International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadra pole- Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Characterisation of Phenolics from Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd
No full textA rapid method was developed for the identification of phenolics from Acacia Catechu .The analysis of phenolic compounds was carried out by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS). The accurate mass data for the molecular ions were processed using the software Mass Hunter work station (Agilent Technologies), which provided a list of possible elemental formulas by using the Molecular featured extraction editor. The subsequent structure characterization was carried out by a tandem mass spectrometric method. Fragmentation behavior of phenolic compounds was investigated using ion trap mass spectrometry in negative mode. The total fragmentation of the compound ion leading to other fragments was corroborated by MS–MS. Five phenolic compounds have been identified from the methanolic extract of Acacia Catechu
Free radical scavenging effect of Trichodesma amplexicaule against renal vascular complications in diabetic Rats
No full textObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and renal protective effect of Trichodesma amplexicaule extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Normal control, diabetic control and Trichodesma amplexicaule (100 and 200mg/kg) and glibenclamide treated groups. Blood glucose, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Aminotransferases, kidney functions and kidney oxidant/antioxidants status were estimated. Streptozotocin effectively altered the biochemical, histoarchitecture, malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme levels, while Trichodesma amplexicaule ameliorated their levels in the treated group. Results: Oral treatment with methanolic extract for 4 weeks reduced significantly Blood glucose, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Aminotransferases, kidney function parameter levels in diabetic animals. Furthermore, the biochemical findings were supplemented with histopathological examination of pancreas and kidney. Histological observation of kidney of diabetic rats showed degenerative changes in glomerulus and renal tubules and extract treatment rejuvenated kidney histoarchitecture. Results of this study suggest that Trichodesma amplexicaule offered significant protection against oxidative stress induced by Streptozotocin, as noted by increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase along with decrease in lipid peroxidation levels. Conclusion: The present work provide scientific evidence of the preventive and therapeutic potential of Trichodesma amplexicaule against kidney disorder in diabetes and thus may provide a promising drug for managing diabetic kidney disorders and assumes that activity may be due to the prominent antioxidant property shown by Trichodesma amplexicaule
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of leaf and callus extracts of Coleus forskohlii
No full textThough all sixteen combinations of NAA + BAP, and NAA + KN induced callus from leaf explants of Coleus forskohlii with a variable response, 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1.5 mg/l BAP was the most efficient (100%) followed by 1.0 mg/l NAA + 2.5 mg/l KN (86%). Investigations were made for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaf and callus on Swiss albino mice. Anti-inflammatory studies were performed by Carrageenan induced paw edema (acute) and Cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models, while the analgesic activity was tested by: glacial acetic acid induced writhing and tail immersion models. Maximum anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited by 200 mg/kg callus extract (43% in acute and 22.3% in chronic) followed by 200 mg/kg leaf extract (37% in acute and 21.8% in chronic) compared to standard drug, the aspirin (27.4% in acute and 29.9% in chronic). In writhing model, 200 mg/kg callus extract exhibited highly significant (p < 0.01) reduction in writhing count compared to 200 mg/kg (p < 0.01) leaf extract. In tail immersion model also the reaction time was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) by both callus and leaf extracts throughout observation period of 3 hrs. The results obtained supported the use of this plant in traditional medicine
Anti-Helicobacter pylori, proton pump inhibitory and antioxidant properties of selected dietary/medicinal plants
No full textIn recent days, emphasis has been on the use of edible sources for maintenance of health. H. pylori being a main causative organism of gastric cancer and ulcers, many researchers are working in this area to overcome the problem. The plants selected for the current study have application in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The studies provide the scientific evidence to antiulcer potential of medicinal/dietary plants of ethnopharmacological importance and categorize them based on multi-potent antiulcer activity. In the current study anti-Helicobacter pylori, H+, K+ -ATPase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of 18 different plants were investigated. The overall antiulcer potency of selected plants was calculated as antiulcer index (AUI) based on these in vitro antiulcer activities and categorized the plants into 4 groups based on their AUI. Overall study revealed Decalepis hamiltonii as very good (AUI 81) followed by Nigella sativa, Coscinium fenestratum and Zingiber officinale as good source (AUI 61-68) for antiulcer therapy. Among the rest, 9 plants were categorized as moderate with AUI of 41 to 59 and 6 plants as poor sources with AUI of 20 to 37. Thus the results of the current study contribute towards validation of the traditional use of selected plant sources against gastrointestinal disorders
Anthelminthic Activity of Lavandula Angustifolia Hidcote Extracts Using Pheretima Posthuma
Get PDFIn the present investigation, the in vitro anthelminthic activity of Lavandula angustifolia Hidcote extracts was carried out against Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma. Piperazine citrate was used as the standard reference and normal saline as the control. Five different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mg/ml) of chloroform and methanol extracts were used to determine their effect as time taken for paralysis (vermifuge) and time for death (vermicidal activity) of the worms. Both the extracts showed significant action in paralyzing and also killing the earthworms in a dose dependant manner. Among both the extracts, chloroform extract showed significant anthelminthic activity. Among the various concentrations of chloroform and methanol extracts, 12.5 mg/ml showed efficient anthelminthic activity. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that both extracts possess potential anthelminthic property and also suggest that further investigations on identification of active principles, standardization of dose and toxicity studies of this plant for drug development need to be carried out
Antivenom activity of ethanolic extract of Crescentia cujete fruit
Get PDFn almost every part of the world, where venomous snakes occur, numerous plant species are used as folk medicine to treat snake bite. Ayurveda states usage of specific plants against specific snake bite. Hence the present study was carried out to evaluate the antivenom activity of ethanolic extracts of Crescentia cujete fruit in experimental animals. The Crescentia cujete fruit was extracted using ethanol and tested for acute toxicity according to OECD 425 guidelines. The ethanolic extract of Crescentia cujete fruit at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were screened for the antivenom activity by in-vivo and in-vitro neutralizing capacity of lethality and neutralization of haemorrhagic lesion. The fruit extract at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg effectively inhibited Vipera russelli venom induced in-vitro lethality with 83.33% and 100% survival rate against 2LD50 respectively. The survival rate remains 50% and 83.33% with 200 and 400 mg/kg doses respectively against 3LD50. Whereas dose of 400 mg/kg significantly inhibit venom induced in-vivo lethality with 66% and 50% survival rate against 2LD50 and 3LD50 respectively. Haemorrhagic lesion was neutralizing at both dose levels with highly significant at 200 mg/kg dose. Hence the present findings suggest that ethanolic extract of Crescentia cujete fruit possesses significant neutralizing capacity of snake Vipera russelli venom which may be beneficial in the treatment of snake bite. Further study on isolation of active constituent from this plant extract is needed for development of new chemical antidote for snake envenomation
Essential oil analysis and Antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants
Get PDFThe extraction of medicinal plants has been used traditionally against pathogenic bacteria that caused infectious disease in human and Microbial spoilage of food and have been used safely in herbal medicine as antimicrobial compounds. In the prese nt study, The antibacterial activities of the oils were evaluated against human and animals pathogenic bacteria; the three gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia and four gram negative bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoni, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. In this assay, the selective plants were reported ethnobotanical uses traditionally and also referenced in some herbal medicine text. The essential oil of Stachys pubescens, Coriandrum sativum and Cinnamomum zelanicum, Bupleurum falcatum were prepared by hydrodistillation. The oils were analyzed by GC/MS. The number of 6, 10, 15 and 23 components was identified in C. sativum, C. zelanicum, B. falcatum and S. pubescens respectively. The MIC and MBC of oils determined with broth microdilution and agar diffusion method on bacterial strains. Results from the antibacterial testing indicated that B. falcatum, S. pubescens and C. zelanicum essential oils showed high activities and inhibited the growth all of the selected bacteria. While the essential oil of C. sativum displayed the moderate potential activity. Our finding supported the notion that plant essential oils composition or total extract may have a role as pharmaceuticals and preservatives effects as safely and effective drugs with low resistance against microorganisms. Therefore, these essential oils could be used for management of these pathogens as a potential source of sustainable eco-friendly botanical bactericides
Antimicrobial activity of Saraca indica against clinical pathogens
Get PDFThe antimicrobial activity of flowers of the medicinal plant Saraca indica collected from from the regions of Ambalathara, Kerala, South India was checked against the clinical pathogens by well diffusion method. Saraca i1ndica showed highest antimicrobial activity on methanolic extracts. The phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, proteins and reducing sugars. With the help of column chromatography the methanolic extract was purified and highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the concentration 2:8. By thin layer chromatography the compounds are separated and the Rf value obtained was 0.6. The compound responsible for the antimicrobial activity was partially identified as alkaloid
Quantitative phytochemical analysis and their antioxidant activity of Cocculus hirsutus (l.) Diels fruit
No full textAnthocyanins, a large group of red-blue plant pigments, occur in flowers and fruits of higher plants. The fruits of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels was extracted with acidified methanol and used for phytochemicals and antioxidant activity analysis. The total flavonoid, anthocyanin and phenol content were found to be 260±20 mg/g, 0.788±0.236 mg/g and 326.66±3.05 mg/g respectively. DPPH, ABTS and Nitric oxidescavenging activity exhibited an IC50 value of111.35±1.12, 80.90±0.39 and 79.84±1.48 respectively. The IC50 value of reducing power assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidase in egg yolk and Metal chelating and was identified to be 97.03 ±0.88, 107.6±0.48 and 200.27±1.85µg/ml respectively. The positive control showed an IC50 value of 39.78 ±0.07, 23.68±0.06, 63.62±1.22, 53.74±1.34, and 70.59±2.8 and 51.26±0.39 µg/ml respectively. The total antioxidant activity of the fruit anthocyanin exhibited highest absorbance of 0.382±0.005 for 100µg/ml concentration
Radical Scavenging Activity and Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta L. growing in Egypt
No full textEuphorbia hirta L. (asthma weed, pill bearing spurge), is one of the most important species of Euphorbiaceae indigenous to Egypt and widely used in folk medicine. It was the subject for many phytochemical and biological studies but correlation between phytoconstituents and biological activities were not well studied. The aim of the present study was to correlate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against two of the most important health problems in Egypt with the main constituents in E. hirta (phenolic and flavonoid). The different fractions obtained from successive extraction of E. hirta were screened for their radical scavenging ability using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) test in addition to cytotoxicity using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against liver (Huh-7) and lung (A-549) cell carcinoma. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using colorimetric assays (Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride assays respectively). Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction appeared as potent radical scavenger (IC50 5.4±0.65 µg/ml and IC90 11.9±0.84 µg/ml) and had the highest potency against Huh-7 (IC50 36.7±1.02 µg/ml) and A-549 (IC50 114.4 ±0.78 µg/ml) cancer cell lines. These results are attributed to the highest flavonoid concentration (23±1.06 mg/g quercetin equivalent) in EtOAc fraction in addition to high content of phenolics (88.9 ±0.57 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). Further studies are necessary to isolate and identify the ethyl acetate’s bioactive compounds and evaluation of their biological activities