International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Ethnomedicinal plants used for oral health care by the Yanadi tribe of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textYanadis are one of the under privileged scheduled tribes mainly lives in coastal part of Andhra Pradesh state which are living in isolation and are treated as lowest social group and placed just above the scheduled castes in social hierarchy in the Potti SriRamulu Nellore districts. Nellore district has the highest population of Yanadi in the state. Like any other tribe in the country Yanadi also depend on herbs, barks and roots for curative procedures and maintenance of health. Enhancing the sustainable use and conservation of indigenous knowledge of useful and medicinal plants may benefit and improve the living standards of poor people. The aim of this study is to document the ethno medicinal plants used for oral diseases using a specific questionnaire form the traditional healers, elderly people and residents of Gonepalli village of Nellore district. Information on 3 trees, 7 different herbs along with alum and camphor is documented along with the details of the parts of the plants used. This study concludes that this documentation will help to preserve the rich herbal treasure of our tribal population as well as help the pharmacists to derive the active compounds and incorporate them in modern medicine in future
Hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of Pterocarpus santalinoides stem barks aqueous extract on oxidized palm oil and sucrose-induced hypertensive rats
No full textObjective: This study was aimed to evaluate the hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of the stem barks aqueous extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides (AEPS) on oxidized palm oil and sucrose-induced hypertensive rats. Methods: Hypotensive effects of AEPS, were evaluated in Wistar rats by intravenous injection of the extract (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg). The arterial pressure and heart rate were directly recorded. The action mechanism through which the extract exhibits hypotensive effect was performed. Antihypertensive effects of AEPS were evaluated by administrating the enriched diet in oxidized palm oil and sucrose (DOS) concomitantly with AEPS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) during 8 weeks. Results: AEPS provoked a significant immediate decrease of mean blood pressure and heart rate. Atropine and reserpine, reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the hypotensive effect of P. santalinoides. The enriched diet in oxidized palm oil and sucrose significantly increased the blood pressure and heart rate (p < 0.001) by the increase (p < 0.001) of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and a decrease of HDL-cholesterol. DOS also increased the liver (AST and ALT) and kidney (urea, creatinine) marker levels. The activity of SOD, catalase and MDA levels were significantly increased. The AEPS prevented the increase (p < 0.001) in blood pressure and heart rate. The Lipid profile, liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress markers were also improved. Conclusion: Pterocarpus santalinoides exhibits a hypotensive activity through muscarinic cholinergic receptors and sympatic central nervous system. It also prevents DOS-induced hypertension by attenuating hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, liver and kidney damages initiated by DOS
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Rutin Derivatives with Potential Antioxidant Properties
Full text linkRutin, a flavonol glycoside isolated from the fruit peels of Malus domestica family Rosaceae, is well known to possess antioxidant activity. This research was conducted in order to synthesize and characterize rutin derivatives and evaluate their antioxidant activities. Four derivatives were synthesized namely, Rutin-oxy-5, 7, 4\u27 acetic acid (2), Rutin -oxy- 5,7, 4\u27 methyl benzoate amide (3), 2\u27\u27, 2\u27\u27\u27, 2\u27\u27\u27\u27-rutinoxymethyl-3-amino-1 -benzo[5,6-a] pyrimidine-4-one (4) and 5\u27\u27, 5\u27\u27\u27, 5\u27\u27\u27\u27-tri-p-methoxybenzylideneamino-6-rutinoxy-benzo[5,6-a]-pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (5). Their structures were elucidated using different spectral data (Mass, IR and 1H, 13C NMR). The antioxidant activities of rutin and its derivatives were evaluated by reducing power, Fe+2 chelating, DPPH* and ferric thiocyanate FTC assays. In addition, the results were compared with natural and synthetic antioxidants, such as α- tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and trolox. Rutin and its derivatives were exhibited a strong reducing power, chelating activity on Fe2+ and free radical-scavenging. Antioxidant activity of rutin and its derivatives increased with increased concentrations. Total antioxidant activity of rutin, its derivatives and both standards decreased in the order of rutin > compound (5) > trolox > compound (2) > BHA > compound (4) > compound (3). This study showed that Rutin and its derivatives exhibited antioxidant activity in all tests and could be considered as a source of natural and synthetic antioxidants
Ethnobotanic survey of the galactagogue plants used by Brong and Koulango, two indigenous peoples in Gontougo region/Côte d’Ivoire
Full text linkThis study aims to inventory plants and traditional medicinal recipes used by the population of Tanda (Gontougo region, Côte d’Ivoire) to boost milk production in women. Using a questionnaire, the methods consisted in carrying out a survey near the traditional medicine actors of 15 localities. Among 47 actors of traditional medicine aged from 34 to 80 years investigated, 70.21 % were women. These women had more knowledge on the galactagogue plants than the men (29.79 % of the actors). They were represented by matrons, specialists in lactation, healers and saleswomen of medicinal plants. Among about fifteen listed galactagogue plants, Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) was the most used plant. Leaves represented the majority of the medicinal preparations (73.33 %). These preparations were in 66.67 % of the cases associated with various other biological or mineral ingredients (pepper, meat, vegetables, ash, kaolin…). The direct application of crushings on mammary glands (cutaneous way) by friction constituted the principal route of administration (66.67 % of the medical receipts). Traditional medicine actors of the town of Tanda are actively interested in the search of solutions to the lacteal secretion issues which occur in the breast-feeding mothers. They have about fifteen medicinal plants which enable them to stimulate the production of maternal milk when a need is expressed
Gc/ms analysis, in vitro antisalmonellal activity and mechanism of action ethanol leaves extract of dissotis thollonii cogn. (melastomataceae) against some pathogenic salmonella sp.
No full textBackground: Salmonella spp, which is a group of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Cameroon as well as in many part of the world, plants are used for the treatment of various diseases such as typhoid fever. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro anti-salmonella activity and the mechanisms of action of the ethanol extract of Dissotis thollonii against some Salmonella sp. Methods: The microdilution technique was used to determine MIC and MBC whereas gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify some components of the ethanol extract. The antibacterial mechanism of this extract on Salmonella Typhi (ATCC 6539) was systematically investigated by examining its effect on macromolecules (DNA, RNA, protein) synthesis, the time kill assay and bacteriolysis assay. Results: The ethanol extract of Dissotis thollonii showed MICs ranging from 64 to 256 μg/mL. This extract induced lysis of S. Typhi ATCC6539 and the time-kill assay revealed a reduction of about 4log10 of the total number of CFU ml-1. Additionally, the quantity of bacterial protein, DNA and RNA decreased significantly after treatment with this extract. GC/MS revealed the presence of 7 compounds, identified using NIST library. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the antisalmonellal potential of ethanolic extract of D. thollonii is mainly caused by inhibition of bacterial macromolecule synthesis (DNA, RNA and protein)
In vitro antioxidant anti inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities from Hexane extract of Bryonopsis laciniosa fruits.
Full text linkBryonopsis laciniosa also known as “Shivlingi” annual climber with bright red fruits and is reported to be highly medicinal in India. As a folk medicine, the plant is used in treatment of broad range of diseases and disorders. In the present study, Hexane extract of B. laciniosa fruits were used to evaluate in vitro anti inflammatory, antioxidant and Cytotoxicity (towards MCF-7 cell line) activities. In vitro anti inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation, antioxidant assays like DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 and FRAP were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the hexane extracts and cytotoxicity activity using MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Hexane extract showed the effective antioxidant activity in all assays compared to ascorbic acid and BHT. The results for In vitro anti inflammatory activity of hexane extract and Dichlofenac drug were equivalent, hexane extract showed promising activity for inhibition of protein denaturation assay. The cytotoxicity activity from hexane extract was noticeable against MCF-7 cell line. The overall results show potential application of Bryonopsis laciniosa fruits suggesting their potential application as a health-promoting functional ingredient or natural preservative in foods
Anticancer and Anti-metastatic Effects of Supercritical Extracts of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) in Human Glioblastoma
Full text linkGlioblastoma is one of the most aggressive, lethal and incurable primary brain tumors with a dismal prognosis in humans. Mango ginger (Curcuma amada) and hops (Humulus lupulus) are two botanicals containing phytochemicals with potential anticancer effects. We have investigated the anticancer and antimetastatic properties of supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (CA) and ethanol extract of hops (HL) in the U-87MG human glioblastoma cell line. Both CA and HL individually demonstrate strong cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cells. CompuSyn analysis of cytotoxicity data confirms that CA and HL are synergistic for cytotoxicity with combination index (CI) values of <1.0. Additionally, CA and HL individually as well as the combination significantly inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, tumor cell migration (transendothelial cell migration assay) and AKT phosphorylation in U-87MG cells. CA and HL inhibit glycolysis in U-87MG cells as indicated by the inhibition of ATP and lactate synthesis with the CA+HL combination demonstrating strong inhibition of glycolysis via the reduction of ATP and lactate synthesis compared to cells treated by each extract alone. CA and HL treatment down regulates the expression of proteins associated with metastasis, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and up regulates the expression of TIMP1. Proteins associated with apoptosis, inflammation and energy metabolism were also modulated by CA and HL treatment of glioblastoma cells. These results suggest that CA and HL can be combined for the therapeutic management of glioblastomas
Induction, immobilization, modification and natural inhibitors of α-glucosidase from Penicillum chrysogenum
Full text linkα-glucosidase (EC: 3.2.1.20) was isolated from Penicillum chrysogenum. The enzyme was enhanced by plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin. Dansyl chloride inhibited the enzyme at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM with T0.5 67, 52.2, 34.4 and 23.3 min, respectively. The substrate offered partial protection for the enzyme against dansyl chloride inhibition. The enzyme was activated by Ca2+ and Mg2+. However, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Hg2+ inhibited α-glucosidase activity. The enzyme was immobilized on Ca alginate and the optimal concentration for 3% w/v. The optimal concentration of CaCl2 was recorded at 3 mM. The optimal CaCl2 concentration and the optimum time for immobilization was 3mM and 4hr. The enzyme was inhibited by aqueous extracts of Datura stramonium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Hyoscymus muticus and Cynodon dactylon. The IC50 values for the four extracts were 59.1, 73.6, 68.5 and 77.1 µg ml-1, respectively
Antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, anti-α-glucosidase and prebiotic properties of beta-glucan extracted from Algerian barley
Full text linkBeta-glucan, such as barley-derived beta-glucan (BBG), are homopolysaccharides that have attracted attention by their nutritional and therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant power of BBG extracted from local Algerian variety of barley (SAIDA 183), and its acetylcholinesterase, alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity as well as its prebiotic potential by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria isolated from camel’s milk, namely lactococcuslactisssplactis (Lc.l.l) and leuconostocmesenteroidesspmesenteroides (Ln.m.m). The results revealed that BBG exhibited low activity against DPPH and ferric-reducing power (IC50 4018.61 ± 656.69 and A0.5 at 359.88 ±63.64 µg/mL respectively), in contrast to other antioxidant tests (ABTS, Beta-carotene and CUPRAC) where BBG demonstrated a moderate activity (IC50 529.91 ±26.37, IC50 161.013±13.322, A0.5 529.79 ± 48.65 µg/mL). The scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical by BBG with an IC50 at 2268.38±101.57 µg/mL and IC50 345.26± 62.32 µg/mL, respectively, while enzymatic inhibition by BBG exhibited for AChE at IC50 859.164 ±64.46 μg/mL , BChE at IC50 at 725.470 ±30.95 , α-Amylase inhibitory activity at IC50 2986.785 ± 37.046 . The bacterial growth of the two strains used in this study is favorably affected by the use of BBG as the only carbon source, in comparison with glucose as a control. In light of these findings, it can be concluded that BBG have shown moderate antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities and can be used as a prebiotic by acting synergistically with probiotics in functional food matrices
To find the efficacy of crude extract from plants on germination of seeds
Full text linkGermination is the growth of an embryonic plant contained within a seed; it results in the formation of the seedling. The seed of a higher plant is a small package produced in a fruit or cone after the union of male and female sex cells. All fully developed seeds contain an embryo and, in most plant species some store of food reserves, wrapped in a seed coat. Some plants produce varying numbers of seeds that lack embryos, these are called empty seeds, and never germinate. Most seeds go through a period of quiescence where there is no active growth; during this time the seed can be safely transported to a new location and/or survive adverse climate conditions until circumstances are favorable for growth. Quiescent seeds are ripe seeds that do not germinate because they are subject to external environmental conditions that prevent the initiation of metabolic processes and cell growth. Under favorable conditions, the seed begins to germinate and the embryonic tissues resume growth. In the present study, research was done to find the effect of crude extract of plants on germination of seeds. The plants which we have chosen may show the positive or negative effect on the germination of seeds. This has some importance in the rain fed areas. Even the specific plant extract soaked and sow in land may helpful to tolerate the drought conditions. Also study is helpful to agriculture or agricultural industry. It helps to find out the anti sprouting property of the plants. However, further work is needed to improve this method