International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Evaluation of wound healing properties of bioactive fractions from the extract of Butea monosperma (lam) stem bark.
Get PDFThe study aims to evaluate the wound healing properties of bioactive fractions from the extract of Butea monosperma (Lam) stem bark. In this study the stem bark powder was extracted with ethanol, further the ethanolic extract was fractionated with different solvents (petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and acetone) in increasing order of polarity. Thus prepared extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. The wound healing activity of the ethanolic extract and the fractions isolated from the stem bark of Butea monosperma were evaluated in excision, incision and dead space wound healing models using Albino wistar rats. The wound healing activity was assessed by the breaking strength in case of incision wounds, epithelialization and wound contraction in case of excision wound and granulation tissue dry weight, breaking strength and hydroxyproline content in case of dead space wound. The ethanolic extract and the acetone fraction showed the significant wound healing activity on all three wound models. The phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and steroids. The increased rate of wound contraction and hydroxyproline content in the ethanolic extract and the acetone fraction treated animals provides a scientific base to the ethno medicinal use of Butea monosperma, which is largely attributable to the additive or synergistic effect of their constituents
Antimicrobial potential of various extract and fractions of leaves of Solanum
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract and different fractions (n-butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane) of S.nigrum leaves. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a panel of microorganisms (four bacterial strains, i.e P. multocida, E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus and three fungal strains, i.e A. flavus, A. niger and R. solani).The results indicated that leaf extract and fractions of S. nigrum were mildly potent as antibacterial agent. While Antifungal activity of S. nigrum leaves extract/fractions was poor
Effect of Ocimum tenuiflorum Leaf Extract against Infective Endocarditis
Get PDFThe ever increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics as well as the undesirable side effects of certain antimicrobial agents has necessitated the discovery of novel natural products. The ethanolic extract of O. tenuiflorum was investigated against S. aureus isolate which is a major pathogen causing infective endocarditis. The total phenolic content in O. tenuiflorum was found to be 1289 μg gallic acid equivalent/g and HPLC profile revealed the presence of catechin, Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. The antibacterial profile of O. tenuiflorum against S. aureus isolate from infective endocarditis patients exhibited significant inhibition at the MIC of 50 μg/ml and the standard antibiotic Vancomycin showed inhibition at 40 ng/ml. Percent inhibition of viable growth was found to be >95% and the scanning electron micrographs (SEM) revealed the disruption of the membrane of S. aureus treated with O. tenuiflorum extract. The antimicrobial activity correlates with phenolic content of the extract. These results demonstrate the potency of O. tenuiflorum, could serve as a new source of antimicrobials with potential applications and related health benefits
Aloe-emodin novel anticancer Herbal Drug
Get PDFThe electrochemical behaviour of the anticancer herbal drug emodin hydroxyanthraquinone present in Aloe vera leaves has a specific in vitro and in vivo antineuroectodermal tumor activity. The compound does not inhibit the proliferation of normal fibroblasts n or that of hemopoietic progenitor cells. The cytotoxicity mechanism consists of the induction of apoptosis, whereas the selectivity against neuroectodermal tumor cells is founded on a specific energy-dependent pathway of drug incorporation. Natural compounds that have traditionally been used to treat a variety of diseases for hundreds of years (1, 2, 3) . We assayed only those natural compounds that have already been proven to be nontoxic, and we evaluated their efficacy against highly malignant tumors that are not normally included in the classical screening assays
Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Coriandrum sativum linn. In indian earthworm
Get PDFCoriandrum sativum Linn. (CSL) is popularly known as coriander in India belongs to family Apiaceae. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic potency of the ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. plant using Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthumad). The various concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml) of the ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride extract were tested in-vitro for anthelmintic potency by determination of time of paralysis and time of death of worm. Piperazine citrate (15mg/ml) used as standard. The result of present study indicates that the Coriandrum sativum Linn. potentiate to paralyze earthworm and also caused its death after some time. The shortest time of paralysis was observed at higher dose (150 mg/ml) of both ethanolic extract and carbon tetrachloride were found to 28 min and 45 min respectively. The results of the study are comparable to standard Piperazine citrate. The result showed that ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn. took less time to cause paralysis of the earthworm than that of carbon tetrachloride extract Coriandrum sativum Linn.. Thus the present study demonstrate that the Coriandrum sativum Linn. as an anthelmintic has been confirm as the ethanolic and carbon tetrachloride extracts of whole plant displayed activity against the earthworm used in study
Antibacterial, Antioxidant activity and Phytochemical studies of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaf extracts
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to evaluate Crossandra infundibuliformis (Acanthaceae family) for its antibacterial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents. The leaves of C. infundibuliformis were screened for antibacterial activity against six pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples such as Shigella dysenteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis & Staphylococcus aureus by extracting them in ethanol, petroleum ether and water. Ethanol extract exhibited inhibition zone against all the pathogens comparable to the standard (Amikacin), whereas no zone of inhibition was observed in petroleum ether and water extracts. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside, reducing sugars and tannins. The ethanol extract of C. infundibuliformis leaves appeared to be good antioxidant agent with maximum inhibition percentage of 89.27 ±0.284 % at 16µg/ml whereas standard Quercetin showed maximum inhibition percentage of 94.30 ±0.272 % at 22µg/ml
Toxicity Screening and Hypocholesterolemic Effect Evaluation of Aqueous Extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. in Hypercholesterolemic Induced Rabbits
Get PDFPrevious findings have supported to the ethnopharmacological use of Anacardium occidentale Linn. in folk medicine. In this study, the toxicity properties and the hypocholesterolemic effect of aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. were evaluated in hypercholesterolemic induced rabbits. Thirty Five male New Zealand White Rabbits were randomly assigned into five groups and fed with normal diet (NC), 0.5% high cholesterol diet (PC), 0.5% high cholesterol diet+10 mg/kg simvastatin (SC), 0.5% high cholesterol diet+100 mg/kg AOE (AOE100) and 0.5% high cholesterol diet+200 mg/kg AOE (AOE200). The study duration was set for 12 weeks. In vitro toxicity study has been performed using brine shrimp lethality test and MTT assay to determine the LC50 and IC50 values respectively while in vivo toxicity study has been evaluated in hypercholesterolemic induced rabbits. Blood samples were withdrawn at week 0 and 12. Supplementation of 0.5% high cholesterol diet caused the elevation of TC, LDL and TG and also significantly rise (p<0.05) the level of liver enzymes compared to the normal control group. For in vitro toxicity screening, extracts demonstrated very low LC50 values and no IC50 value detected. For in vivo hypercholesterolemic induced rabbits, extracts were able to prevent the increment of liver enzymes: gammaglutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase compared to positive control group. Aqueous extract of AO found to be not toxic and posses hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects in hypercholesteromic induced rabbits
Antibacterial activity of methanolic and acetone extract of some medicinal plants used in indian folklore
Get PDFAntibacterial study of methanolic and acetone extract in crude and treated (with 50 % lead acetate) form of medicinal plants Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br. (Stem bark, Apocynaceae), Achyranthus aspera Linn. (Whole plant, acantheceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Leaves, Morinaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Stem, Menispermaceae), and Enicostema hyssopifolium (Willd) (Stem, Gentianaceae). Extractive values in methanol were found higher then the extractive value in acetone, for all plants. All extract of plants were tried at 40-mg/ml concentrations against eight strains of bacteria, by agarwell-difusion test. Acetone extract was found more active as compared to methanol extract. Phytochemical investigation revealed crude and treated extracts of all plants were containing more or less same type of chemical constituents (except protein and carbohydrate). Selected eight strains of bacteria were study for antibiotic susceptibility against standard antibiotics like Ampicillin (10µg), Tetracycline (25µg), Gentamicin (30µg), Co-Trimoxazole (25µg), Amikacin (10µg), by Octadisc. Treated extract of M. oleifera and A. scholaris were count as to new source of antimicrobial agent for the infectious diseases (Typhoid)
Preliminary Investigation of Antimicrobial Property of Acacia leucophloea Leaves Extract
Get PDFLeaves of indigenous plant Acacia leucophloea have been successively extracted using different solvents like hexane, methanol and water. Extract was evaluated for its antibacterial activity using two assay method Kirby bauer disc diffusion and tube dilution assay. Results of the given study revealed that the methanolic extract is potential antibacterial agent specifically for E coli & & S aureus
A Screening strategy for selection of Anti-HIV-1 Integrase and anti-HIV- 1 Protease Inhibitors from extracts of Indian Medicinal plants
Get PDFEthanolic and water extracts from six species of Indian medicinal plants mainly distributed in the region of Western Ghats, India such as Morinda citrifolia (leaf), Garcinia indica (leaf), Garcinia cambogia (leaf), Salacia oblonga (leaf), Coccinium fenestratum (stem bark) and Calophyllum inophyllum (bark) were tested for their inhibitory activities against two prime enzymes of HIV which are HIV-1 protease (HIV-PR) and HIV-1 integrase (HIV-IN). The results revealed that the ethanolic and water extract of the bark extract of Calophyllum inophyllum exhibited potent anti-HIV-IN activity with IC50 values of 9.8 and 5.6 μg/ml, respectively. Whereas those for anti-HIV-1 PR effect were found to be 63.8 and 16.3 μg/ml, respectively. This result strongly supports the basis for the use of C. inophyllum for AIDS treatment by local traditional practitioners of Ayurveda and Unani system of Indian medicine and it is the first report on HIV-1 Protease and HIV-1 Integrase enzyme inhibition by this plant extract