International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Anti-allergic effects of Marmin, a coumarine isolated from Aegle marmelos Correa: In vitro study
Get PDFMarmin or (7-(6’,7’-dihydroxygeranyl-oxy)coumarin is an active compound isolated from Aegle marmelos Correa. The study aimed to investigate the effects of marmin on the histamine release from rat mast cell. The study was performed by using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL- 2H3) cell line and rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). The histamine release from these cells was determined by using HPLC fluorometric method. In this study, marmin succeeded to inhibit the histamine release from RBL-2H3 cell line induced by DNP24-BSA, thapsigargin or ionomycin. In addition, marmin suppressed 45Ca2+ influx on RBL-2H3 cell line induced by thapsigargin. Marmin also succeeded to inhibit the histamine release from RPMCs induced by thapsigargin. However, marmin showed weak inhibitory effects on the histamine release from RPMCs induced by compound 48/80, PMA or ionomycin. Based on the results, the inhibitory effect of marmin on the histamine release from mast cells high depends on the type of mast cell and also involves mechanisms related to intracellular Ca2+ signaling events by blocking Ca2+ influx into mast cells
Rapid RP-HPLC technique for the determination of phyllanthin as bulk and its quantification in Phyllanthus amarus extract
Get PDFA simple, specific and precise high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Phyllanthin, an important bitter lignan present in Phyllanthus amarus. Furthermore, the developed method was used to successfully quantify the Phyllanthin in the plant extract also. The mobile phase optimized for the RP-HPLC was ethanol-water 66:34 (%v/v) and that was very simple and cost effective. The detection was carried out using variable wavelength UV–VIS detector set at 229 nm. Linearity for the developed method was found over the concentration range 1–50 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Method was validated according to ICH guidelines and found to be suitable for rapid quantification of Phyllanthin in bulk and in plant extracts
Beneficial effects of artichoke on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and plasma lipids in rats fed by lipogenic diet
Get PDFArtichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is full of natural antioxidants and has a lipid-lowering effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke on the liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, plasma lipid levels, plasma malondialdehyde, and plasma antioxidant in rats fed by lipogenic diet. Male rats were fed by standard pellet diet (group I), standard diet supplemented with 10% artichoke (group II), lipogenic diet (containing sunflower oil, cholesterol and ethanol) plus 10% artichoke (group III) and only lipogenic diet (group IV). On day 60 of the experiment, liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity, liver triglyceride, plasma lipids, plasma malondialdehyde, and plasma antioxidant levels were measured. Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity, liver triglyceride, the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased due to artichoke treatment in groups II and III compared to groups I and IV, respectively. Significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde and significant elevation in plasma antioxidant power observed in groups II and III compared to groups I and IV, respectively. The results clearly indicated that artichoke can be useful for the reduction of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity and liver triglyceride. Also, artichoke has beneficial effects in the controlling of hyperlipidemia, abnormalities in lipid profiles and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic regimes
Studies on Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Plant Extracts
Get PDFThe antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts was screened against 3 gram positive and 3 gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. 80 µl of test extract was suspended in the wells. A control well is loaded with equal amount of the solvent i.e. methanol. The plates were then incubated at 37ºC for 24-48 hours. After proper incubation the plates around the extract impregnated wells and this clear zone of growth inhibition was measured in terms of diameter (mm). The inhibition zone is the mean of the three replicates, excluding the well diameter. The (-) sign indicates no activity. Only the aqueous extracts of A. nilotica (leaf and stem) and L. inermis (leaves) were found inhibitory to some of the organisms tested i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella typhimurium was only inhibited by aqueous extracts of L. inermis (leaves) whereas the rest of the aqueous extracts were found to be inactive against all the test organisms. The maximum activity was shown by aqueous extracts of L. inermis (leaf) against Staphylococcus aureus that is 1.9 mm diameter of inhibition zone and the minimum was observed in the case of aqueous extracts of Pergularia daemia (stem) i.e. 0.6 mm diameter of inhibition zone against Bacillus subtilis . Salmonella epidermidis was found to most resistance to aqueous extracts of the plant followed by Salmonella typhimurium
Preliminary phytochemical analysis & Invitro Antibacterial activity of Acacia catechu willd Bark against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis & Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Get PDFThe objective of our study is to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic bark extract of Acacia catechu willd against selected oral microbes and to investigate the phytochemicals present in it. The inhibitory effect of the extract were tested against selected oral microbes by using the Macro broth dilution method .The ethanolic bark extract of Acacia catechu exhibited antibacterial activity against streptococcus mitis with minimum bactericidal concentration of 500µg/ml whereas the MBC for streptococcus sanguis and Lactobacillus acidophilus were found to be 1mg/ml, 5mg/ml,10mg/ml and the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, amino acids , saponins, triterpenoids. The ethanolic bark extract of Acacia catechu willd was found to be bactericidal in action against tested bacterial strains and these action may be due to the presence of phytochemical constituents in it
The Botany, Chemistry, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Application of Oxalis Corniculata Linn– A Review
Get PDFOxalis corniculata Linn. is an endangered and medicinally important plant indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its medicinal usage is reported in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the Chinese, British and the American pharmacopoeias and in different traditional system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. The review reveals that wide ranges of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant like flavanoids, tannins, phytosterols, phenol, glycoseides, fatty acids, galactoglycerolipid and volatile oil. The leaves contain flavonoids, iso vitexine and vitexine-2”- O- beta – D- glucopyrunoside. It is rich source of essential fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and stearic acids and it possesses important activities like Antioxidant, Anticancer, anthelmintic, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Steroidogenic, Antimicrobial, Antiamoebic, Antifungal, Astringent, Depurative, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Febrifuge, Cardio relaxan, stomachic and Styptic have also been reported. These repots are very encouraging and indicate that herb should be studied more expensively for its therapeutic benefits. This article briefly reviews the botany, pharmacology, biochemistry and therapeutic application of the plant. This is an attempt to compile and document information on different aspects of Oxalis corniculata and highlight the need for research and development
Antioxidant potential of different extracts and fractions of Catharanthus roseus shoots
Get PDFAntioxidant effectiveness of indigenous medicinal plant C. roseus shoots extracts and fractions with solvents of different polarity (n–hexane, ethylacetate, methanol, chloroform) was assessed for total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The C. roseus extracts and fractions contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents 3.2 to 8.5 GAE (g/100g per dry matter) and total flavonoid contents 1.8 to 5.4 CE (g/100 of per dry matter). The C. roseus shoots extracts and fractions also exhibited good DPPH radical IC50, 28.2 to 119 µg/ml and Inhibition of Peroxidation in Linoleic Acid (38.4 to75.1%) respectively. Of the C. roseus shoots extracts and fractions tested, 100% methanolic extract exhibited the maximum antioxidant activity, the results of the present investigation demonstrated significant (p<0.05) variations in the antioxidant activity. The results of the present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that C. roseus extracts and fractions are a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and nutraceutical applications
Preliminary Investigation of Antipyretic Activity of Trinpanchmool Extracts
Get PDFCurrent research work is to evaluate the antipyretic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of trinpanchmool on the wistar rats. Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia method was used to evaluate febrifuge effect of trinpanchmool extract along with its comparison with its individual constituents on the wistar rats. Darbh, Ikshu and SAR was having better antipyretic activity than the standard drug paracetamol. Combination of the drugs was having better antipyretic that paracetamol but lesser than the individual drugs. Trinpanchmool and its individual drugs are having febrifugatic effect better than our standard paracetamol
Chemopreventive effect of Phyllanthus polyphyllus against N-nitrosodiethylamine induced liver tumors in wistar rats
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of methanol extract of Phyllanthus polyphyllus (MPP) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 200mg/kg) induced experimental liver tumors in male wistar rats. Administration of Phyllanthus polyphyllus (200 and 400mg/kg) effectively suppressed liver tumor induced by DEN as revealed by decrease in DEN induced elevated levels of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (LPO), deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA), ribo nucleic acid (RNA) and liver weight. The extract produced an increase in mitochondrial enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and non enzymatic antioxidants (Reduced Glutathione (GSH)) levels when compared to liver tumor bearing animals. Our data suggest that MPP may extend its chemopreventive effect by modulating the levels of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, DNA and RNA and liver weight and augmenting mitochondrial antioxidant defense system
Curcuma longa leaves exhibits a potential antioxidant, antibacterial and immunomodulating properties
Get PDFThe use of herbs to treat illness has its roots in an ancient holistic healing tradition that originated in Asia more than 3000 years ago. Plants rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites like tannins, terpanoids, alkaloids, alkaloids and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Turmeric, a representative of plant genus Curcuma, is the member of ginger family, Zingiberaceae. There are five different varieties we have taken Curcuma amada, Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma longa, Curcuma zeodaria, Curcuma caesia. The active substance of turmeric is the polyphenol curcumin, also known as natural yellow 3. It exists at atleast 2 tautomeric forms, keto and enol. It has aroma and flavour and it is used in cosmetics and food additive besides medicinal properties. The present study is a new attempt in leaves segments of the plant Curcuma longa to prove the medicinal potential of the whole plant. This study also includes the comparison of the different species of Curcuma. The active constituents of turmeric are the flavonoid curcumin and volatile oils including turmeron, atlanton and gingibaron. Our experiments are based on 50% methanolic extract of Curcuma leaves to perform anti bacterial, anti oxidant and immunomodulating properties. The antibacterial activity has been done by the help of Disc Diffusion Susceptibility Testing (Kirby-Bauer Method) against four species of bacteria which include Bacillus cereus, Diploccocus pneumoneae, Streptococcus pyrogens & Micrococcus glutamicus. Antioxidant activity has been detected by the Fenton’s reaction. Immunomodulation activity has been seen in curcuma leaves. The results of the present study reveal that all the five species of curcuma exhibit an antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity on different concentration of leave extract. The extract was found to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages against yeast cells. However, the best activity has been revealed by curcuma longa among the all species of curcuma. In near future the pharmaceuticals studies can be extended to prove its tremendous medicinal properties in case of drug preparation for immune cell properties enhancement and to prove its potential value unlike Curcuma rhizome