International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Antimicrobial Activity of Lemongrass and Oregano essential oil against standard antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus and field isolates from chronic mastitis cow
Get PDFThe study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of lemongrass and Oregano essential oil against standard antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and field isolates from a chronic mastitic cow. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay were used to investigate antibacterial activity of lemongrass and Oregano essential oil while their combined effect with antibiotic were assessed using a microbroth chequerboard technique. For identification of the essential oil component Gas Chromatography Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis was performed. Disc diffusion assay revealed dose-dependent inhibition zone with lemongrass oil showing consistently larger inhibition zone than oregano oil. Lemongrass essential oils were further evaluated for its antibacterial activity in combination with antibiotic which resulted both synergistic and additive interaction. Lemongrass oil-amoxicillin combination showed synergistic interactions against all tested organism while the combination for lemongrass oilnorfloxacin showed synergistic effect for two field isolates and an additive for the remaining strains. The current study indicated that both lemongrass and oregano essential oils exhibit antibacterial activity, and lemongrass oil in combination with antibiotics could be a potential agent for antibacterial treatments against antibiotic resistant bacterial infections
Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of alcoholic and aqueous stem bark extracts of Limonia acidissima, linn in alloxan induced diabetic rats
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the alcoholic and aqueous extract obtained from the stem bark of Limonia acidissimaLinn (Rutaceae) using alloxan induced diabetic model in rats for 14 days. The alcoholic extract (200mg/kg) showed significant activity (P<0.01) in lowering blood glucose level than the aqueous extract (200mg/kg) which was comparable to glibenclamide (5mg/kg), a standard antidiabetic drug. Different biochemical parameters i.e. TGL(triglycerides), HDL, LDL, VLDL and total cholesterol level were also carried out which show that both alcoholic and aqueous extracts has significantly (p<0.001) reversed the diabetes-included hyperlipidemia compared to standard drug. Concurrent histological studies of the pancreas of these animals showed comparable regeneration by alcoholic and aqueous extracts which were earlier, necrosed by alloxan. The data suggests that the alcoholic extracts (200 mg/kg) may be effectively utilized as antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agents and supports its traditional usage in the control of diabetes. However, further pharmacological evaluations are required to isolate and identify the active antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic principles in the plant as well as elucidating their mechanisms of action
Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Sesa oil and Sesa Capsule In Different Hair Disorders
Get PDFHair loss can cause psychological stress to the patient. It may be prevented if early treatment is started. A holistic approach to stop hair fall would include not only therapeutic intervention but also an active search for associated nutritional deficits. Aim: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SESA oil and capsule in different hair disorders. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Ayurved and Research Institute. Totally 40 individuals, (12 women and 28 men) with alopecia were enrolled. All the patients were advised to use SESA oil and SESA capsule as directed. The efficacy was assessed on every monthly follow-up for 3 months. Patients showed a marked decrease in hair fall and increase in regeneration of hair. They also showed improvement in psychological condition and secondary parameters of hair disorders. There were no adverse reactions documented, neither reported nor observed, during the entire study period. Therefore, it may be concluded that SESA oil and capsule are clinically effective and safe therapeutic regimens for the treatment of different hair disorders
Antioxidant capacity and total phenols richness of Cistanche violacea hosting Zygophyllum album
Get PDFCistanche violacea is an Orobanchaceae holoparsite hosting chenopodiaceous, including Zygophyllum album. While Cistanche violacea, is known to have edible uses in the folk medicine, no data have been reported before. In the present study, chemical assays were undertaken in order to emphasize the Cistanche violacea antioxidant capacity and total phenols richness. Our data showed higher phenolic contents were measured in Cistanche flowers and Zygophyllum leaves, however Cistanche bulb was the most enriched in flavonoïds. Antioxidant activities were evaluated in methanolic extract of Cistanche violacea flowers and bulb among the host Zygophyllum album leaves. Cistanche flowers and Zygophyllum leaves exhibited the strongest scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) activity. The metal chelating activity was the highest in Cistanche bulb and Zygophyllum leaves compared to Cistanche flowers. Conversely, the ferric reducing power was significantly higher in Cistanche flowers relative to its bulb and Zygophyllum leave
Anticonvulsive and antioxidant activity of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera in ferric chloride-induced epileptic rats
No full textMoringa oleifera (MO), commonly known as drumstick tree in South Asian countries are consumed as food and have immense medicinal value. The consumption of the root of MO reduced neuronal hyper-excitability in psychiatric disorders. The present study has tested the efficacy of the aqueous root extract of MO in preventing epilepsy, a serious neurological disorder, from non-penetrating brain injury. Reducing power, polyphenol, flavonoid content of MO, and high performance liquid chromatographic identification of free radical scavenging compounds in the extract in the present study encourages its use for preventing free radical-induced epilepsy. Holtzman Strain adult rats, weighing 200-250 g, were assigned into four groups (n=6 in each group): normal control; sham operated; intracortically FeCl3 injected (100mM; 8micro litre); FeCl3 injected + MO pretreated (350mg/kg, orally) and FeCl3 injected + diazepam (DZ) pretreated (20mg/kg, i.p). Lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were studied as indirect parameters of free radical-induced brain damage. Serotonin, dopamine and nor-epinephrine were also evaluated biochemically from different brain regions. A statistically significant reduction in lipid peroxidation, CAT and SOD activity was observed in MO pretreated group when compared to the untreated epileptic rats. Serotonin level was found to be elevated significantly in cerebral cortex whereas dopamine and nor-epinephrine levels declined in the caudate nucleus and in cerebellum of MO-pretreated rats in comparison to untreated epileptic group and synchronizes with the changes with anticonvulsant diazepam. MO effectively prevents the advent of FeCl3 induced epilepsy by ameliorating free radical damage and by regulating protective neurotransmitters to restrain neuronal hyper excitability
Potential of Cassia auriculata and Saraca asoca standardized extracts and their principal components for alleviating diabetic complications
No full textAldose reductase (AR) enzyme and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) play an important role in diabetic complications such as cataracts. The purpose of this study was to look into two standardized plant extracts used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes, and their principal components for AR and AGEs inhibitory activities, and to evaluate their potential in combating the various pathological consequences of diabetes. Cassia auriculata Linn and Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wild and their respective major constituents, proanthocyanidin B1, and leucocyanidin were studied for their inhibitory activity against rat lens AR (RLAR), rat kidney AR (RKAR), human recombinant AR (HRAR), and generation of AGEs. In addition, in vivo inhibition of lens galactitol accumulation by the major constituents of the plants in galactose-fed rat model has been studied. The results show that both plant extracts and their principal components possess AR inhibitory actions in both in vitro and in vivo assays, and also inhibited AGEs formation significantly. In all assays carried out, proanthocyanidin B1 was found to be the most potent showing comparable or better effect than the reference compounds used. In both RP-HPLC and GLC analyses, rat lens galactitol concenration of procyanidin B1 ( 1.5, 1.6 mg/ml, respectively) displayed a slightly better activity than the reference compound quercetin (1.65, 1.63 mg/ml, respectively). The results obtained in this study give a new dimension to the hitherto unknown activity of the plants as possible protective agents against long-term diabetic complications
Flavones composition and therapeutic potential of Dodonaea viscosa against liver fibrosis
Get PDFDodonaea viscosa (L.) Jaeq (Sapindaceae) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids, ulcer, and pains of hepatic or stomach origin. The current study was designed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the plant and evaluate its activity against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. The phytochemical analysis has afforded one flavanone; 5,7-dihydroxy flavanone (pinocembrin) (1) and eight flavones. The compounds were isolated and elucidated as; 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4\u27-trimethoxyflavone (santin) (2), 5,7,4\u27-trihydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether) (3), 3,4\u27,5-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (kaempferol 7-O-methyl ether) (4), 3\u27,4\u27,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-flavone (quercetin 3\u27-O-methyl ether) (5), 3,3\u27,4\u27,5,7- pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) (6), 5,7,4\u27-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy flavone (7), 5,7-dihydroxy 3,6,3\u27,4\u27- tetramethoxy flavone (8), and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (9).. In vitro screening of ethanol extract, fractions of toluene and ethyl acetate, the flavanone and major flavone compounds as antioxidants was carried out. In addition, D. viscosa ethanol extract and two fractions were examined in vivo against liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. The evaluation was done through measuring hepatic oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The work was extended to measure serum protein content and liver function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Liver histopathological analysis was done for results confirmation. In conclusion, among the isolated flavones, compounds 3, 4, and 8 were isolated for the first time. The ethanol extract and compound of 6, 5 followed by 7 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities. Treatment with D. viscosa extract and its fractions attenuates the increments of MDA, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total protein and increased GSH and SOD levels. The ethanol extract showed the most potent effect. The data confirmed the rationale for the traditional use of D. viscosa extracts to hepatic disorders. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the isolated flavones as protective agents against liver injury and for their clinical application
Study of protective potential of Adhatoda vasica Extract against radiation induced genotoxicity: An in-vivo analysis
Get PDFIn the present paper, we provide an insight of the radioprotective potential of Adhatoda vasica leaf extract. Mice bone marrow cells were used as the test system. Animals were fed with 500mg/kg body wt. and 1000mg/kg body wt. of ethanolic extract of the plant prior to 9 Gray γ-radiation exposure and chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus assay were performed. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei among different treatment groups and the controls was compared. The results revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations as well as the micronucleus possessing cells in the groups pre-treated with A. vasica extract as compared to the untreated group. Better radioprotection was observed in 1000mg/kg-body wt. dosage group as compared to 500mg/kg-body-wt. dosage group. These findings were suggestive of radioprotective potential of A. vasica leaf extract
Comparative assessment of the antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of different parts of Nerium indicum
Get PDFReactive oxygen species (ROS) cause damage to cellular components. Antioxidant compounds scavenge or neutralize the ROS and thus have significant role in human health. The present study 70% methanol extracts of Nerium indicum leaf, stem and root were evaluated for in vitro total antioxidant, radical scavenging activity along with phenolic and flavonoid contents. The extracts were examined for the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid, superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide. The extracts were also tested for their potential as an iron chelating agent, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and total reducing potential. The present study indicates that the total antioxidant, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and singlet oxygen scavenging potential is in the order of stem>root>leaf. The hydroxyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and hypochlorous acid scavenging activity is in the order leaf>stem>root, whereas superoxide scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay is root>leaf>stem. Miscellaneous results were obtained in the scavenging of other radicals by the extracts, viz., leaf>root>stem for peroxynitrite and iron chelation activity, root>stem>leaf for reducing power and stem>leaf>root for nitric oxide inhibition. The phenolic and flavonoid content is in the following order root>stem>leaf and leaf>stem>root respectively. The present study revealed that the leaf, stem and root extracts of N. indicum are effective free radical scavenger and might be used as a natural source of potent antioxidant
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Investigation of Aerial Parts of Centella asiatica Linn
Get PDFIn Indo-Pak subcontinent, the traditional systems of medicine, both Ayurvedic and Unani are primarily based on the use of herbs and herb based preparation for therapy. Therefore, the importance of herbs identification process still remains the key factor in achieving the desired and successful therapeutic effect. To support the manufacturers and practitioners of both the systems, a huge quantity of herbs are still collected from wild source, as the herbal farming is not very much developed in this part of the world. During a survey program conducted in different areas of Pakistan, significant lacking and gaps were noted to be present in the identification & characterization of herbs which needs to be addressed and fulfilled as many species look alike apparently or physically but have different biological or pharmacological activity. Based on this objective and approach Centella asiatica was selected for pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical investigation to establish a better correlation and to provide useful methods in its identification as use of Centella asiatica is very common in Pakistan and other South Asian countries for CNS disorders therapy. Therefore, purpose of this study was to develop & report some and rapid identification method for Centella asiatica. The present study includes physical, physicochemical, preliminary phytochemical and fluorescence analysis. For the first time, in the present study NIR and FT-IR spectrum of Centella asiatica have been reported for identification. Finding of the present study are quite promising which can be helpful for the manufacturers and researchers in the identification and development of Centella asiatica based new drugs or formulations