Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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Ramadan Fasting, Health, and Autophagy: Is There any Relationship?
Get PDFFasting, the voluntary abstinence from food intake for a certain period of time is a well-known practice in relation with spiritual purposes (Trepanowski, JF, 2010). Ramadan fasting (RF) is an obligation of Muslim across the world during the entire holy month of Ramadan. In this specified period, Muslim every day from dawn to dusk are prohibited to eat, drink, and sexual relation, by which Muslim seek an enhanced level of closeness to God (Alloh). This testament is referenced in the verse of Al Baqoroh 183 of Holy Qur’an: “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become righteousâ€. In addition to closeness, RF in the Islamic perspective also believed capable of improving human health as prophet of Mohammad (peace be upon him) said that “fasting makes you healthierâ€. However, to the benefit of RF during the entire month of Ramadan on health remain circumstantial. There is germane question regarding RF, whether or not RF can elicit benefits or otherwise will compromise health status and physical activity performances in fasted people, considering total calorie and fluid intake were reduced (Aziz AR, et al. 2012; Bouhlel E, et al. 2006). Accordingly, in the last two decades, the health effects of RF have recently been the subject of scientific research, not only in health outcome (Trepanowski, JF, 2010; Moro T, et al. 2016), but also in exercise performance (Aziz AR, et al. 2012)
The Role of Exercise and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Aging Process
Get PDFAging can be defined as the progressive accumulation of changes with time associated with increasing vulnerability to disease and death which accompanies advancing age. The time related changes are attributed to the aging process (Harman, 1981). There are growing evidences that a number of the detrimental free radicals reactions are continuously occur throughout the cells of the body constituting the prominent contributor to aging process (Harman, 1981). This theory was extended to mitochondrial theory of aging, suggesting that mitochondria as the main source and target of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in association with aging processes and degenerative diseases (Payne and Chinnery, 2015). Mitochondria has a pivotal roles in multiple cellular processes such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), apoptosis, b-oxidation of fatty acids, steroid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, intermediary metabolism, and cell signaling (Yin and Cadenas, 2015). Recent studies indicated that oxidative damage due to accumulation of ROS result from mitochondria production were associated with multiple pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and premature aging (Cedikova et al., 2016).Â
The Effect of Reality Therapy on the Level of Anxiety and Depression in Army Wife
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression, are the most common psychopathological symptoms among army wives living in Kopassus (Indonesian army special force) dormitory, with the prevalence of 15-40%. Proper management with reality therapy for anxious and depressed army wives living in Kopassus dormitory is needed.OBJECTIVE: to determine the effect of reality therapy on anxiety and depression levels in army wives in Kopassus Group 2 dormitory.METHODS: This study was designed as a randomized control trial pretest and post-test two group design. Sampling was done by simple random technique. Thirty subjects were divided into two groups. Control group received regular interview, while experimental group received reality therapy. Respondents were asked to fill out The Lie Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory questionnaire (L-MMPI), biodata, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale questionnaire (TMAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire (BDI). The Wilcoxon Rank Test and Mann-Whitney were applied for data analysis, with the significance level of p<0.05.RESULT: The Wilcoxon Rank Test in the TMAS (anxiety) and BDI (depression) showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The Mann-Whitney analysis of the anxiety and depression variables showed a significant difference between the reality therapy group and the control group (regular interview) (p <0.05). The experiment group has a TMAS and BDI score lower than that of the control group.CONCLUSION: The reality therapy is effective to lower the level of anxiety and depression in army wives.BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression, are the most common psychopathological symptoms among army wives living in Kopassus (Indonesian army special force) dormitory, with the prevalence of 15-40%. Proper management with reality therapy for anxious and depressed army wives living in Kopassus dormitory is needed.OBJECTIVE: to determine the effect of reality therapy on anxiety and depression levels in army wives in Kopassus Group 2 dormitory.METHODS: This study was designed as a randomized control trial pretest and post-test two group design. Sampling was done by simple randomtechnique. Thirty subjects were divided into two groups. Control group received regular interview, while experimental group received reality therapy.Respondents were asked to fill out The Lie Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory questionnaire (L-MMPI), biodata, the Taylor Manifest AnxietyScale questionnaire (TMAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire (BDI). The Wilcoxon Rank Test and Mann-Whitney were applied for data analysis, with the significance level of p<0.05.RESULT: The Wilcoxon Rank Test in the TMAS (anxiety) and BDI (depression) showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The Mann-Whitney analysis of the anxiety and depression variables showed a significant difference between the reality therapy group and the control group (regular interview) (p <0.05). The experiment group has a TMAS and BDI score lower than that of the control group.CONCLUSION: The reality therapy is effective to lower the level of anxiety and depression in army wives
Effect of Celery Extract Administration on 8-OHdG and Number of Foam Cell in Wistar Strain Rats With A High-Fat Diet
Get PDFBACKGROUND: A high fat diet, accompanied by high frequency eating, results in hyperlipidemia. One prevention for hyperlipidemia is administration of celery extract.OBJECTIVE: to explore the effect of celery extract on the level of 8-OHdG (8 -Hydroxy-2’-Deoxy Guanosine) and the number of foam cell.METHODS: Experimental studies with post-test only control group design used Wistar rats, administered with adrenaline and high-fat diet forhyperlipidemic induction.Total of 35 rats were divided into 5 groups: negative controls (Neg-G); positive control treated with simvastatin (Nor-G); ES25-G,ES50-G, and ES75-G group were treated with 25 mg/200 g BW, 50 mg/200 g BW, and 75 mg/200 g BW celery extract, respectively. The treatment was given for 30 days. The 8-OHdG level was determined by ELISA, whereas the number of foam cells was determined by histopathologic preparations with HE staining. Data analysis was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney.RESULTS: Mann-Whitney analysis showed levels of 8-OHdG in ES-25-G 12.13±0.21, ES-50-G 7.23±0.25, ES-75-G 4.41±0.45 significantly lowerthan the Nor-G 14.30±0.66, respectively p<0.001. The number of foam cells in the ES-25-G was 7.57±0.53, ES-50-G 6.57±0.79, ES-75-G 3.43±0.53,significantly lower than the Neg-G 13.57±1.27, respectively p<0.001.CONCLUSION: Celery extract capable of decreasing levels of 8-OHdG and the number of foam cells in Wistar rats induced with adrenaline and high-fatdiet
Development of Anti Acne Cream (w/o/w Multiple Emulsion) Containing Green Tea Leaf Waste
Get PDFBackground: To date, green tea leaf waste is not well utilized, the waste is remain considered as a waste. Previous studies found that green tea leaf waste still have a fairly high EGCG content. EGCG has benefits as an antibacterial. Utilization of green tea leaf waste started from formulation until the diversification of multiple emulsion w/o/w products has not been reported.Objective: To develop anti acne cream (W/O/W) multiple emulsion containing green tea leaf waste and evaluate its antibacterial activity against acne-inducing bacteria of Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes).Methods: Phase one of this research was green tea leaves was extracted by infundation and fractionation method using ethyl acetate and prepared in different concentration (1% to 6%). The second stage was ethyl acetate fraction of green tea leaf extract was tested for its antibacterial activity against P.acnes. Third stage was tested physical properties of formulation with w/o/w multiple emulsion.Results: The optimal antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of green tea leaf extract against P.acne was at the concentration of 6%, with inhibition zone of 32.6 mm ±0.57. The formula of w/o/w multiple emulsion loaded with green tea leaves waste of 6% active substance demonstrated a good physical properties which can spread 90.4 cm2 ± 0.03, pH 5.00 ± 0.02 and microscopic analysis showed multiple emulsion w/o/w.Conclusion: The concentration of 6% green tea leaf waste formulated in multiple emulsion had a good physical and antibacterial activity for a referred standard. It is necessary to test the stability of multiple emulsion formula
OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER TRANSPERITONEAL CESAREAN SECTION
Get PDFSurgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main complications that can increase morbidity and mortality in obese women after cesarean section. Surgical site infection can be caused by endogenous or exogenous factors. This was a case of a woman, G4P3A0, 32 years, after trans-peritoneal cesarean section for indications of breech presentation; primary uterine inertia; premature rupture + 22 hours with BMI = 30.80 kg/m2. This case report discusses how obesity causes surgical site infection and its management.Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main complications that can increase morbidity and mortality in obese women after cesarean section. Surgical site infection can be caused by endogenous or exogenous factors. This was a case of a woman, G4P3A0, 32 years, after trans-peritoneal cesarean section for indications of breech presentation; primary uterine inertia; premature rupture + 22 hours with BMI = 30.80 kg/m2. This case report discusses how obesity causes surgical site infection and its management
Comparison Between The Efficacy of Fentanyl Continuous Infusion and Intratechal Morphine for Pain After Cesarean Section
No full textBackground: Intrathecal morphine has been shown to be effective for pain after cesarean section with possible side effect including delayed respiratory depression, nausea vomiting and pruritus. Fentanyl continuous infusion fixed base infusion rate with disposable elastomeric pump is an alternative to intrathecal morphine but has not been been widely studied.Objective: to compare the effectiveness between fentanyl continuous infusion fixed base infusion rate using disposable elastomeric pump and intrathecal morphine.Methods: in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), 56 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: Morphine group (n=28): spinal anesthesia 10 mg Bupivacaine Heavy 0.5% + 100 mcg morphine; Fentanyl group (n=28): spinal anesthesia 10 mg Bupivacaine Heavy 0.5% + fentanyl continuous infusion 0.5 mcg/kg BW/hour using disposable elastomeric pump after delivery. Data analysis: Mann-Whitney test at the level of significance p<0.05.Results: Analgesic effect of Fentanyl group was as effective as that of Morphine group. NRS score difference was significant only in measurement taken 6 hours after surgery (p=0.034). Mean NRS score for Morphine and Fentanyl were 68±1.02 and 1.11±0.832, respectively. Both group were effective in preventing increased cortisol level measured 6 hours after surgery, mean value group Morphine and Fentanyl were 15.053±8.664 and12.162±8.623, respectively.There were no statistical significant difference between groups (p=0.114). No significant difference in side effect between the groups was found.Conclusion: Fentanyl continuous infusion 0.5 mcg/kg BW/hour using disposable elastomeric pump is as effective as intrathecal morphine 100 mcg/kg BW/hou
Results Characteristics of Lipid Profile Examination of Acute Ischemia Stroke Patients at RSUP Dr. Soedono Madiun, East Java
Get PDFIntroduction: Dyslipidemia as reflected in the results of lipid profile examination is among the most common abnormalities found in acute ischemic stroke patients. Studies assessing the characteristic of these results may provide a foundation for an effective plan of treatment and prevention to overcome the burden of the disease.Objective: To study the characteristic of the results of lipid profile examination among acute ischemic stroke patients at Dr. Soedono General Hospital, Madiun, East Java.Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data taken from the medical records of acute ischemic stroke inpatients at the Stroke Unit of Dr. Soedono General Hospital, Madiun, East Java admitted in January-December 2015. Results of lipid profile examination consisting of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were categorized as high, normal, and low based on their respective levels.Results: There were 72 subjects selected using simple random sampling. Level of total cholesterol was high in 52.78%, normal in 36.11%, and low in 11.11% of the subjects. Level of LDL was high in 54.17%, normal in 22.22%, and low in 23.61% of the subjects. Level of HDL was low in 31.94%, normal in 50.00%, and high in 18.06% of the subjects. Level of triglycerides was high in 26.39%, normal in 33.33%, and low in 40.28% of the subjects.Conclusion: Total cholesterol and LDL are generally high, HDL is generally normal, while triglycerides is generally low among acute ischemic stroke patients in Dr. Soedono General Hospital, Madiun, East Java
The effect of Gandarusa Leaf extract (Justicia gendarussa Burm F.) Administration on Estradiol Hormone Level and the Amount of Antral Ovarium Follicle on Female Mice
Get PDFBackground: Physiologically, woman experiencing aging characterized by menopause. Gandar usa leaf contains isof lavon, a phytoesterogen expected to be used as esterogen replacement therapy.Objective: the aim of this research is to investigate the administrative ef fect of gandar usa leaf extract on the increase of estradiol hor mone level and the number of antral ovarium follicle of female mice.Methods: This is experimental study with posttest only control group research design. Samples are 24 balb-c female mice, aged 16-17 months, weighed 19-35 grams, divided into 4 groups. Control group (Ctrl-G) were given 0.48 ml aquadest; group JB10-G, JB20-G, and JB30-G, each were given gandar usa leaf extract with concentration 10%, 20%, dan 30% in volume 0.48 ml orally twice a day. Af ter treatment, dissection were conducted to make ovarium histology preparation with Hematoxylin Ehrlich-Eosin staining, obser vation were conducted using microscope.Results: Post hoc analysis indicated that the estradiol level and the number of antral ovarium follicle on administration of gandar usa leaf extract with concentration 10%, 20%, dan 30% are signif icantly higher, p < 0.05. The increase of estradiol level with extract concentration of 10% are signif icantly negatively cor related with the number of antral ovarium follicles p<0.05. negatively cor related with the number of antral ovarium follicles p<0.05.Conclusion: The administration of gandar usa leaf extract increase the estradiol hor mone level and the number of antral ovarium follicle in female mice. Background: Physiologically, woman experiencing aging characterized by menopause. Gandarusa leaf contains isoflavon, a phytoesterogen expected to be used as esterogen replacement therapy. Objective: the aim of this research is to investigate the administrative effect of gandarusa leaf extract on the increase of estradiol hormone level and the number of antral ovarium follicle of female mice.Methods: This is experimental study with posttest only control group research design. Samples are 24 balb-c female mice, aged 16-17 months, weighed 19-35 grams, divided into 4 groups. Control group (Ctrl-G) were given 0.48 ml aquadest; group JB10-G, JB20-G, and JB30-G, each were given gandarusa leaf extract with concentration 10%, 20%, dan 30% in volume 0.48 ml orally twice a day. After treatment, dissection were conducted to make ovarium histology preparation with Hematoxylin Ehrlich-Eosin staining, observation were conducted using microscope. Results: Post hoc analysis indicated that the estradiol level and the number of antral ovarium follicle on administration of gandarusa leaf extract with concentration 10%, 20%, dan 30% are significantly higher, p < 0.05. The increase of estradiol level with extract concentration of 10% are significantly negatively correlated with the number of antral ovarium follicles p<0.05. Conclusion: The administration of gandarusa leaf extract increase the estradiol hormone level and the number of antral ovarium follicle in female mice. Keywords : gandarusa leaves extract, estradiol endogenous, ovary histolog
Comparison of Serum Interleukin-6 (Il-6) Levels Between Patients With HELLP Syndrome Versus Normotensive Pregnant
Get PDFBackground: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been known associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and also has important roles in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Several studies have demonstrated that there was a significant increase of serum IL-6 levels in preeclamptic compared to normotensive pregnant women. However, study to evaluate serum IL-6 level in pregnant women with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, and low platelet) syndrome is not well documented yet. This study aims to evaluate serum IL-6 levels between women with HELLP syndrome compared to normotensive pregnant.Methods: The research design was observational cross-sectional study. Samples were recruited consecutively using inclusion and exclusion criteria from emergency department and inpatient wards at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Serum IL-6 were collected from venous blood sample and measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method. Independent-samples t-test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare serum IL-6 values between women with HELLP syndrome and normotensive pregrnancy. A statistical measurement conducted using SPSS IBM Statistics 19® and considered significance when p<0,05.Results: There were 46 subjects, consisted of 23 women with HELLP syndrome and 23 women with normotensive pregnancy. Serum IL-6 level was a mean of 0,11±0,08 pg/mL and 0,15±0,20 pg/mL in women with HELLP syndrome compared to normotensive pregnancy respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between both groups (p=0,17).Conclusion:.The result of this study has shown that no significant difference of serum IL-6 level in HELLP syndrome women compared to normotensive pregnant women.Â