International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Brevifoliol: An Ignored cousin of Taxol
Full text linkThe discovery of paclitaxel, an anticancer agent was a milestone in the path of anticancer drug discovery. After approval from FDA taxol was widely used for cancer treatment. The taxol was isolated from the bark of fully grown taxus plants with is a fatal source, to overcome this problem almost all the species were investigated for the taxol and taxol like molecules. Brevifoliol is one of the many taxoid isolated from the taxus plants. The significance of brevifoliol was its source which was dried needles of plants including the Himalayan yew tree Taxus wallichiana. Brevifoliol belongs to the large group of diterpenoid cyclodecanes, the same group with which taxol belongs. In-vitro studies indicate that brevifoliol has significant activity against colon cancer cell line which is slightly better than taxol. In the present article, all the updated information and its superiority over taxol will be discussed
Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of plants extracts compared with two commercial antibiotics against E coli responsible for avian colibacillosis in Benin
Full text linkDespite its prominent place in development strategies, poultry breeding faces many constraints, including pathological ones. Among pathologies that affect poultry, colibacillosis is one of the most diseases that are communicable to humans and associated with heavy economic losses. To fight efficiently against avian colibacillosis, the work aimed to evaluate antimicrobial potential evaluation of non-volatile extracts of Euphorbia hirta and Psidium guajava, as well as the essential oils of Clausena anisata and Aeollanthus pubescens extracts and two commercial antibiotics namely tetracolivit and Oxytetracyclin against Escherichia coli. To achieve this goal, susceptibility tests were performed on a strain of E. coli using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. Results obtained showed that essential oils from Clausena anisata and non-volatile extracts tested were not active on E coli. However, the essential oils extracted from Aeollanthus pubescens were active on the E. coli with MIC of 0.44 ± 0.21 mg/ml and MBC of 0.87 ± 0.41mg / ml for the oil of the whole part, followed respectively by flower oil (MBC = 0.99 mg/ml) and leaf stem oil (MBC= 1.62 mg / ml). Comparing the activity of the essential oils of Aeollanthus with antibiotics tested, we noticed that tetracolivit was more active with MBC =0.15±0.07mg/ml on E. coli than these extracts which were more active than Oxytetracyclin (MBC=2.34±1.11mg/ml). In sum, the study showed that for a better management of avian collibacillosis in Benin, the tetracolivit is suitable as antibiotic which can be substituted by Aeollanthus pubescens essential oils
Evaluation of antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts of bark and leaf of Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Nooteb
Full text linkPlants are a natural source of secondary metabolites having antioxidant property and these compounds protect cells against adverse effects of reactive oxygen species. In the present study the methanolic extracts of bark and leaf of medicinal plant - Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Nooteb. were evaluated and compared employing ABTS cation decolorization test, DPPH scavenging assay, reducing power and scavenging potency towards hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and super oxide. The results suggested that the bark extract has better antioxidant efficacy than leaf for all in vitro models compared. The IC50 metrics (mg/g) of bark and leaf for the assays were ABTS (bark 552.36; leaf 1917); DPPH (bark 572.30; leaf 1782.31); H2O2 (bark 566.89; leaf 1904.32); Nitric Oxide (bark 956.75; leaf 1711.74) and Superoxide (bark 235; leaf 506.68) respectively. Results of the study concluded that Q. indica is a promosing source of antioxidants and could be exploited as a safe and stable natural agent for pharmaceutical preparations
Anti-α-glucosidase and antiglycation activities of galls from Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (combretaceae)
Full text linkThe hypoglycemic activity of Guiera senegalensis used in Burkinabe folk medicine has been already reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic activity from galls of G.senegalensis. The extracts and methanol fractions from galls of G. senegalensis showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared with acarbose. The ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract (EA/ME) showed potent antiglycation activity in an in vitro assay system. The galls did not show inhibition activity against α-chymotrypsin. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity along with its antiglycation activity may open a new perspective for the use of G. senegalensis for the diabetic subject. The data suggests that consumption of G senegalensis galls as an infusion or in food and pharmaceutical preparations may be useful for the management of diabetes and its complications
Nano-curcumin: A Potent Enhancer of Body Antioxidant System in Diabetic Mice.
Full text linkNano preparation of drug to be helpful in targeted delivery, which avoids any unwanted damage of adjacent healthy tissues. Antidiabetic compounds from natural and synthetic sources have been found to successful management of diabetes. Antioxidants are compound that protect cell against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin has many beneficial effects against health problems; it has limited use due to its poor bioavailability as concluded by number of its pharmacokinetic studies. Since the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin nanoparticles (Nano-curcumin) on antioxidative enzymes i.e Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in pancreas of diabetic mice. For the present investigation mice (Mus musculus) used as experimental animal. Mice were divided into four groups viz, a) Control group b) Diabetic group c) Recovery group I- Diabetic mice treated with curcumin d) Recovery group II - Diabetic mice treated with curcumin and nano-curcumin. The activity of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas was recorded at the end of experiment. There was decrease in antioxidative enzymes in pancreas of diabetic mice compared to control. After the treatment of curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles significant increase in levels of antioxidative enzymes in recovery group I and II was observed. Moreover as compare to free curcumin nano-curcumin showed better results in enhancement of antioxidative enzymes. Thus it proves that nano-curcumin found to be potent antioxidative compound to reduced oxidative stress induced during the diabetes
Synergistic Effects of Andrographolide on DNA Damage Repair Mechanism and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells
Full text linkBreast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Several drugs including cisplatin and carboplatin have shown tremendous effectivity in reducing cancer; however development of drug resistance by breast cancer cells to overcome cytotoxic insults and recurrence of the disease is a major concern at the moment. Andrographolide is a diterpenoid with a potent anti-inflammatory and anti tumor activity and it’s usage in combination therapy would be ideal as it is proven for it’s apoptotic capability in varied number of cells. Antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of andrographolide in triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated by clonogenic assay and flow cytometric analysis. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting. Our results revealed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of andrographolide in MDA-MB-231 cells with and without carboplatin. It resulted in G2/M arrest of cells when treated alone, and further enhanced upon treatment in combination with carboplatin. Andrographolide alone and in combination with carboplatin enhanced apoptotic cells in early, mid and late stages and increased expression of DNA damage repair response proteins including FANCJ, FANCD2, RAD51, pRPA32 and p53. The present study strongly suggests that andrographolide inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by apoptosis mediated through cell cycle arrest and up regulation of DNA damage repair response gene expression and shows synergistic effects upon usage in combination with carboplatin
Chemical Composition of the Essential oil of The Leaves of Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. & Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) cultivated in Egypt and Evaluation of Their in-vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities
Full text linkThe aim of the study is to identify and characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil of both leaves of Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) as well as to evaluate their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic potency. Both leaves essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Different in-vitro antioxidant tests were employed, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), ferric reducing antioxidant power, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. Also, the present work aims to evaluate the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition as well as glucose uptake by yeast cells of essential oils. Essential oil analysis of the leaves of Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) showed high amounts of eugenol (37.95%), β-Myrecene (21.01%), α-Pinene (17.82%), linalool (6.15%) and limonene (5.93%). GC-MS data of leaves essential oil revealed the presence of eugenol (30.17%), limonene (17.24), α-Pinene (16.78%), linalool (9.71), 1,8 cineole (8.31%) and β-myrecene (5.21%) . Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) leaves essential oil having antioxidant effect using various methods. In most of the oil samples and assays the antioxidant activity was higher than the one revealed by the positive control BHT. Both plants essential oil showed potent inhibition of α-Amylase at concentration 2.00 mg as it was inhibited by (75 and 63 %); with IC50 (0.95 and 1.13); respectively as well as inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme by (61.42 and 53.00%) with IC50 (3.17 and 4.25); respectively. Also the percentage of glucose uptake by Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) leaves essential oil at 2.00 mg/ml in the presence of 25 mM glucose is (63.49% and 49.61%); respectively. Conclusion: the present study clearly identified the Egyptian chemotype of Pimenta diocia (L.) Merr. and Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) leaves essential oil, it also displayed safe and promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Therefore the essential oil of both species can be utilized as a natural antioxidant and antidiabetic as well as health benefits
Eco-friendly larvicide source from Acacia auriculiformis and its antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens
No full textMosquito remains as a global threat for millions of lives since they serve as vector for most of the deadly pathogens and parasites. Several methods such as indoor spraying, insecticidal usage, and nets are employed to evade mosquito threat. However, the chemicals present in such compositions not only have negative impact on the human health and environment but also paves the way for the development of resistance in the insect vectors. Under such circumstances, novel and safer alternative tools have been recently researched to improve mosquito control. Medicinal plants species have been screened as a potential source for secondary metabolites with larvicidal and antimicrobial properties. In view of such fact, the present study investigated the solvent extracts of A. auriculiformis for its antimicrobial, antioxidant and larvicidal properties against the malarial and Japanese encephalitis vector Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus respectively. Results evidently showed that the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts inhibited the test pathogens significantly as compared to the other extracts at sub-MIC levels. DPPH and FRAP antioxidant studies elucidate, strong antioxidant potential of the ethanol and chloroform extracts of A. auriculiformis. TLC profile of the ethanol extract showed six prominent bands with respectively coloured band patterns in the UV spectrum which corroborated with the presence of more than one active principles in the extract. The larvicidal activity assay revealed that the ethanol extract significantly inhibited the mosquito vectors with an LC50 of 6.1 and 4.2 µg/ml respectively. Notably, the toxicity assay on the non target organism G. affinis showed low mortality at the tested concentrations (LC50 = 1670 µg/ml) which is ten times greater than the lethal concentration to the mosquito species. Overall, this study highlights the preliminary results which substantiates that A. auriculiformis is an important source of eco-friendly and biodegradable larvicides against two important mosquito vectors with low toxicity against non-target organism
Proximate composition, antioxidant activities and phenolic composition of Cucumis sativus forma hardwickii (Royle) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes
No full textIn the present investigation, nutritional, anti-nutritional and antioxidant potential of Cucumis sativus forma hardwickii was evaluated for the first time. The results revealed that leaf and fruit of Cucumis sativus f. hardwickii were rich source of ash, carbohydrate, fat, fibre and proteins. In addition, appreciable amounts of Vitamin C and E were also observed. Considerable antinutritional factors in leaf and fruit were noted which can be reduced by different processing methods. In sequential solvent extraction, methanol found to be the best in the extraction of antioxidants, which was supported with the highest antioxidant activities. Among all ¬¬the extracts, it was noted that leaves extracted with methanol had higher amount of phenols and flavonoids than fruit. In addition, the potent radical scavengers mainly phenolics were detected using RP-HPLC where tannic acid, gallic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid were also quantified in leaf and fruit. Superior antioxidant potential may be due to the presence of other bioactive compounds present in fruit. Additional research on bioactive properties of this plant is needed to explore this neglected wild cucumber for nutraceutical purpose and as a functional food
Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant assay of ethanolic extracts of traditional medicinal plants (Ferula assafoetida, Saussurea costus, Peganum harmala) in oman
No full textFerula assafoetida, Saussurea costus and Peganum harmala are considered an important traditional folk medicines in Oman, extracts of these plants were screened for assessing bioactive phytochemical constituents and their antioxidant property. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated to explore the reliable and potential sources of novel natural antioxidants. Preliminary phytochemical screening of different plant extracts and phytochemical investigation showed variations in the presence and amount of active ingredients. All the fractions of P.harmala, S.costus and F.assafoetida have flavonoid and phenolic compounds, whereas, the highest amount was found in F.assafoetida which was 0.370, 0.053 mg/ml respectively. Under antioxidant study the H2O2 free radical scavenging potential and Phosphomolybdate assay were studied in vitro for the determination of antioxidant activity. However S. costus extract showed the highest scavenging percentages 89%. In Phosphomolybdate assay Ferula assafoetida has a very good antioxidant potential due to phenolic and flavonoid components