International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Seasonal variation of phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of Melilotus indicus and its sub-fractions in different solvents
Get PDFIn the present work, seasonal variations of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of methanolic extract of Melilotus indicus and its sub-fractions in different solvents have been evaluated. The study was conducted on plant samples collected in February and April which are its flowering and fruiting seasons respectively. Both phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in methanolic extract of the plant collected in April than in February. Free radical scavenging activity measured through DPPH method was low in methanolic extracts of both the samples, although it decreased as we go from February to April. Ethyl acetate fractions showed highest % inhibition. Total antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts measured through phosphomolybdate assay remained almost same. Chloroform fraction showed the highest value in both the seasons with value in April higher than in February, 57.24 and 46.44 µg of ascorbic acid equivalents per mg of the dried mass, respectively. The methanolic extract of April sample showed higher FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) value than that of February. In February, ethyl acetate fraction showed highest FRAP value, while in April, chloroform exhibited the highest value. Methanolic extracts and fractions in all solvents showed remarkable ability to inhibit peroxidation in linoleic acid. After 72 hours, all samples were much more effective than the standard BHA. Seasonal variations affect biosynthesis of different types of antioxidant and free radical scavenging compounds in Melilotus indicus. Thus, the medicinal and nutritional value of the plant will depend on harvesting season
Pharmacognostic Studies and Antiinflammatory Activities of Clerodendrum Volubile P Beauv Leaf
Get PDFClerodendrum volubile P Beauv (Verbenaceae) is a climbing shrub used traditionally in the treatment of swelling, gout and venereal diseases. In this study, the microscopic, macroscopic, phytochemical analysis and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using standard procedures. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside while the methanol extract, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activities when compared to the effect of the reference drug Diclofenac sodium
Screening of antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and antifungal activities and HPLC-MS identification of the bioactive phenolics of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.
No full textEclipta alba is commonly used in traditional medicine for several ethnobotanical properties. Researchers have isolated several bioactive compounds of this plant. In Burkina Faso, this medicinal plant is mainly used for its antifungal properties. Our study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antifungal activities and to quantify polyphenols from Eclipta alba extracts using HPLC-MS. The crude extract (CE) and fractions of this plant were used for these activities through standard methods. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and acetonitrile fraction (ACNF) have been the potential inhibitors of the liver lipids peroxidation (According to the thiobarbituric acid method) with the percentages of 65.48% and 65.13%, respectively. Concerning the ABTS radical cation scavenging capacity descript by Guenné, ACNF (67.28 mg T/g of extract) and butanol fraction (BF) (66.03 mg T/g of extract) have presented the highest activities. BF has also presented an interesting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with a percentage of 55.82%. For antifungal activity, the crude extract and ACNF have given the better MIC values against C. albican and T. beigelii with a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL using microplate method descript by Eloff. The strain C. krusei was only sensitive to butanol fraction. The polyphenols identified and quantified using HPLC-MS are: gentisic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, luteolin and quercetin. The butanol fraction of E. alba presented the best activities for the tests performed; this fraction is a good ways to isolate new anti-fungal and anti-acetylcholinesterase compounds
Nootropic activity of butanolic extract Passiflora ncarnata leaves
Get PDFAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among people of age 65 and older. Nootropics are a class of psychotropic drugs that enhance learning, acquisition and reverse learning impairments in experimental animals. Numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders in the traditional medicine. Passiflora incarnata Linn (Family: Passifloraceae) has been widely used in traditional medicine as sedative, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and wormicidal. Till date there are no reports on nootropic activity of Passiflora incarnata. Hence, in the present study, nootropic activity of n-butanol extract of P. incarnata leaves (BEPI) was studied using elevated plus maze and object recognition test. The results of the study signified that n-butanol extract of P. incarnata leaves containing flavonoids possessed nootropic activity indicated by shortening of transfer latency (TL) and an increase in discrimination index. Pretreatment with BEPI protected the animals from memory deficits produced by scopolamine. The results of present study confirmed that nootropic effect of BEPI is mediated through facilitation of brain cholinergic neurotransmission and major phytoconstituent like flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic compounds may be responsible for nootropic effect of P. incarnat
Chemical composition and nutritional effect of Physalis peruviana husk as hepato-renal protective agent
Get PDFThis work is designed to investigate the potential of Physalis peruviana as hepato-renal protective agent against fibrosis. Two compounds (15-desacetylphysabubenolide and Betuline) were isolated and their structures were elucidated. The biological evaluation was conducted on different rats groups; control, control treated with the methanolic husk extract, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), CCl4 treated with husk extract and CCl4 treated with silymarin. The evaluation was done through measuring oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO). Liver function indices; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST & ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilitubin and total hepatic protein were estimated. Kidney disorder biomarkers; creatinine, urea and serum protein were evaluated. The results revealed improvement of all the investigated parameters. Liver and kidney histopathologyical analysis confirmed our results. In conclusion, Physalis peruviana succeeded to protect liver and kidney against fibrosis. Further studies are needed for its pharmacological and clinical uses
n vitro antioxidant activity and polyphenol estimation of methanolic extract of endangered medicinal tree species, Hildegardia populifolia (Roxb.) Schott & Endl.
Get PDFAntioxidant property of methanolic leaf and stem bark extracts of the endangered medicinal tree species, Hildegardia populifolia was evaluated by studying the contents of total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids, free radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrozyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, ABTS·+ assay and metal chelating activity. The results of the study revealed that both the parts studied were found to have potent antioxidant activity against DPPH, hydroxyl and ABTS·+ radicals with the IC50 value of 92.86 and 309.83 for methanolic extracts of leaf and stem bark respectively for DPPH radicals and 820.30 (leaf) and 456.71 (stem bark) for hydroxyl radicals. Therefore methanolic extracts of both leaf and stem bark of H. populifolia can be considered as a new potential source of natural antioxidants for pharmaceutical industries
Haberlea rhodopensis (Friv.) reduces chromosomal aberrations in whole body irradiated rabbits
Get PDFRadioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Haberlea rhodopensis have been studied by examining chromosome aberration in irradiated rabbits. Healthy adult New Zeland rabbits were injected intramuscularly (im) with 120 mg/kg body weight before and after irradiation or with double distilled water (DDW). They were exposed to whole body irradiation of 2.0 Gy gamma rays. After 24 h chromosomal aberrations were studied in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radiation (2.0 Gy) increased the number of aberrant cells from less than 3% in controls to almost 25%. Treatment with the total extract of Haberlea rhodopensis (HR) before and after irradiation resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of aberrant metaphases as well as in the different types of aberration scored. Our results proved the ameliorating role of HR against radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in rabbits.Further experimental studies using different cytogenetic and molecular biomarkers are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of radioprotective action of the HR extrac
Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial activity of leaf and stem extracts of Sapium indicum Linn
Get PDFPlants have provided a source of inspiration for novel drugs compounds. In this study, the antibacterial activity was of Sapim indicum Linn. collected from mangroves area of Odisha was made against some bacterial pathogens by disc diffusion method. All the four crude extracts (methanol, chloroform, hexane, and petroleum ether) tested, showed significant antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibitions ranging between 9-31 mm. Among all the solvent, methanol extracts of both stem and leaf exhibited the highest inhibition zone against Salmonella typhi. Further evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed values ranging from 4-5.6 mg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and protein in almost all extract. The present study of in vitro antibacterial assay and preliminary phytochemical analysis may open new vistas for identifying potential bioactive molecules for chemical, pharmacological and herbal industry
Phytochemical Composition of the Extracts from Iresine herbstii and its Therapeutic use via Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential by Multiple In Vitro Assays
No full textMany plants have been known to synthesize active secondary metabolites to protect themselves which have potential therapeutic applications. Iresine herbstii leaf and stem powders were extracted using ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane and petroleum ether. Phytochemicals were investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) and the total phenolic content as well as their therapeutic potentials also investigated by multiple in vitro assays such as radical scavenging activity, Fe3+reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. Ethanolic extract was subjected for spectroscopic phytochemical analysis and therapeutic uses of I. herbstii extracts were evaluated by different in vitro methods. The total phenolic content of the samples, analyzed using Folin–Ciocalteau reagent varied from 34.67±0.58 to 103.33±1.53 mg/g dry weight, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was increased in a dose dependent manner and found that acetone extract of stem exhibited highest activity when compared to standard ascorbic acid. Cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of leaf was examined in vitro in HeLa cervical cancer cell line by trypan blue assay and observed over 85% reduction in live cells. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that I. herbstii has a significant potential to be used as a natural antioxidant and anticancer agent
Antioxidant and anticancer activities of polyphenolic compounds from three Acanthaceae medicinal species from Burkina Faso
No full textPhytochemical screening and biological activities of methanol extracts from three Acanthaceae species namely Hygrophila auriculata (H. auriculata), Nelsonia canescens (N. canescens) and Peristrophe bicalyculata (P. bicalyculata), widely used in local ethnomedicine, were carried out. Phenolic content quantification indicated that H. auriculata extract possessed the highest polyphenolics content followed by N. canescens and P. bicalyculata. Biological activities assessment showed that H. auriculata extract has the best antioxidant (through DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods) capacity. Acetylcholinesterase and Lipoxygenase inhibition tests revealed interesting activities from P. bicalyculata. Testing cancer cells antiproliferation, it was showed that H. auriculata and N. canescens) were of good interest (27.00±1.55 and 29.70±3.11 µg/mL). These results showed that the phenolic compounds of these plants could justify their local traditional use to treat inflammatory and tumoral diseases