International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Antidiarrhoeal activity of leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera in experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats
Get PDFTo evalauate the antidiarrhoeal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of moringa oleifera leaves. The hydroalchoholic extract was evaluated using rodent animal models of diarrhoea like the castor oil and magnesium sulfate induced gastrointestinal motility, in a model of enteropooling induced by the administration of castor oil and PGE2, Charcoal meal test. Acute toxicity and phytochemical constituents were also been evaluated using standardized methods. The results of the present study indicates that the hydroalcoholic extract of moringa oleifera leaves was effective in inducing a significant protection against experimentally induced diarrhoea by castor oil and magnesium sulfate, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of frequency, weight of stools after 4 hours with respect to control. The extract also prevented the enteropooling induced by castor oil and PGE2 at all the doses tested. Acute toxicity studies indicated that the extract is safe till 2500 mg/kg. The antidiarrhoeal activity though, not ascribed to any particular phytochemical present, general tests performed indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannis which were reported to produce antidiarrhoeal activity. These results showed that Moringa oleifera leaves possess anti-diarrheal properties mediated through inhibition of hyper secretion and gastrointestinal motility that substantiate its use in the treatment of diarrhea in traditional medicines or folklore use
Protective effect of Pisonia aculeata on Rifampicin and Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Get PDFPisonia aculeata is traditionally used in treatment of liver disorder and thought to have a protective effect which may be beneficial to reduce symptoms of hepatotoxicity. The current study aimed to evaluate the scientific merit of these anecdotal claims in an in vivo model. Methanolic extract of leaves of Pisonia aculeata (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against Rifampicin and Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity as judged from the serum marker enzymes and antioxidant levels in liver tissues. Acetaminophen induced a significant rise in aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, gamma glutamate transpeptidase (GGTP), lipid peroxidase (LPO) with a reduction of total protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione reductase (GR), Vitamin C and E. Treatment of rats with different doses of plant extract (200 and 300 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.001) altered serum marker enzymes and antioxidant levels to near normal against acetaminophen treated rats. Also the extract was effectively altered the drug metabolizing enzymes such as Cytochrome P450, NADPH Cytochrome C reductase and glutathione S transferase. The activity of the extract at dose of 500 mg/kg was comparable to the standard drug, silymarin (50 mg/kg, p.o.). Histopathological changes of liver sample were compared with respective control. Results indicate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of Pisonia aculeata against rifampicin and isoniazid -induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Antitumor Activity of Methanolic Extract of Pisonia Aculeata Leaf
Get PDFIn order to scientifically appraise some of the anecdotal, folkloric, ethno medical uses of Pisonia aculeata Linn. (Nyctaginaceae), the present study was undertaken to examine the antitumor activity of methanolic extract of Pisonia aculeata leaves extract on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in mice. Tumor was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells (1X10 6 cells/mouse). Methanolic extract of Pisonia aculeata (MPA) was administered to the experimental animals at the doses of 200 & 400 mg/kg/day, p.o. The antitumor effect of the extract was evaluated by using survival time, haematological parameters, increase in body weight, solid tumor volume and peritoneal cell count. Oral administration of MPA increased the survival time and inhibits the weight gain of the tumor bearing mice. After 14 days of inoculation, the extract also reduces the solid tumor volume developed by the EAC cells. The findings of this study indicate that the MPA possesses significant antitumor activity on dose dependent manner
Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanolic Extract Fractions of Indonesia Plant Ficus septica Burm. F. on Human Breast Cancer T47D cell lines
Get PDFFicus septica Burm. F. (Moraceae) is a plant which grows widely in some areas of Indonesia and other Southeast Asia countries. Previously, ethanolic extract of the plant leaves exhibit cytotoxic effect on several cell lines including T47D cells. The extract also showed chemoprevention effect in vivo. In the study, the ethanolic extract was fractionated gradually by n-hexane and ethyl acetate to yield four fractions including n-hexane soluble fraction, n-hexane insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. These fractions were then investigated for their cytotoxic effect on T47D cells. The cell viability were assessed using MTT colorimetric assay. The results showed that the cytotoxic effect of nhexane insoluble fraction (IC50 : 9.3 µg/mL) was much more potent than this of n-hexane soluble fraction (IC50 : 331.0 µg/mL). Hexane insoluble fraction was then fractionated with ethyl acetate to provide ethyl acetate soluble fraction and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. The cytotoxic effect of ethyl acetate soluble fraction (IC50 : 13.7 µg/mL) was much more potent than this of ethyl acetate insoluble fraction (IC50: >700 µg/mL). In conclusion, n-hexane insoluble fraction and ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited potent cytotoxic on breasr cancer T47D cell lines. The fractions are potential to be developed as anticancer agent in breast cancer therapy
Neuroprotective effect of Vinpocetine against 3- NP Induced reduction of body weight and oxidative stress in Rats
Get PDFHuntington’s disease is a progressive, degenerative disease characterized by abnormal body movements symptoms like chorea and a reduction of body weight. Recently, it has been reported that oxidative stress, which is one of the pathological hallmarks of various neurodegenerative disorders, also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease. 3- Nitropropionic acid, a neurotoxin treatment significantly reduction in body weight. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (10 mg/kg for 14 days) caused significant loss of body weight and poor rentention of memory. Biochemical analysis revealed that 3-NP administration significantly increase in lipid peroxidation in the brains of rats. The present study demonstrated that inhibition of type 1 phosphodiesterase (PDE1) by vinpocetine (5, 10 & 20mg\kg) significantly reversed behavioral and biochemical dysfunction in 3-NP treated group. The result of the present study suggests facilitatory role of PDE1 enzyme in loss in body weight and oxidative stress following 3-NP injection
n vitro Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of the Whole Plant of Rungia repens (L.) Nees, Against CCl4 Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver Slice Culture Model
Get PDFRungia repens (L.) Nees (Family-Acanthaceae) commonly known as ‘Pittapapda’ or ‘Khet papra’ is used in the treatment of various diseases in Indian system of Traditional Medicine. The present study aims to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of hexane (RPH), ethanol (RPE) and water extract (RPW) of the whole plant of Rungia repens by employing photochemiluminescence and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that RPE and RPW significantly inhibited DPPH, NO and SOD radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was as: RPH (44 mg PCE/g) < RPW (154 mg PCE/g) < RPE (209 mg PCE/g). Significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of all three extracts. The hepatoprotective effect was assayed in CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in a liver slice culture model. The results revealed that significant depletion was observed in lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT, and GR on administration of the RPE and RPW or ascorbic acid use as standard in the CCl4- induced cytotoxicity in the liver. Ethanol and water extracts of Rungia repens have prevented significant oxidative liver damage
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Calophyllum rubiginosum
Get PDFClusiaceae / Guttiferae an evergreen shrubs or trees, it is considered as a family of 27 genera and 1090 species. Calophyllum rubiginosum one of these species and belongs to this family. In Malaysia they use it as folk remedies, where they believe its’ activity. Problem: Evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of three fractions. n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) of Calophyllum rubiginosum species. Approach: The three main fractions were tested to find out the antioxidant capacity using three different methods, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and chelating iron ions. The fractions were tested against lung cancer A-549 cell line to assess the anti-proliferation activity. Results: The MeOH fraction showed no effect against lung cancer cell line but achieved a significant result in antioxidant testing. The DCM and n-hexane fractions considered as moderate antioxidant agent, they showed a significant result against lung cancer cell line. Non and semi polar fractions were able to inhibit the proliferation of A-549 cell line at low concentration. The results were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusions: C. rubiginosum fractions have showed significant activity. DCM and n-hexane fractions proved to be effective against A-549 lung cancer cell line, where they were able to disturb the cell proliferation. These results can benefit the local community, and to guide how to use this plant
The ethyl acetate fraction of Gynura procumbens sensitizes widr colon cancer cell line against 5-fluorouracil but shows antagonism with cisplatin
Get PDFOur recent study has evaluated the ethyl acetate fraction of Gynura procumbens (FEG) as co-chemotherapeutic agent in combination with 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CISP) against WiDr colon cancer cells. This study aimed to assess whether FEG produced synergistic effect with 5- FU and CISP and to evaluate its regulation on proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death induction on WiDr colon cancer cells. (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT assay was performed to determine the growth inhibitory effect of both single (FEG, 5-FU, or CISP) and combination treatments. FEG (25-500 μg/mL), 5- FU (25-1000 μM) and CISP (5-100 μM) inhibited cells growth in a dose dependent manner and exhibited an IC50 value of 125 μg/mL, 848 M and 43 M, respectively. FEG sensitized WiDr cells that was treated by 5-FU, boosting its therapeutic potential. Conversely when FEG was combined with CISP, it caused antagonism. The antiproliferative effect of single and combination treatment was determined by studying the cell proliferation kinetics using MTT assay. Flowcytometry and (4’,6-diamidino-2- phenylindole) DAPI staining was used to disclose the mechanism of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. FEG inhibited cell proliferation, induced G1 and S phase arrest and apoptosis. The inhibitory effect was enhanced when FEG was combined with 5-FU, differing from CISP. According to the datas obtained, FEG possess sensitizing properties causes cell cycle arrest and cell death suppose to be apoptosis on WiDr cells. FEG demonstrates a possibility of additive to synergism properties when combined with 5-FU but shows antagonis with CISP
Anti cancer activity of rodent tuber (Thyphonium flagelliforme (lodd.) Blume on human breast cancer t47d cells
Get PDFThe incidence of breast cancer in developing countries showed an increase from year to year. The efforts of cancer prevention or treatment of the more important given the frequency of occurrence is quite high. Several studies have been focuses on natural products as agents of cancer chemoprevention and as co-chemotherapy agent against cancer. One of medicinal plant that is widely used as anticancer is rodent tuber (Thyphonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume). In present study, we investigated the anticancer acitivty of rodent tuber extract (RTE) in vitro. Study of anti-proliferative conducted on human breast cancer primary T47D cells. Furthermore, the present study also investigated the molecular mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. The study of rodent tuber as co-chemotherapy is determined by examining the effects on T47D and its combination with tamoxifen (TAM). The results showed the cytotoxic effects of RTE on T47D cells with IC50 value of 632 μg/mL. Low concentration RTE (below 250 ug/mL) are proliferative, while the concentration above 250 μg/mL indicated cytotoxic effect. Based on the calculation of Combination Index (CI), combination of RTE with TAM yielded a value above 10 indicated a strong antagonistic effect. In observation of apoptosis, low concentration of RTE (63 µg/mL) stimulate apoptosis better than high concentration of 250 μg/mL. However, the combination study with 5 nM TAM reduced the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, the observation cell cycle arrest by flowcytometry, demonstrated that RTE 63 and 250 μg/mL increase the population of sub G1 phase respectively from 14.8% to 53.19 and 32.90%. These results suggest that RTE able to induce cell cycle to apoptosis, but low concentration of RTE more effective than high concentration. Similar to apoptosis observation, the combination of RTE and TAM also demonstrated the antagonistic effect by reducing the population of Sub-G1 RTE (63 μg/mL) and TAM 5 nM, respectively from 53.19% and 44.50% to 35.86%. All finding results of this study provide information that the use of rodent tuber extract (RTE) alone is better than the combination with TAM. In addition, the use of RTE together with TAM reduced the effectiveness of TAM in the treatment of breast cancer
In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of extracts from whole plant of Alternanthera pungens H.B. & K. and leaves of Combretum sericeum G. Don
Get PDFResistance to current antimicrobial agents continues to increase and render difficult the fight against microbial diseases. There is an urgent need to find new disposable and affordable remedies to face this problem. Plants have been used for centuries for health cure and constitute an important source of drugs. In this study, the aqueous, water-ethanol, and water-acetone extracts of Alternanthera pungens H. B. & K. and Combretum sericeum G. Don were evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution assays. Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI) was determined for antioxidant activity evaluation. The extracts from the leaves of C. sericeum exhibited potent antimicrobial activity. The highest inhibition zone diameters (IZD) were obtained with these extracts. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.625 mg/ml) was recorded against Enterococcus faecalis for all the extracts from this plant and against Lysteria Monocytogenes for the water-acetone extract only. C. Sericeum showed also strong antioxidant activity with AAI comparable to standard antioxidant compounds such as Vitamin C and BHA. A. Pungens showed weak antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, comparatively to C. Sericeum. Phytochemical analyses showed also high total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in C. Sericeum extracts than in A. pungens. The use of these plants in traditional medicine is justified and they constitute a source for further investigations for traditional enhanced drug and active molecules discovery