International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Nutraceutical Analysis of Marticaria recutita (Chamomile) Dried Leaves and Flower Powder and Comparison between Them
Full text linkChamomile is known as German Chamomile (Marticaria recutita) and Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) a very famous daisy plant. The work mainly focuses on the nutraceuticals potential of Chamomile leaf and flower of this plant. The nutrient contains of the leaf and flower power was determined by various methods. The phytochemicals screening of the leaf and flower aqueous extract was performed by the different procedure. Leaf of this plant is rich in carbohydrate, protein, fat and also rich in vitamin C, iron, zinc and calcium. Whereas flower is rich in moisture and fiber as compared to leaf. The aqueous extract of leaf of Chamomile showed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins and flower were lacked in alkaloids, saponins, gelatin and phenolic compounds. The results record that leaf and flowers powder contains different types of nutrients and phytochmicals in it. Chamomile is rich in different bioactive compounds, antioxidant and phytochemicals; carries many pharmacological and traditional properties. Leaves, flowers and stems of Chamomile are used as anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic, anti-diabetic, anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial activities and many more diseases. This paper put a light on nutrient content and phytochemical properties of Chamomile leaf and flower
EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF LEAF AND LEAF CALLUS EXTRACTS OF ANISOCHILUS CARNOSUS (L) WALL.
Full text linkThe study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of leaf and leaf callus extracts of Anisochilus carnosus (L) Wall. against alcohol induced toxicity using HepG2 cell line. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with different growth regulators. Prior to the determination of hepatoprotective property leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the toxic dose study. The degree of hepatoprotection of extracts was determined by measuring cell viability percentage by MTT assay. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf and leaf callus was carried out by qualitative analysis. Maximum percentage of callus formation (98%) was obtained in MS medium fortified with 3 mg/l 2,4-D. HepG2 cells were pretreated with the different concentrations (below toxic dose) of leaf and leaf callus extracts for 72 hours followed by alcohol intoxication. Results revealed that ethanolic leaf extract pretreated HepG2 cells show 94% cell viability compared to the standard silymarin pretreated HepG2 cells which showed 81% cell viability. Leaf callus extracts also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity where ethanolic callus extract pretreated HepG2 cells showed 86% viability after intoxication with alcohol. Results revealed that HepG2 cell viability percentage is dose dependent. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of different secondary metabolites in leaf and leaf callus extracts. The bio-efficacy study confirms the presence of secondary metabolites of hepatoprotective nature in leaf and leaf callus of A. carnosus
Purification and characterization of α-glucosidase from Penicillium chrysogenum.
Full text linkα-glucosidase (EC: 3.2.1.20) was isolated and purified from Penicillium chrysogenum Thom ATCC 10106 by ammonium sulphate precipitation (75%), DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. The specific activity was 140 units (U) mg-1 protein. The enzyme expressed a single band using SDS-PAGE and the molecular weight of the enzyme was nearly 43KDa. The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and 40ºC. The activation energy was 17.94 k J mol-1. The optimal incubation time was 40 min. Glutamine, glutamic acid, cysteine, alanine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, asparagine enhanced the enzyme activity and cysteine was the best enhancer. However, cystine and arginine inhibited α-glucosidase activity. The Vmax values were 48 and 38.1 U mg-1 protein with and without of cysteine, respectively. However, Km values were 0.21 and 0.25 mM in absence and presence of cysteine, respectively
Ethnobotany and preliminary bioactivity investigation on hepatoprotective medicinal plants from the Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso
Full text linkAn ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used to treat hepatitis in the Mouhoun region of Burkina Faso was undertaken. The extracts of the most quoted species were then evaluated for their phytochemistry and their antioxidant activity The anti-radical activity (by the method of the discoloration of the ABTS cation radical) and that of the antioxidant (by the method of the reduction of the iron ion, FRAP) were evaluated. Then the phenolic content of the aqueous extracts was determined and a correlation was studied between these two parameters. The antioxidant tests showed that the plants counted have a good antioxidant power. The three most active extracts are those of the trunk and root bark of Pseudocedrela kostchyi, and the trunk bark of Sterculia setigera. The extract of the bark of the trunk of Sterculia setigera showed the highest total tannin and phenolic content, while that of the leaves of Piliostigma reticulatum showed the highest content of flavonoids. The analyses showed that there is a relationship between the total phenolic contents and the antioxidant capacities of all the extracts (R2 = 0.82). The extracts of the trunk and root barks of Pseudocedrela kostchyi, and that of the trunk bark of Sterculia setigera showed the best antioxidant properties. They could be good candidates for the search for liver protective molecule
Ethanobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. F.): A Review
Full text linkZizyphus nummularia (Burm. F.), Family: Rhamnaceae, is widely distributed in dry regions of India. It is a bushy weed used as folk medicine. The plant is valued for its nutritional edible fruits. Traditionally, it is used in mental retardation, fever, diarrhea, dysentery. The plant has been evaluated for various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifertility activity. Present review discusses phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of the drug
Appraisal of the Constituent Plant Materials in a Ghanaian Antifungal Herbal Product; An in vitro Interactive Combination Analysis and a Pilot Clinical Study to Determine Efficacy.
Full text linkEvidence based use of herbal medicines has a positive implication for both users and society. In this study, component plant materials of a traditional Ghanaian polyherbal skin product comprising Eugenia caryophyllata, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Tridax procumbens, Psidium guajava and Alchornea cordifolia and used in the management of superficial skin infections was evaluated to establish their contribution to the overall therapeutic activity of the product. Each of the five (5) plants was subjected to an in vitro antimicrobial assay using the microtitre broth technique followed by an interactive combination assay for plants demonstrating noteworthy antimicrobial activity (MIC ≤ 1.0 mg/ml). Test strains included Staphyloccocus aureus, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccusum and Microsporum canis. Eugenia caryophyllata, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Alchornea cordifolia showed better activity than Psidium guajava, Tridax procumbens and the Total Crude Extract (combination of the 5 extracts). The binary combination of Eugenia caryophyllata and Alchornea cordifolia indicated synergistic and additive activity against all the test strains. An improved biological activity was also observed when a mixture of the two (2) plants at a ratio of Eugenia caryophyllata 60 % (w/w) and Alchornea cordifolia 40 % (w/w) was assayed. A follow up pilot clinical study established that this new recipe was clinically effective but of lower therapeutic effect compared to the original product. In conclusion, the original formulation of the product may be preferred because of the shorter duration of treatment which reduces the risk of harms and cost of treatment
Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial part of Pentatropis nivalis(Asclepiadaceae)
Full text linkThe objective of present study was to evaluate preliminary phytoconstitutents and invitro antioxidant potential of Pentatropis nivalis (Asclepiadaceae). During the preliminary phytochemical analysis, methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial part of Pentatropis nivalis was screened for the presence of phenolic, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phytosterols. TLC of extracts were performed by using various solvent systems. Phytochemicals screening and TLC spots of MEPN and AEPN showed the presence of glycoside, steroids, terpenoids, phenolic, saponins, Methanolic extract showed better qualitative tests for presence of secondary metabolites than aqueous extract.The in-vitro antioxidant potential of extracts were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP, and both methods showed that the plant possesses good antioxidant activity
Phytochemical and antibacterial potentials of Tecoma stans and Costus afer
Full text linkPhytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of ethanolic extract of leaves/roots of Tecoma stans and leaves of Costus afer evaluated were collected at Malabo Campus, University of Calabar, Calabar and from Eman-Uruan local government area, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria respectively. Fresh leaves of both plants and roots of Tecoma stans collected were washed, dried on laboratory surface and milled into powder. They were separately extracted in 80% ethanol and the extracts concentrated in vacuo at 37-40oC to obtain semi solid dark green and brown concentrates respectively used for the evaluations. Phytochemical composition was determined using standard methods. The agar-well diffusion technique as described by Irobi et al, 1994 was employed for screening antibacterial activities. Five (5) bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsilla pneumoniae , P.speceis, Shigella sonnei, Morganella morganii,and Maraxella catarrhlis were obtained from the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. They were maintained on nutrient agar at 4oC in the refrigerator. The result showed that the leaves/roots of T.stans and leaves of C.afer contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins and Glycosides. The MIC of leaves of T.stans showed 5.21mg/ml for S.aureus, 10.4mg/ml for E.coli, 83.3mg/ml for Proteus speies. The roots of T.stans showed 75mg/ml for S.aureus. The MIC for C.afer showed 5.2mg/ml for S. aureus and 312.5mg/ml for M. morganii. The results indicate that both plants can be used to achieve significant inhibitory effects as antimicrobial agents for treatment of bacterial infections in the absence of orthodox medication
Cardioprotective and antioxidant effects of Bougainvillea glabra against isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in albino rats
Full text linkThe present study was executed to evaluate the myocardial protective effect of methanol extract of Bougainvillea glabra against isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Myocardial necrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (85mg/kg body weight) on 29th and 30th day at an interval of 24 hours. Myocardial necrosis was evident from the changes of marker enzymes in serum, plasma and heart tissue. The activities of serum cardiac marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase myoglobin (CK-MB), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and total protein (TP) were estimated. In addition, plasma TBARS and plasma LDH levels were also recorded. Antioxidant parameters viz catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were performed in heart tissue homogenate. The outcome of the study indicated that, pretreatment with methanol extract of Bougainvillea glabra to isoproterenol induced rats significantly prevented the altered serum cardiac marker enzymes, plasma levels and antioxidant parameters to near normal status. The cardioprotective effect was compared with propranolol (10 mg/kg, oral) which was used as the standard. Histopathological findings exposed a reduced degree of necrosis and inflammation succeeding pretreatment with Bougainvillea glabra.Based on these results, it was suggested that methanol extract of Bougainvillea glabra prevents myocardial necrosis and oxidative stress induced by isoproterenol
Effect of Boswellia on Adjuvant Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Experimental Animals
Full text linkArthritis is the most common systemic connective tissue disease. About 1% of the world\u27s population is affected by RA; women are three times more often than men. Onset is most frequent between the ages of 40 and 50 years, but people of any age can be affected. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks flexible joints. Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, autoimmunity plays an important role in both its chronicity and progression. The new trend of medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis seeks new drugs with more efficacy and fewer side effects. Since tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as other cytokines act as key players in the development of arthritis. Studies in the United States and Europe have shown that their use is less common in clinical settings, but has become increasingly more in recent years as scientific evidence about the effectiveness of herbal medicine has become more widely available. The present work investigates the effect of Boswellia on Adjuvant induced RA in Experimental Animals