International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Extract of Mirabilis jalapa Against Pathogenic Microorganisms
Get PDFInvestigation of the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts of Mirabilis jalapa were carried out using acetone, chloroform, ethanol and methanol. These extracts were subjected to screening of preliminary phytochemical tests. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins and lignins. The methanol extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (21mm in dia with 500µg/disc extract) against Staphylococcus aureus and the highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (97.5% with 500µg/ml medium) against Aspergillus flavus. The methanol extract exhibited the lowest MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (39 µg/ml) and Aspergillus flavus (45µg/ml). It appeared that M. jalapa could be a potential natural source of new antimicrobial agent
Anthelmintic activity of Ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eupatorium Odoratum. L
Get PDFSuccessive extracts from the Whole plant of Eupatorium Odoratum. L (Asteraceae) were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma and three concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of each extracts were studied in activity, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worm. Ethanolic extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 100 mg/ml. Piperazine citrate in 10 mg/ml concentration as that of extract was included as standard reference and 1% Gum acacia in normal saline as control. The anthelmintic activity of ethanloic extract was significant followed by hydroalcoholic extract of Eupatorium Odoratum
Pharmacognostic and antidiabetic study of Clitoria ternatea
Get PDFAparajita means "The Undefeated". This plant is a trailing creeper with the usual Indigo Blue colour flowers and the rare white ones which is more of a pale cream with a hint of green at the edges. In Kerala it is called the Sankhu Pushpam or Conch Shell flower although it hardly resembles a Conch shell. It actually resembles a quaint Snapdragon flower with it\u27s front open. Graphically it represents the cutout of an inverted womb. May be that explains their close affinity to Indian Midwives, particularly the White variety. Aparajita grows throughout India. It is a beautiful-looking plant, hence cultivated in gardens. It is a perennial twining herb having 7 leaflets, which are elliptic and obtuse. There are few varieties with white, violet and blue flowers. The pods are 5-7 cm long, flat with 6 to 10 seed, in each pod. The flowers resemble in shape to cows ear, hence the synonym- gokarnika. Chronic administration of plant extracts (100mg/kg) for 14 days reduces the blood glucose level of the diabetes induced animals as compared to diabetic control group. There was significant decrease in the blood glucose level in the 7th [p<0.01] and 14th [p<0.001] days of the diabetes induction, showing antidiabetic effect. The effect was comparable to that of standard antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide. The aim of this research is to explore the antidiabetic activity of this plant which will be helpful in the future investigations
Phytochemical constituents of Cadaba Trifoliata Roxb. root extract
Get PDFCadaba trifoliata Roxb is belongs to the family Capparaceae, important medicinal plant of Indian medicinal plants. The methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts along with dry powder of root were screened for the presence of phytochemicals. The phytochemical constituents were analyzed by qualitative and GC-MS method. Preliminary studies showed that the presence of Tannins, Steroids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds. In the GC-MS analysis, 17 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the alcoholic extract. The identification of phytochemical compounds in very high peak area, 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (C24H38O4) with RT 24.95 has peak area 51.86% and 1-Methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (C6H11NO2) with RT 6.89 has peak area 20.58%. The main important compound phytol (C20H40O) with RT 18.95 ranks with peak area 1.21%. A nature compound contains diterpene activity anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant activity and antimicrobial activity
In vivo antioxidant potential of lepidium sativum l. Seeds in albino rats using cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate to possible potential nephrocurative, nephroprotective activity and in vivo antioxidant potential of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg ethanolic extract of Lepidium sativum L. seeds was use to against cisplatin (5mg/kg, i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity. The experimental protocol designed as the animals were divided into six groups (n=6) like control, model control, two curative (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg), and two protective groups (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, were received vehicle, cisplatin, cisplatin + extract, and extract + cisplatin respectively. After 6th days, blood collected from retro-orbital sinus of rats and determined urea and creatinine level in serum of each group after then rats were sacrificed for quantitative estimation of various enzymes and ATPase content in kidney tissue. A single dose of cisplatin induced loss in body weight, increase urine excretion, increased urea & creatinine level in serum; it was significantly recovered by 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in curative and protective groups. The enzyme estimation in kidney tissue it found that increase malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione level, it was significantly monitored by 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in curative and protective groups. These are defined as vivo antioxidant potential. The level of brush border enzymes like Na+ / K+ ATPase, Ca++ ATPase and Mg++ATPase were found significantly reduced after single dose cisplatin injection. It was overcome by treatment of same extract in curative and protective groups. Finally it is concluded that the present study data conformed nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin due oxidative stress and ethanolic extract of Lepidium sativum L. seeds may have nephroprotective and curative activity
In vitro antibacterial activity on human pathogenic bacteria and larvicidal effect of root from Hemidesmus indicus (Linn.) on Culex qinquifasciatus
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of extraction from Hemidesmus indicus roots on five different solvents activity against the pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms also larvae of the Culex qinquifasciatus mosquito. H. indicus (L.) is one of the plants used in Ayurveda for several remedies it belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae. The experimental roots were tested for their phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity against 15 human pathogenic microorganisms using standard disc diffusion method. Moreover, the methanol and petroleum ether extracts were active against most of the tested organisms as they showed potential phytochemical constituents. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were compared with their respective reference antibiotics as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Apart from petroleum ether, all other solvent extracts such as ethanol, methanol, chloroform and aqueous extract showed significant results. Among the 12 bacterial species maximum inhibition zone was 16.00±0.18, 10.65±0.19 and 16.3±0.20 observed the following bacteria such as E.coli, P. mirabilis and S. typhimurium respectively. The larvicidal effect of aqueous extracts of H. indicus roots were tested against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae at the concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% upto three days. Larval mortality was 100% with the use of 5% concentration of root aqueous extract after 2 days was observed. It is suggested that the aqueous extract of Hemidesmus indicus can be used as natural insecticide for mosquito control
Herbal treatment of secretory diarrhea
Get PDFThe research study is conducted to understand interaction of illness, symptoms, context, patients response and the clinical skill vis a vis better management of secretory diarrhea. Specific aim of this study is to determine the impact of intensive medical intervention with herbal drug “Dirasif” (Test) and allopathic drug “Furoxone” (Control) to treat secretory diarrhea. This is randomized controlled clinical trial in primary care with an open intervention. All patients judged by the physician to need either herbal or allopathic medicine for secretory diarrhea are randomized in treatment therapy. Clinical trial was conducted on hundred patients from both groups i.e.50 patient from control and 50 from experimental group having age between 12-40 year. Comparison of data recorded by participants relating to these variables showed significant differences between test and control groups (p < 0.05) despite the fact that no side effects were recorded in test group. Overall clinical success was observed in both treatment groups however the efficacy of the test treated medication (Dirasif) was superior as p=0.03. Dirasif is more effective than the Furoxone in the treatment of secretory diarrhea in Gadap community Karachi, Pakistan
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Activity of Chloroxylon swietenia Root Extract
Get PDFThe preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out on the crude extracts of the roots of Chloroxylon swietenia. The crude extracts were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL) of each extract were performed in activity, which involved the evaluation of paralysis and death period of the worm. Chloroform and methanol extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 100 mg/mL. Piperzine citrate was selected as standard compound and Di-methyl formamide as control. The anthelmintic activity of Chloroform and methanol of roots of Chloroxylon swietenia has therefore been evaluated for the first time
In Vitro studies on antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of whole plant extracts of Stelleria media
Get PDFThe whole plant extracts of Stelleria media were examined for the presence of alkaloids and phenolics with simultaneous study on the antimicrobial properties of these extracts. Investigation was carried out using four different concentration (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/ml) of extract to determine the quantitative effectiveness. Preliminary evaluation of both the aqueous and the chloroform fractions showed a broad spectrum of activity ((p<0.05)) since the extracts inhibit the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates. Clinical isolates used in present investigation were E.coli, S.typhi, K. pneumonia, Staph. Aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and cyanogenetic glycosides in varying concentration. Both the chloroform and aqueous extracts inhibited the growth of the test organisms with Salmonella typhi and E.coli showing the highest susceptibility but the pathogens were found to be less sensitive for chloroform extract in comparison to the aqueous extract which could be due to the domination of antimicrobial activity of water soluble polar compounds. This research supports the local use of the plant, Stelleria media for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes against bacterial infection
Thermophilic xylanase isolated from the Xerophytic- Cereus pterogonus and Opuntia vulgaris plant sp.
Get PDFA thermo stable xylanase was isolated and characterized from the cladodes of crude Cereus pterogonus and Opuntia vulgaris plant species. The enzyme was active in acidic pH 5.0 and temperature optimum for Cereus pterogonus was 60oC and 80oC, where as in the Opuntia vulgaris plant sp showed three temperature isoforms 50oC, 70oC and 90oC respectively. The metal ions 10mM Co2+, Mn2+, 5mM Ni2+ and 1mM Fe3+ showed enzyme activity at 60oC and 80oC for Cereus pterogonus plant sp, where as Opuntia vulgaris plant sp the maximum activity was observed on 50oC, 70oC and 90oC. The crude homogenate of both plant sp showed several protein bands on SDS-PAGE, but two activity bands on the zymogram analysis. The main aim of the present study was to check the xylanase activity on eukaryotic xerophytic plant sp, surprisingly the enzyme activity was observed in Cereus pterogonus and Opuntia vulgaris plant sp. This study may help protein engineers to design more efficient and acidophilic enzymes for use in different biotechnological processes. In future work the enzyme will purify and characterized for various industrial applications