International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile (Balanitaceae) roots bark
Full text linkBalanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del (Balanitaceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments such as syphilis, jaundice and liver disorders, epilepsy, ... This study was designed to evaluate acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Acute toxicity was assessed with the extract at a dose of 2000 mg / kg bw. The extract at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg b.w. was orally administered respectively to CC14-induced hepatotoxicity (0.5 ml / kg) animals. Silymarin (100 mg / kg) was given as a reference. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, PT, ALB and ALP were assayed as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities SOD, CAT and MDA. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) involved in inflammation was also measured. Results: Activities of liver marker enzymes, ALT, AST and ALP, total protein, albumin and showed a significant hepatoprotective effect. Regarding antioxidant enzymatic activities in vivo (SOD, CAT and MDA) of aqueous extract exhibited a significant effect showing increasing levels of SOD, CAT and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The production of NO is significantly reduced compared to the batch intoxicated by CCl4. Conclusion: Balanites aegyptiaca is endowed with hepatoprotective properties that can be attributed to antioxidant potential which could justify its use in traditional medicine in liver disorders
Formulation and Development of Spirulina (Athrospira plantasis) Loaded Chocolatesas Immunity Boosters
Full text linkAdults, as well as children, have a great need for nutrients such as Calcium, Iron, Zinc, Protein, and Vitamin B12. Spirulina is very rich in protein, omega 3 and omega 6 oils, vitamin, and mineral, and its incorporation into chocolates will enrich their nutritional values. Spirulina satisfies the nutritional needs by providing all these nutrients, as well as all the essential amino acids. Spirulina is unique and 100% safe. In fact, Spirulina is the only natural food that contains GLA (gamma linoleic acid) an essential fatty acid that is found only in mother’s milk. This GLA plays a very vital in balancing the hormonal system in the body. So it is actually very good to give Spirulina to the children. Our Spirulina Chocolates were prepared by simple incorporation method by addition of 1gm Spirulina by dissolving in 10 ml NaCl as a solubility enhancer as well as to mask the taste and smell. This chocolate form is easier for every individual to chew and absorb. The chocolates were assessed for organoleptic properties, pH, blooming test, and hardness. This significant study revealed the efficacy of Spirulina Chocolate Formulation and it would definitely have a wide scope in the future as an immunity booster and in treatments of malnutrition in children as well. Further study is required to reveal the quantification of constituents present in Spirulina Chocolate formulation by in vivo and invitro studies
A Study on FTIR, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Hypogycaemic Effect of Diospyros Kaki and Citrullus colocynthis
Full text linkPhytochemical, FTIR screening, Hypoglycemic study, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of Citrullus colocynthis and D. kaki fruit were studied. The interest of this study is to evaluate traditional herbal usage to treat many diseases around the sultanate of Oman locally. The functional groups that they contain are (O-H) Phenol, (C-H) Alkyl, (N-H) Amine and (C=C) Alkenyl groups corresponds to their biological phytoconstituents responsible for the medicinal properties. The antibacterial and antifungal activities revealed that all parts of tested samples shown good antimicrobial properties. While leaf of C. colocynthis methanolic extract showed highest zone of inhibition (24.33 mm³) against penicillium. Antioxidant assays were evaluated through DPPH (1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryllhydrazyi) and H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity) methods. Peel of D. kaki extract showed higher antioxidant activities than other parts. Antioxidant property of these fruit is due to the presence of significant amount of tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids on them. A slight change in body weight was observed in all mice compared to the control. All extracts except leaf of C. colocynthis show significant reduction in blood glucose level even more than the positive control which treated with metformin drug. From our investigation of screening different parts of two plants, the results obtained confirm the therapeutic value of both plants used in traditional medicine
Evaluation of in vitro Cholesterol esterase inhibitory and in vivo Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Plukenetia conophora Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
Full text linkHyperlipidemia is a condition of abnormally high lipids levels in the blood which has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart disease. The available antihyperlipidemic drugs have been associated with some side effects however, herbal management of hyperlipidemia are relatively safe, cheap and readily available. P. conophora is an edible plant consumed in Nigeria as snack and speculated to have beneficial effect on blood lipid profile. The present study evaluates anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract of cooked P. conophora nut using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. The anti-hyperlipidemic activity was evaluated using tyloxapol induced-hyperlipidemic rats by intraperitoneal injections of Tyloxapol at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and high cholesterol-diet induced rats by oral administration of high cholesterol diet for 60 days. Cholesterol esterase enzyme inhibition was used for the in vitro evaluation. Aqueous extract of P. conophora at varying doses, reduced the elevated lipid parameters in both models; the dose of 500 mg/kg showed comparable hypolipidemic effects with standard drug (Simvastatin) at 10 mg/kg (P<0.01). The extract also inhibited cholesterol esterase enzyme with IC50 value of 129.30±0.10μg/ml while Simvastatin with IC50 value of 51.42±0.13μg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of; Flavonoids, saponin, cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and reducing sugar. P. conophora extract exhibited strong hypolipidemic activity and the dose of 500mg/kg demonstrated equipotent activity as the standard drug; Simvastatin 10mg/kg. The extract also showed inhibitory activity against pancreatic cholesterol esterase enzyme; hence can be used to limit absorption of dietary cholesterol, prevent and treat hyperlipidemia
Anticancer and Antioxidant activity of Tephrosia calophylla against cancer cell lines
Full text linkTo evaluate anticancer and antioxidant potentials of activity of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla. The methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla was prepared and tested for in vitro anticancer activity by using human MCF 7, HCT-116, HEP-G2, A-549 cancer and vero normal cell lines. The antioxidant activity for the extract was evaluated by Superoxide scavenging, Lipid peroxidation and DPPH methods. IC50 values of extracts were parameters in both studies. The results of the study have shown that methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla has shown significant IC50 values against MCF 7, HCT-116 and A-549 cell lines which shows its anticancer potentials but inhibitory effect of methanol extract against HEP-G2 and vero cell lines was not significant. The results also suggest that the methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla has significant antioxidant properties against Superoxide scavenging, Lipid peroxidation and DPPH methods. The present study shows anticancer potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla against MCF 7, HCT-116 and A-549 cell lines
Evalution of Antimicrobial Potential of Some Plants Against Pathogenic Bacteria
No full textuscuta reflexa, Orange peel, and Grapes were collected, authenticated, dried and powdered for the Maceration/Percolation process with different solvents. Pharmacognostical study of cuscuta (steam), orange (peel), and grapes (fruit) has been evaluated by using morphological, microscopical parameters. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of identified the presence of alkaloid, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, sterols, tannins and flavonoids and solubility test of different polar and non-polar solvent. In preliminary phytochemical evolution, different solvents systems were tried for developing a TLC system for phytochemical investigation of cuscuta reflexa orange peel, grapes. TLC study of these shows the presence of gallic acid and quercetin in Ethanolic extract of cuscuta reflexa at Rf value 0.68 and 0.75. Chloroform extract orange peel Rf value o.4 and 1, water extract grapes Rf value 0.8 and 1 shows the presence of phenolic and flavonoids compounds, which may be use for various pharmacological studies for the betterment of human life who ere suffering from different ailments. The study concludes that the all the three extracts (orange peel, cuscuta and grapes) exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals by Brassica Juncea and Its Effects on Plant’s Antioxidant Potential
No full textPlants are good source to adsorb metals from soil, water for irrigation and environmental pollution. Toxic industrial effluents are a major source in Pakistan who contaminates food crops. The load of toxic metals in plants not only acts as source of toxicity for its consumer but at the same time affect the nutritional value of the crop. Plants are good source of antioxidants and save us from different diseases ranging from bacterial infection to cancer when consumed. But the antioxidant potential certainly disturbed if they are contaminated with these toxic metals. To check this effect on antioxidant potential we designed this study where we grow Brassica Juncea (common name: Indian Mustard) in botanical garden of our University and fed them with controlled concentration of three metals i.e. Cu, Ni and Cd. We study biosorption potential of these plants for four months starting from germination to a mature plant and also study the antioxidant potential of controlled (fed with ground water) compared to the four month old plant (fed with toxic metals along with ground water). The results of heavy metals analyzed on FAAS show a steady increase in metal sorption of Cu and Ni with increase in concentration and time, however the cadmium adsorption found below detection limit in each case. The antioxidant potential evaluated through “ferric reducing antioxidant power” (FRAP assay), “phosphomolebednum assay” and “Total Phenolic Content” (TPC) show a depletion in antioxidant potential with increase in metal uptake. Thus the antioxidant potential may also be a direct measure of adsorb metal in plant. These values when accumulated in water can cause harm to plants that will become source of different diseases. The values of the antioxidant potential in Brassica Juncea were found high in Blank as compared to that in G-3. This decreased antioxidant potential may be due to the accumulation of metals in plants of group G-3
A novel investigation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Ficus krishnae stem bark
No full textThere is great importance of the genus Ficus among the living beings since time immemorial. Besides aesthetic and religious values, many species of this genus are of use in day to day life as food and in traditional medicine. Ficus krishnae belongs to the family Moraceae, which is one of the oldest plant native to India. The plant extract is used as traditional medicine for healing various diseases. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the in-vitro anti inflammation and antioxidant potential of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Ficus krishnae stem bark. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies were performed for the extracts of petroleum ether and chloroform using protein denaturation inhibition assay and antioxidant activity was screened by 2, 2 diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ABTS, Phosphomolybdenum and reducing power assay. Finally percentage of inhibition of free radical and IC50 were calculated by the help of Statistical analysis. The results of present data has shown that the Chloroform extract of Ficus krishnae stem bark has contributed in causing high potential in-vitro anti inflammation and antioxidant activity fallowed by petroleum ether extract
INVITRO ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HORDEUM VULGARE LEAF
No full textObjective: Objective of the present study was to carry out in-vitro anti-oxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare belonging to family Poaceae Methods: The shade dried stem part of H. vulgare (1 kg) was powdered and extracted with chloroform, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous using soxhletion. The extract were concentrated using rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at 40 °C, till free from the solvents and thereby providing crude extracts which was subsequently employed for further studies. the antioxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare leaf using DPPH* radical scavenging model and to assess the antioxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare leaf and stem using Nitric oxide free radical (NO*) scavenging model and to assess the antioxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare leaf using superoxide free radical (SO*) scavenging model and to assess the antioxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare leaf using hydroxide free radical (OH*) scavenging model. Results: The graph was extrapolated between concentrations of the plant extracts and % of inhibition to find out the 50% inhibition concentration. The extracts were exhibited dose dependent neutralization of DPPH*, NO*, SO* and OH* free radicals and activity was compared with standard curcumin. The IC 50 of 310 µg, 620 µg, greater than 640 µg/ml ethanolic extract of Hordeum vulgare stem against of DPPH*, NO*, SO* and OH* free radicals, respectively. This indicates the ethanolic extract Hordeum vulgare leaf exhibited antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity was exhibited due to presence of flavonoids and tannins, phenolic compounds which was present methanolic extract of Hordeum vulgar
Ethnobotanic survey of the galactagogue plants used by Brong and Koulango, two indigenous peoples in Gontougo region/Côte d’Ivoire
No full textThis study aims to inventory plants and traditional medicinal recipes used by the population of Tanda (Gontougo region, Côte d’Ivoire) to boost milk production in women. Using a questionnaire, the methods consisted in carrying out a survey near the traditional medicine actors of 15 localities. Among 47 actors of traditional medicine aged from 34 to 80 years investigated, 70.21 percent. were women. These women had more knowledge on the galactagogue plants than the men (29.79 percent.of the actors). They were represented by matrons, specialists in lactation, healers and saleswomen of medicinal plants. Among about fifteen listed galactagogue plants, Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) was the most used plant. Leaves represented the majority of the medicinal preparations (73.33 percent.). These preparations were in 66.67 percent. of the cases associated with various other biological or mineral ingredients (pepper, meat, vegetables, ash, kaolin…). The direct application of crushings on mammary glands (cutaneous way) by friction constituted the principal route of administration (66.67 percent. of the medical receipts). Traditional medicine actors of the town of Tanda are actively interested in the search of solutions to the lacteal secretion issues which occur in the breast-feeding mothers. They have about fifteen medicinal plants which enable them to stimulate the production of maternal milk when a need is expressed