International Journal of Phytomedicine
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A Plant Oxysterol as a regulator of glucose homeostasis
Get PDFBackground: Plant oxysterols like 28-homobrassinolide (HB) exhibit partial structural homology to oxycholesterols. HB’s effect in cell metabolism was therefore investigated using rat model. Results: Oral administration of HB to streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino wistar rats, reduced circulating glucose level to normal level. Serum insulin content was increased by HB treatment. HB elevated the hexokinase (HK) enzyme activity of liver in the experimental animal. Peroxidative damage of cellular lipids was reduced by HB based on quantitative estimates of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and 4- hydroxy nonenol (4-HNE) content of erythrocyte samples. Conclusion: The antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of HB was presente
Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of Urena lobata linn
Get PDFIn the present study was to determine the pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Urena lobata Linn. In pharmacognostoical studies powder characteristics of leaf and stem, leaf constant and analytical parameters like ash values extractive value analysis of major elements and in preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out .All these characters were determined will help the researches in their phytochemical as well as pharmacognostical analysis of this species
A comparative study on total phenolic content, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity of aerial parts of Barleria prionitis
Get PDFContext: Barleria prionitis L. (Family Acanthaceae; commonly known as Vajradanti), is an annual shrub, 1–3 feet high, found throughout tropical Asia and in South Africa. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of 50% ethanolic extract of leaf, flower, and stem of B. prionitis by using β carotene bleaching assay, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity). Total phenolic content (TPC) was analysed by the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as standard and expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Results: Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) in B. prionitis leaves were found to be 67.48 mg/g GAE dry plant material and 79.20%. The B. prionitis leaves exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC50 values in both DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) (336.15 μg/ml) and hydroxyl radical (568.65 μg/ml) methods. Conclusions: The leaf of B. prionitis possesses high phenolic content, potential antioxidant activity, reducing power & radical scavenging activity in comparison to flower and stem
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa in Diabetic Induced Animals
Get PDFIn the present study, the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extract of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa (Malvaceae) leaves was studied in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection) diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic activity in normal rats was tested after administration of 200 mg/kg of extract. Aqueous extract showed a 15% reduction in plasma glucose level after 1.5 h of extract administration. When tested in STZ-induced diabetic rats the reduction in plasma glucose was 17%. In oral glucose tolerance test in normal rats and STZ-induced rats the decrease in AUC was 15 and 7% respectively. Glibenclamide was used as reference drug and showed significant hypoglycemic effects in normal rats but had marginal activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In hypolipidemic study a dose of 200 mg/kg of aqueous extract has shown reduction in triglycerides (TG) (16%), cholesterol (4%), and glucose level (10%). Fenofibrate was used as standard drug for hypolipidemic study. The results obtained from the experiment provided scientific evidence in favor of the traditional use of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa leaves for the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Memory Enhancing Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)
Get PDFSuspension of ethanolic extract of leaves of Stevia rebaudiana bert. in gum acacia were administered orally to evaluate the memory enhancing activity in the aged rats. Memory enhancing effect was evaluated by using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. Mean escape latency time (ELT) calculated each day during acquisition trial was used as an index of acquisition and mean time spent in target quadrant in search of missing platform provided an index of retrieval. Significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) value of retention indicated improvement of memory. Significant memory enhancing effect of ethanolic extract Stevia rebaudiana was observed in aged rats at 200 mg/kg p.o. dose
Antidiabetic potential of Lantana aculeata root extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Get PDFThe present study investigates the antidiabetic potential of dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata, a weed belonging to verbenaceae family on biochemical profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effects of an ethanolic extract of the dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma insulin and liver glycogen were examined in control and experimental groups. Lantana aculeata root extract reduced the serum glucose concentration at 24, 48 and 72 hours. To verify the activity sub-chronically, the extract administered orally in the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg to diabetic rats for 30 days, that significantly reduced the level of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in insulin and glycogen concentration to near normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that roots of Lantana aculeata possess antidiabetic potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The activity might be due to high concentration of oleanolic acid present in the roots
Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves prevent Cyclophosphamide-induced micronucleus and DNA damage in mice
Get PDFChemoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves was evaluated on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity in the mouse. Animals were pre-treated with the extract for seven consecutive days at doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b.w. Micronucleus in bone marrow and comet (DNA damage) in the liver were performed. Cyclophosphamide was administered intra-peritoneally on day 7 and Mice were sacrificed after 24 hours. In CP treated animals, statistically significant induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) was recorded. However, in the animals pre-treated with the extract, the percentage of CP-induced MN decreased with increasing concentration of the extract. Results of comet assay showed similar decrease in DNA damage in mice pre-dosed with the extract. These results point out to the presence of chemopreventive phytoconstituents in the crude extract offering protection against CP-induced genotoxicity in the mouse
Plasma Electrophoresis and Phagocytic Index Screening of Some Indigenous Vegetables Subjected to Preclinical Models
No full text50 % of methanolic extract Colocasia esculenta, Moringa oliefera, Luffa cylindrica, and Hibiscus esculentus were subjected to immunomodulatory activity in Swiss albino mice either sex. Mice were treated with five days of dosing of Colocasia esculenta 50 mg/kg bw, Colocasia esculenta 100 mg/kg bw, Moringa oliefera 200mg/kg bw, Moringa oleifera 400 mg/kg bw, Luffa cylindrica 100 mg/kg bw, Luffa cylindrica 200 mg/kg bw, Hibiscus esculentus 100 mg/kg bw, and Hibiscus esculentus 200 mg/kg bw. Cyclosporine (2.5 mg/kg) used as a standard reference drug for 5 days. Investigation of immunomodulator activity of these 50 % of methanolic extract of drugs to parentage of yeast digestion form 24 hours the peritoneal fluid culture and electrophoretic plasma protein band albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma respectively from blood plasma were observed using parameters phagocytosis and plasma electrophoresis. Also investigated the ulcerogenic effect or any toxic effect of plant extract by histopathology study of crypt, villi and goblet cells with reference to standard drug cyclosporine. As regards these parameters, Hibiscus esculentus 100 and 200 mg/ kg bw dose, Moringa oleifera 200 and 400 mg/ kg bw dose and Luffa cylindrica 200mg/kg bw elicited a moderately significant increase in the % of yeast digestion (P < 0.001) respectively and Luffa cylindrica 100mg/kg bw significant increase in the % of yeast digestion (P < 0.01). Hibiscus esculentus showed significant dose dependent increase and Moringa oleifera decrease phagocytic activity of macrophages. Hibiscus esculentus 200 mg/ kg bw dose and Moringa oleifera 200 significantly increased (P < 0.01) the Gamma globulin. However, our present study revealed and signatured for their immunomodulator enhancing property. As in Asian subcontinent daily there vegetables are cooked and served with know and unknown of its potential function against different diseases. If there vegetables properly ruled out for their pharmacological aspect then it may add diamond in the crown of dietician which has been bother every day today life but over looked exponetentiall
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on Pothos scandens L.
Get PDFPothos scandens L. known to the Kanikkars as ‘Paraioutan’ is an important medicinal plant. The Kanikkar tribe, inhabitants of Agasthiarmalai Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. use leaf and stem of this plant to reduce body heat and also helps in conception. The present investigation deals with the pharmacognostic studies of the leaf and stem of the said plant. Pharmacognostic studies include microscopic, physicochemical constant (ash & extractive values), Fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical evaluations
Physicochemical variables and real time stability of the herbal substance of Niprd-AM1®- an antimalarial developed from the root of Nauclea latifolia S.M. (Rubiaceae).
Get PDFThe evidence for using the root of Nauclea latifolia S.M. (Rubiaceae) in treating malaria in Africa; and the development of Niprd AM1, as an antimalarial phytomedicine from it, are reviewed. This study aimed at paving the way for the registration and controlled production of Niprd-AM1, which was developed by National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria. The study applied official procedures to authenticate and evaluate the changes that occur during normal storage in the physicochemical variables of the herb and extract. The herb contained alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, but cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides and anthraquinones were not detected. Heavy metal presence was well below the limits allowed. Most of the quality variables evaluated, including TLCs, remained largely unchanged up to the 39 month of storage, but a few began to decline as from the 21st month. The results are consistent with NIPRD’s intention to regularize the production and use of Niprd-AM1 according to good pharmaceutical practice (GXP), and suggest that the dried herb and extract are stable under tropical room conditions for over a year in sealed glass containers