups (p <0.001). Post Hoc LSD test results showed that the levels of LH of G-1 (0350) was significantly lower than that of G-2 (1082), G-3 (1 253), and G-4 (0923), p <0.005. While the levels of testosterone in the G-1 (0.2718) significantly lower than the G-2 (0.7797), G-3 (0.8285), and the G-4 (0.9142) (p <0.005).Conclusion: red ginger infusion for 14 days can increase the levels of LH and testosterone in male rats
The Role of Antioxidant to Prevent Free Radicals in The Body
Get PDFAbstractAntioxidants are compounds that can counteract or reduce the negative impact oxidants in the body. Antioxidants work by donating an electron to compounds that are oxidant so that the oxidant compound activity can be inhibited. Antioxidants are classified into two, namely antioxidant enzymes and non-enzyme. Antioxidant enzymes as enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a non-enzyme antioxidant found in many vegetables and fruits, which include reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, E, β- carotene, flavonoids, isoflavones, flavones, antosionin, catechins, and isokatekin, and lipoic acid. Low antioxidant enzymes can be used as a marker of high levels of free radicals in the body. Following review aims to provide an overview of the role of antioxidants in preventing the formation of free radicals in the body