International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Relaxant effect of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. on uterine smooth muscle
Get PDFJatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as pião roxo and extensively used for hypotensive, spasmolytic and tocolytic purposes. In the present work, ethanolic extract and fractions from aerial parts of J. gossypiifolia L. were assayed for their effects on calcium-evoked uterine smooth muscle contraction. Rat uterus strips were incubated with ethanolic extract (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml), chloroformic fraction (0.25; 0.5 mg/ml) or aqueous fraction (0.25; 0.5 mg/ml). Ethanolic extract promoted a rightward displacement of calcium cumulative curves, as well as, reduced the maximal contractions in 27.3% and 80.3% (0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively). Clhoroformic fraction inhibited the responsiveness of uterine muscle to calcium causing the maximal contractile response to be reduced in 27.4 % and 45.1 %, respectively. On the other hand, these parameters were only slightly reduced in the presence of aqueous fraction. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanolic extract and fractions from J. gossypiifolia reduce calcium-evoked contractile response of the uterine smooth muscle, corroborating its ethnopharmacological application as tocolytic remedy
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis flower extracts
Get PDFVarious flower extracts (Chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water) of Bougainvillea spectabilis were screened for their phytochemical constituents and also investigated for their antimicrobial activities. Phytochemical screening of flower extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoides, phlobatannins and terpenoids. Steroids, phenol, tannins, cardinolides and volatile oils were absent in all the extracts. All flower extracts of B. spectabilis inhibited the growth of few of the bacterial and fungal strains tested with varied effectiveness. The maximum antibacterial activities were observed in ethanol and water extracts. The maximum antifungal activities were observed in chloroform and ethanol extracts. Thus the bioactive natural products in flower extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis can be used in the development of new pharmaceuticals that address unmet therapeutic use
Phytochemical and clinical studies of the bioactive extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Family Leguminosae
Get PDFThe aim of this study was the isolation, identification of the bioactive ingredients of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Family Leguminosae, as well as the evaluation of their efficacy and ability to control plaque induced gingivitis in a preliminary clinical study. The dried powdered roots and rhizomes of G. glabra was subjected to successive extraction using organic solvents of increasing polarity. The total polar extract of the roots and rhizomes of G. glabra showed significant inhibition of carrageenan induced swelling of the hind rat paw (P>0.5).Seven phenolic compounds namely liquiriteginin, liquiritin apioside, neoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, isoliquritin apioside, licuraside2-(5-P-coumaryl apiosyl) and isoliquiritin were isolated from the total polar extract utilizing different chromatographic techniques (PC, TLC, CC, HPLC and LC/MS) and identified using spectral analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR and ESI-MS).The effectiveness of the isolated bioactive fractions of G. glabra mouth rinse in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis was studied clinically, after the approval of its safety, and the results were significan
Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of ArisaemaLeschenaultii
Get PDFEthanolic and Aqueous extract of ArisaemaLeschenaultii was evaluated for its Antiulcer activity against naproxen induced ulcer. Different extracts of blume of A. leschenaultii gave dose dependent increase in anti-ulcer activity against naproxen induced ulcer. Ethanolic extract of blume of A. leschenaultii showed better ulcer inhibition (55.8%) as compared to AEAL (36.5%). The present investigation revealed that ArisaemaLeschenaultii exhibited significant antiulcer activity by enhancing antioxidant potential of gastric mucosa thereby reducing mucosal damage
C-glycosyl flavones and a comparative study of the antioxidant, hemolytic and toxic potential of Jatropha multifida leaves and bark
No full textThe ethyl acetate extract from Jatropha multifida (Euphorbiaceae) leaves yielded two C-glycosyl flavones. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and compared with the related known compounds. The structures of the two flavonoids were determined as Vitexin (1) and Isovitexin (2). The ethanol extracts of leaves and bark and their fractions did not interfere in the integrity of erythrocytes, not even 1 and 2. In the Brine shrimp lethality method, bark extracts showed greater toxic potential than the leaf extracts. Both flavonoids are not toxic. The Phosphomolybdenum and DPPH assays were used in order to investigate the antioxidant activity of both compounds and fractions of leaf and bark extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction of bark showed excellent activity, with IC50 17.23 μg/mL-1, equivalent to the standard values, Vitamin C and Rutin. Compounds 1 - 2 demonstrated good activity with IC50 values of 54.37 and 87.27μg/mL-1. In the Phosphomolybdenum test, the ethyl acetate fraction of bark showed 86.18% of antioxidant activity compared with Rutin, and the chloroform fraction of leaves, 103.29%. In all tests the bark extracts were more bioactive than the leaf extracts
Standardization of Euphorbia hirta with Chemical Compounds Identification (GC-MS)
Get PDFThe present study was intended to evaluate the various pharmacognostical procedures in the leaves of E. hirta, (Euphorbiaceae). The various pharmacognostical parameters were carried out as per WHO guidelines procedure i.e., macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, heavy metal analysis, functional group analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and assay. The study was extended with analyzing the chemical compounds identification in the extract of E. hirta by using GC-MS. The assay part of standardization involved determination of the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) which could help assesses the chemical effects and establishes curative values. The extracts showed an antioxidant activity above 50%, independent of the extraction time. Six major peaks in the range of 600 - 1500 and 2800 - 3400 cm-1 were observed in the FTIR spectra. The chemical constituent aspect of standardization involves quantification of the main chemical components in E. hirta. The GC-MS method used for quantification of 1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid in the extract was rapid, accurate, precise, linear (R2 = 0.9981), rugged and robust. The concentrations of heavy metals determined in E. hirta extract are well below the permissible limit. The result of the pharmacognostical standardization of this plant serves as a reference piece and helps in future identification and authentication of this plant specimen
ntioxidant and anti-proliferative activity of different solvent extracts of Casuarina equisetifolia needles
Get PDFThe context and purpose of the study: Plants that have been used for traditional medicines are very good sources of phyotochemicals. There are many plants like Casuarina equisetifolia, which are still unexplored for their medicinal properties. In the present study, we have elucidated the in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of different solvent extracts (both polar and non polar) of C. equisetifolia needles. Main findings: In vitro antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of C. equisetifolia needles was studied by analyzing the total polyphenols, flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity. The polar solvent extracts showed significantly high amount total polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants and free radical scavenging activity compared to the non polar solvent extracts. The cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity of the different solvent extracts were analyzed on MCF-7 cells by MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, DAPI staining and caspase-3 release. The polar solvent extracts did not show any growth inhibition in MCF-7 cancer cells. But the non polar solvent extracts are very good in inducing cell death by inducing apoptosis which involves DNA fragmentation and release of caspase 3. Using silica gel fractionation and RPHPLC analysis the active component present in non-polar solvent extracts was identified as ascorbic acid. Brief summary and potential implications: Our results indicated that the needles of C. equisetifolia are rich sources of antioxidants and also contain potential anticancer agents. Detailed study on the mechanism of action of purified compound on inhibition of cancer cell growth may provide some potential anticancer molecule from natural source
Polyphenolic composition of Lantana camara and Lippia chevalieri, and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Get PDFIn the present study, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of two Verbenaceae (Lantana camara L. and Lippia chevalieri Moldenke: aerial part) were investigated. Their polyphenolic composition in the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were characterized by HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant capability of the methanolic extracts was assessed by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and the scavenging activity of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of the methanolic extracts (25 µg mL-1), and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) (12.5 µg mL-1) against 13 pathogenic bacteria and four serotyped bacteria from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were also determined by the solid agar dishes diffusion method. The results indicated that the L. chevalieri extracts are rich in phenolic compounds (among the 27 polyphenolic compounds detected, 20 belong to L. chevalieri) and showed the highest antioxidant activities, simultaneously on iron (III) to iron (II)- reducing activity and the radical scavenging activity. However, L. camara displayed the best and the broadest antimicrobial spectrum, especially on Shigella flexneri and Pantoea sp. (two Gram-negative strains of bacteria). The nature of polyphenolics compounds detected (phenol acid and flavone) in L. camara can justify this activity
In vitro antisickling activities of two indigenous plant recipes in Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFIn view of the prevalence sickle cell disease in Nigeria, the use of herbs for treatment of diseases due to high poverty level and inadequate distribution of health care centres in the country, two indigenous recipes consisting of six ethnobotanicals used in the management of sickle cell anaemia in Nigeria were screened for antisickling activity. Recipe 1 constituents were Detarium microcarpum (Guill. and Perr.), Harungana madagascariensis (Lam. ex Poir), Sorghum bicolor (Linn.), Tetracera potatoria (Afzel. ex G. Don) and Theobroma cacao (Linn.). Recipe 2 was a monorecipe of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thonn). Clinical blood samples of confirmed non-crisis sickle cell patients (male and female) were collected from the Department of Haematology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. Extracts of the recipes were prepared in 80% ethanol using cold extraction method. Sickling of HbSS red blood cells was induced using sodium metabisulphite. Invitro antisickling activities of the crude extracts of the recipes were evaluated using phydroxybenzoic acid and normal saline as positive and negative control respectively. Readings were taken at different incubation time (0 – 180 min). The two recipes showed varied antisickling activities. At 90 min incubation period, Recipe 1 showed maximum percentage inhibition of 71.6 ± 1.21 while Recipe 2 showed 60.0±0.51 percentage inhibition. The inhibitory activity of Recipe 1 at 90 min incubation period was higher than that of the positive control (61.8 ± 2.28) and there was no significant difference (P < 0.5) in the inhibitory activity of Recipe 2 and the positive control. All plant constituents of the two recipes contained saponins and tannins (except Detarium microcarpum). The two indigenous recipes significantly demonstrated antisickling activity. The results of this study validate the use of the two recipes by indigenous people for the treatment of sickle cell disease. The isolation and identification of active phytochemicals responsible for the antisickling activity of Recipe 2 could lead to the discovery of novel drug
Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Various Extracts from Mimosa hamata Willd., Mimosaceae
Get PDFJinjani (Mimosa hamata Willd., Mimosaceae) is widely distributed in India and Pakistan, which contains several interesting bioactive constituents and possesses health promoting properties. In this study, the antioxidant activity with the total phenolic content of different successive extracts (pet. ether, chloroform, n-butanol and water) from leaves, stem, root and seeds of M. hamata were assessed in an effort to compare and validate the antioxidant potential of the particular part of the plant. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and total phenolic content was estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. All tested extracts possessed appreciable antioxidant potential but n-butanol extract of roots was significantly higher in total phenolic content (73.16±0.19 mg GAE/g extract) and in antioxidant assay (IC50 = 5µg/ml). It is also noteworthy that in nbutanol extract of roots higher yield (85.60%) was also observed. This study validates the antioxidant potential of the roots in M. hamata and the positive relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity