International Journal of Phytomedicine
Not a member yet
664 research outputs found
Sort by
Anti-mycobacterial activity of Piper longum L. fruit extracts against multi drug resistant Mycobacterium Spp.
Get PDFA long tradition of using pepper as to fight against several ailments by the local tribal people is still in the practice, in many parts of the rural India. So utilizing this tribal knowledge base for this highly medicinal plant, an attempt was made to isolate some novel natural bioactive compounds with potential activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium. A bioassay guided fractionation of Pippali (Piper longum L.) was performed in five different organic solvents and their activities were monitored against different pathogenic bacteria including MDR Mycobacterium. Different fractions were screened for the bioactivity against Mycobacterium, and the structure of bioactive compound was characterized with H1 and C13 NMR. An ethyl acetate fraction of Pippali extract was found active against M. smegmatis (3000µg ml-1) and M. tuberculosis (39 µg ml-1). It also shows very significant activity against other bacterial strains like E.coli (152 µg ml- 1), Staphylococcus aureus (14 µg ml-1), Salmonella typhi (180 µg ml-1), Enterococcus faecalis (15 µg ml-1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (52 µg ml-1). This fraction of ethyl acetate was then purified and characterized as piperine [5-(1, 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-piperidin-1- ylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one], a well known alkaloid from this plant. Bioactivity guided fractionation concludes that Piperine is the only active ingredients in various fractions of fruit extract evaluated for antibacterial activity. Fraction having piperine has significant activity against multi drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium spp. than other purified fractions of fruit extract. The current finding encourages us to develop new alternative medicine that includes piperine alone and/or in combination with other drugs to fight against the drug resistance among Mycobacterial strains
Natural sources as potential anti-cancer agents: A review
Get PDFNatural products remain an important source of new drugs, new drug leads and new chemical entities. The plant based drug discovery resulted mainly in the development of anticancer agents including plants (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide, paclitaxel, camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan), marine organisms (citarabine, aplidine and dolastatin 10) and micro-organisms (dactinomycin, bleomycin and doxorubicin). Beside this there is numerous agents identified from fruits and vegetables can used in anticancer therapy. The agents include curcumin (turmeric), resveratrol (red grapes, peanuts and berries), genistein (soybean), diallyl sulfide (allium), S-allyl cysteine (allium), allicin (garlic), lycopene (tomato), capsaicin (red chilli), diosgenin (fenugreek), 6-gingerol (ginger), ellagic acid (pomegranate), ursolic acid (apple, pears, prunes), silymarin (milk thistle), anethol (anise, camphor, and fennel), catechins (green tea), eugenol (cloves), indole-3-carbinol (cruciferous vegetables), limonene (citrus fruits), beta carotene (carrots), and dietary fiber. In this review active principle derived from natural products are offering a great opportunity to evaluate not only totally new chemical classes of anticancer agents, but also novel lead compound and potentially relevant mechanisms of action
Identification of β-carotene and β-sitosterol in methanolic extract of Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq) nees and their role in antimicrobial and antioxidant activity
Get PDFThe Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq) nees is undershrub belonging to the family acantheaceae. Antimicrobial activity (disc diffusion method) and antioxidant activity by different in-vitro methods (DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radical scavenging and reducing power) of methanolic extract of Dipteracanthus patulus (MEDP) was evaluated. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of β-carotene and β- sitosterol in MEDP was carried out by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The total phenolic content of was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Experimental findings indicate promising antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal) and potent antioxidant activity of MEDP. In addition, phytochemical analysis and spectral studies of MEDP were also performed. It is presumed that antimicrobial and antioxidant activity observed with MEDP may largely be attributed to the presence of major phytoconstituents (β-carotene, β-sitosterol and iridoid glycosides) and other minor components may participate as promoters
Phytochemical investigation and antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata from western ghats
Get PDFIn this study the antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) and Andrographis paniculata collected from Western Ghats, Kanyakumari district, South India was made against common bacterial pathogens by filter paper disc-agar diffusion procedure. Both the plants showed considerable levels of antibacterial activity. Hexane extract of Gymnema sylvestre showed maximum inhibition against Serratia marcescens MTCC 86 and the Andrographis paniculata was effective against penicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 87. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of steroids/ terpenoids and coumarins in the extracts of both the plants. The bio-active compounds in the medicinal plants were extracted with Hexane and Chloroform (99 %) and further resolved by thin layer chromatography. Hexane extract of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) have 15 compounds and in its chloroform extract 25 compounds whereas 19 compounds in Chloroform extract and five compounds with Hexane extract was found in Andrographis paniculata. Further research is needed to characterize the compounds obtained and their mechanism of action on the bacterial pathogens
Hypoglycemic activity of Sida spinosa Linn. root extract in normoglycemic rats
Get PDFThere is an increased demand of patients to use natural products with antidiabetic activity and ethnobotonical survey conducted revealed that Sida spinosa Linn. root is used in the treatment of diabetes. The present investigation aims to examine the hypoglycemic potential of Sida spinosa Linn. root in normal rats. The root of Sida spinosa Linn. was extracted using ethanol and water and tested for acute toxicity according to OECD 423 guidelines. The ethanolic (SSE) and aqueous (SSA) extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. were screened for blood glucose lowering capacity in normal animals (18h fasted rat model) and Glibenclamide (GLB) was used as a standard. Serum glucose (SG) levels were estimated using a glucose oxidaseperoxidase reactive strips and a glucometer. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in normal rats. The results of acute toxicity showed that the animals had good tolerance to single doses of SSE/SSA in doses as high as 4000mg/kg and were non-lethal. In OGT test, the normoglycemic rats treated with higher dose SSE, SSA and GLB (10mg/kg) showed 30.36%, 25.24% and 33.21% reduction (P<0.001) in SG level respectively over the period of 120 min compared to normal control group. In single dose one day study, higher dose of SSE, SSA and GLB showed significant (p<0.001) reduction in SG levels (22.3%, 18.2% & 28.6% respectively) at 3h after oral administration. The ethanolic extract (400 mg/kg) was more effective in reducing the SG level in OGTT compared to aqueous extract with improved glucose tolerance. The root of Sida spinosa Linn. has potent hypoglycemic activity in normal rats justifying its use in indigenous system of medicine
Comparison of the antioxidant activity and total phenolic, flavonoid content of aerial part of Cleome viscosa L.
Get PDFCleome viscosa L. (Capparidaceae), commonly known as “wild mustard”, is an annual, sticky herb found as common weed all over the plains of India and throughout the tropics of the world. In traditional systems of medicine the plant is reported to possess beneficial effects as an anthelmintic, antiseptic, carminative, antiscorbutic, febrifuge, and cardiac stimulant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of 70% methnolic extract of leaf and stem part of Cleome viscosa (CV) by using different in vitro model such as β carotene bleaching assay, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity). Total phenolic content were estimated by the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as standard and expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and total flavonoid content was estimated by aluminium chloride colourimetric method. The total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Cleome viscosa leaves were found to be 66.38±0.82mg/g, 0.54±0.04mg/g and 77.30% respectively. Cleome viscosa leaves showed high free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC50 values in both DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) (373.18 μg/ml) and hydroxyl radical (573.55 μg/ml) methods. Cleome viscosa leaves possess high phenolic, flavonoid content and potential antioxidant activity, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity in comparison to stem
Phytochemical composition, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory potential of bioactive fractions from extracts of three medicinal plants traditionally used to treat liver diseases in Burkina Faso.
Get PDFOur aim in this study concerning the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions was to provide a scientific basis for the treatment of hepatitis B in Burkina Faso of these three ethnomedicinal plants. As a result, we evaluated polyphenol content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory evaluated by lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) activities of aqueous acetone bioactive fractions from three species of Malvaceae (Sida cordifolia, Sida rhombifolia, S. urens). Folinciocalteu; AlCl3 methods and tannic acid respectively were used for polyphenol content research. The antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluate using three separate methods, inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydramzyl (DPPH), ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Iron (III) to iron (II) reduction activity (FRAP). For anti-inflammatoty activity, lypoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities were used. Finally, in this study, the ethyl acetate fraction has shown the best results comparatively to the dichloromethane fraction
GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract of Wattakaka volubilis (l.f.) stapf. lea
Get PDFWattakaka volubilis (L.f) Stapf known to the Palliyars as “Kurinjan” is an important medicinal plant. The Palliyar tribe, inhabitants of Sirumalai hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. India, use this plant as antidiabetic. The present investigation deals with GC-MS analysis of ethnol extract of the above said plant. Fifteen compounds were identified
Leaf and branch extracts of Eriobotrya japonica exert antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Get PDFIn this study, the antimicrobial activity of leaves and branches of Eriobotrya japonica, a Lebanese endegenious plant, against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase -producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was determined and the specific plant fraction responsible for this antimicrobial activity were identified. The plants were extracted with ethanol to yield the crude extract which was further subfractionated by different solvents to obtain the petroleum ether, the dichloromethane, the ethyl acetate and the aqueous fractions. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) were determined using broth microdilution. Both inhibitory and bactericidal effects of Eriobotrya japonica on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were mainly observed with the crude extract of the plant, the ethyl acetate, the Dichloromethane, and the aqueous fractions. The antibacterial effect of the Petroleum ether fraction was limited with the leaf extract; however, it was acceptable with the branch extract. The lowest MIC90 was observed with ethyl acetate fraction for both leaf and branch extracts with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The concentrations at which most of strains were inhibited ranged between 40 μg/μl and 80 μg/μl. MICs and MBCs effects were detected within 1 dilution. This study constitutes a good example for the screening of antimicrobial activities of plants on highly resistant organisms of clinical importance; however, toxicity of these extracts needs more investigation
Nobiletin Increased Cytotoxic Activity Of Doxorubicin On Mcf-7 Cells But Not On T47d Cells
Get PDFNobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, shows strong cytotoxic effect in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to investigate cytotoxic activities of nobiletin alone and in combination with doxorubicin. Cell viability assay of nobiletin, doxorubicin, and combination treatments were carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis assay was done using double staining method using Ethidium Bromide-Acridine Orange. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flowcytometry FACS-Calibur and data was analyzed by using ModFit LT 3.0 program. Nobiletin (5, 10 and 15 µM) increased cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin alone in MCF-7 cells but not in T47D cells. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by the combination of 200 nM doxorubicin and 15 µM nobiletin in MCF-7 cells. Single treatment of doxorubicin 200 nM, nobiletin 15 µM and their combination induced G2/M accumulation in MCF-7 cells. Combination of 15 µM and nobiletin 200 nM doxorubicin showed strong synergism on apoptosis induction of MCF-7 cells. Single treatment of nobiletin 15 µM and doxorubicin 7.5 nM induced T47D cell accumulation in G1 phase and G2/M phase respectively, while their combination induced accumulation of T47D cells in G2/M phase. Nobiletin is potentially to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer, while molecular mechanism need to be explored