International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Subchronic toxicity and behavioural effects of Glycine max (L.) oil emulsion in male rats
Get PDFThe oil of Glycine max commonly known as soybean oil has over the decades grown popularity for its low cholesterol hence its use within the household and commercially for food production has grossly increased. This study was aimed to determine the effects of long term consumption of soybean oil toxicologically and behaviourally. Male albino rats were administered with the vehicle, 5 and 10% oil emulsion for 30 days orally. The rats were subjected to behavioural tests such as novelty-induced behaviour (NIB), learning and memory tests and food intake measurement weekly. At the end of 30 days, rats were anesthetized and carefully dissected and blood sample was taken and analyzed haematogically and biochemically. The liver sample was also taken for biochemical analysis. Histopathological examinations were carried out on the brain, spleen, liver, kidney, lungs and testis samples. The results showed that oral administration of oil caused an increase in food intake, significant effect on NIB but had no effect on learning and memory. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of both haemoglobin and PCV in the grouped administered with high dose. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in triglyceride, ALT, AST levels, with no effect on cholesterol. Histopathological analysis revealed no significant effects on the essential organs tested when compared with the vehicle treated rats. This study conclusively showed that soybean oil has central excitatory effects and there is need for caution when used for a long period since it has significant effects on biochemical parameters
HPLC Method for Determination of p-coumaric acid from the Medicinal Herb Leptadinia reticulata
Get PDFThe aim of present study was to develop and validate a simple, precise and rapid HPLC method for the quantification of p-coumaric acid in Leptadinia reticulata extractst. The analysis was performed by reverse-phase chromatography on an phenomenex C18 columns with isocratic elution of Methanol and 0.8%-Formic acid in water (6:4) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min, a column temperature of 35°C, photodiode array detector detection at 326 nm. The method validated in terms of linearity accuracy precision LOD, LOQ and stability. The herb Leptidinia reticulata contains 0.17% p-coumaric acid. The linear range of method was 0.25-50µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9993, the recovery was 98-99.4% and the relative standard deviation is 0.98 % (n=6). The developed method was found to be a relatively simple, precise and reproducible for the quantification of p-coumaric acid. The method does not employ any derivatization procedure and can be used as a quality control tool for the routine analysis of p-coumaric acid from an herb Leptadinia reticulata
A Brief Review on Phytoconstituents and Ethnopharmacology of Scoparia Dulcis Linn. (Scrophulariaceae)
Get PDFScoparia dulcis Linn.(S. dulcis)or sweet broom weed commonly known as Mithipatti and Bana Dhania in Western Orissa, it is also known as ‘GhodaTulsi’in Hindi. The present review attempts to narrate the chemical constituents of S.dulcis and their uses. S.dulcis is rich in flavones, terpenes and steroids. Main chemical constituents such as scoparic acid A-C, scopadulcic acid A and B, scopadulciol, scopadulin and ammelin have been shown to contribute to the observed medicinal effect of the plant. In this review we have composed the structure and functions of those active ingredients with their melting point and other physical properties individually.Some aspects of the several speculated pharmacological properties of S. dulcis have been validated by scientific research, which includes the presence of hypoglycaemic and antitumour promoting compound. It also has antimicrobial and antifungal effects as well as antihyperlipidemic action
Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Annona cherimola-A Review
Get PDFSeveral plant remedies have been employed in various medicinal systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. During past several years, there has been growing interest among the usage of various medicinal plants from traditional system of medicine for the treatment of different ailments. Traditional system of medicine consists of large number of plants with various medicinal and pharmacological importances and hence represents a priceless tank of new bioactive molecules. Annona cherimola Miller is a multipurpose tree with edible fruits and is one of the sources of the medicinal products. This review attempts to encompass the available literature on Annona cherimola with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities and traditional uses
Antioxidant and iron chelating potential of Pongammia pinnata and its role in preventing free radical induced oxidative damage in plasmid DNA
Get PDFReactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical-mediated reactions are involved in degenerative or pathological processes. Antioxidants are believed to play an important role in preventing chronic diseases by reducing the oxidative damage to cellular components caused by ROS. In the present study, Pongamia pinnata leaf (PPL), seed (PPS), and flower (PPF) were investigated for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH method, scavenging activities for different free radicals such as hydroxyl, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in mice brain homogenate, reducing power, iron chelating and protection of DNA damage caused by free radicals. PPL showed the best antioxidant activity compared to both PPS and PPF. The extract of PPL possessed most potent activity compared to other extracts in scavenging assay for singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and nitric oxide radical. PPF exhibited strongest inhibitory activity against hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite anion among these three extracts. PPL was the best amongst three to inhibit lipid peroxidation and Fe2+-ferrozine complex formation. PPL was also found effective in protecting plasmid DNA nicking at lower concentration while both PPS and PPF did the same at higher concentration. PPL presented highest content of phenolics and flavonoids among these three extracts. The present results show that Pongammia pinnta acts as an antioxidant, iron chelator and protector of oxidative DNA damage
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Flowers and Fruits of Alstonia scholaris
Get PDFThe ethnobotanical and pharmacological evaluation of plant based chemicals have shown rapid strides in the last few decades. Plants have been a rich source of important therapeutic agents and form the basis of herbal systems of medicine, like ayurveda, resulting in the revival of ancient traditions of medicine. The present study was carried out to investigate the anti oxidant potential of the inflorescence and fruits of Alstonia scholaris using an in vitro model system like DPPH assay and Beta carotene Assay. The methanol extract of the flower showed powerful antioxidant activity by DPPH and Betacarotene assays in comparison with the standard butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), l- ascorbic acid. For DPPH assay the IC-50 value was also calculated and was found to have a significant correlation between benzene extract of flower and methanol extract of fruits. Overall, the methanol extracts of flower showed higher anti oxidant activity than the frui
Ethanolic Extracts Of A. Paniculata (burm. f.) Nees And Its Active Compound, Andrographolide, Decrease The Expression Of Glucose Transporters (glut 4) In High Fuctose-Fat Fed Rats
Get PDFAndrographolide is a major compound (> 4%) of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. The compound is most active than the other compounds contained in the plant. Previously, the compound was reported showing hypoglycemic activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. The compound also improved the uptake of glucose in isolated soleus muscle of type 1 DM rats by increasing the GLUT4 expression. The disruption of GLUT4 translocation is a major factor of insulin resistance. In the study, we investigated the effect of andrografolid and ethanolic extract of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees on the GLUT4 expression in high fuctose-fat fed rats, a model of insulin resistant rats. Insulin resistance in rats was induced by high fructose-fat containing 36% fructose, 15% lard and 5% egg yolks in 0.36 g/200g BW for 55 days. In the study, andrographolide and ethanolic extract of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) showed potent hypoglycaemic effects in insulin resistant rats. In addition, these treatments and metformin could restore the depleted GLUT-4 expression in insulin resistant rats. In conclusion, andrographolide and ethanolic extract of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) decreased the blood glucose levels by increasing the GLUT-4 expression in insulin resistant rats
Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Study of Saraca asoca Bark Methanolic Extract
Get PDFThe study was conducted to screen for the phytochemicals constituents of bark of Saraca asoca (Roxb.), one of the folk medicinal plants found in West Bengal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The acute and sub- acute toxicity of methanolic extract of S. asoca bark on mice was studied. Phytochemical analysis of S. asoca (bark) methanolic extract revealed the presence of high percentage of flavonoids and reducing sugar in addition with saponins, glycosides, steroids, anthraquinones and volatile oil. In mice, daily single oral doses of S. asoca methanolic extract (0.3 and 1.2 g/Kg body weight) were well tolerated and no adverse behavioral effect was found as used for 30 days (LD50=6.526 g/Kg for acute administration) and induced no significant changes in body and organs weights. However, hematological parameters showed a significant decrease in platelet count (432±98.3, p<0.05) when the dose is 1.2 g/Kg body weight in relation to control animals, suggesting disturbances in platelet production whereas no effect was found on serum biochemical parameters like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin, total protein, uric acid, urea, creatinin. This study indicates that Saraca asoca is nontoxic for both acute and sub-acute oral administrations
Hepatoprotective Activity of Chenopodium Album Linn. Against Alcohol Induced Liver Damage
Get PDFDried aerial parts of Chenopodium album Linn. (Chenopodiaceae) are used in variety of diseases in traditional Indian system of medicine including hepatic ailments. The aim of present study was to validate hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Chenopodium album Linn using alcohol as chronic hepatitis model. Alcoholic [ALCA] and aqueous [ AQCA] extracts of the aerial parts of Chenopodium album at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/Kg were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity using biochemical markers and by histopathological method. The aqueous extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg was found to be more potent when compared to Silymarin. ALCA and AQCA [200 & 400 mg/Kg] showed significant hepatoprotective activity against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity as evident by restoration of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin content. Histopathology of the liver tissue further confirmed the reversal of damage induced by hepatotoxin.Present study showed that the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Chenopodium album significantly restore physiological integrity of hepatocytes. Aqueous and alcoholic extract did not show any sign of toxicity up to oral dose of 5 g/Kg in mice
Phytochemical investigation of extract of Amorphophallus campanulatus tubers
Get PDFPharmacognostic evaluation of Amorphophallus campanulatus tubers for alkaloids, saponins, coumarins, tannin, steroids, flavones, quinones, proteins phenols, carbohydrates. It was concluded that the extract of tuber contain important constitutents for pharmacological acitivit