International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Eradicating potential of Achyranthes aspera
Get PDFThe antioxidant activity of Achyranthes aspera methanolic aerial part extracts was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. Quantitative estimation of total flavonoid and phenolic content was performed followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to confirm the presence of secondary metabolites in the extract. From results of DPPH and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays, it was found that methanolic aerial part extracts of Achyranthes aspera precipitates strong antioxidant (P < 0.005) activity compared to the ascorbic acid. The concentrations of total flavonoid and total phenolic content were found to be 47.6 mg RuE/g and 28.66 mg GAE/g respectively. The TLC study showed distinguished spots and revealed the presence secondary metabolites
Anti-Bacterial activity of total flavonoids of Portulaca oleracea L.
Get PDFFlavanoids are uniquitous in photosynthesizing cells and are commonly found in fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, stems, flowers and wine. For centuries, preparations canting these compounds as the principal, physiologically active constituents have been isolated and used to treat human diseases. Portuleca olerace L is an important medicinal plant that has been used in traditional medicine. The present study was aimed to isolate the total flovanoids and to investigate an anti-bacterial activity of total flavonids extracted from aerial part of Portulaca olerace L. we have used five standard pathogenic bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes, among all the bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium (14.33±0.2886) and Proteus mirabilis (17.16±0.0281) have shown maximum zone of inhibition for total flovanoids and remaining bacterial strains have shown moderate zone of inhibition when compared with control (20.66±0.2881). In case of bio-assay method Salmonella typhimurium was shown more sensitive by low turbidity of OD value (0.187) indicating most significant result. The Minimum inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the total flavonoids isolated from Portuleca olerace L was tested at the concentration ranging from undiluted sample to 10mg/ml. the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for the total flavonoids for all tested bacterial strains was >10mg/ml. Experimental results supports that these flavonoids have antibacterial properties which helps in the developing antibacterial agents in the form of drugs for the therapy of infectious diseases caused by these bacterial pathogens
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine oxidase inhibitory Activity of Tephrosia purpurea Plant Extracts
Get PDFT. purpurea whole plant extract (TPWPE) was evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities. Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS and FRAP methods, anti-inflammatory activity was measured by Diene-conjugate and β-glucuronidase assay. In vitro XO inhibitory activity was measured by using cow milk xanthine oxidase enzyme. The average antioxidant activity of TPWPE (1-2 µg/mL) in the reacting system revealed significant activity viz; 42.2 (ABTS) and 36.5 (FRAP) percent. The anti-inflammatory activities reveled, 45.40 and 70.50 percent inhibition. The result for XO inhibitory activity by plant extracts reveled, 95.5 % inhibition to that, off control (allopurinol) 92 % inhibition. The kinetic parameters of XO inhibition, revealed noncompetitive mode of inhibition, where, Km and Vmax of TPWPE extracts (25 to 100 µg/mL)) were, 0.25 mM/mL and 0.040, 0.036, 0.032 and 0.030 (µg/min) while for positive control Km and Vmax is 0.30 mM/mL and 0.045 (µg/min) respectively. Results suggest that, TPWPE can be exploited against diseases associated, with free radical formation and xanthine oxidase activity; further by isolation and structural elucidation of active phytochemicals from TPWPE
Ethnobotanical study of Penchalakona forest area of Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Get PDFAn ethno botanical survey was undertaken to collect information from yanadi tribe of penchalakona forest area, Rapur mandal, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The indigenous knowledge of traditional healers of this ethnic group has been disappearing due to lack of ancestors as well as followers. Only few people are practicing with little knowledge which was transmitted orally from their elders. The native plants used for medicinal purposes by few people were collected through questionnaire and personally interviewed during field trips. An aboriginal tribe called “Yanadi”, of this area has authentic information on medicinal values of different plant species. Yanadi tribal community being drifted from their natural way of life due to agro rural development activities, a few aged persons are still able to furnish very little traditional ethno botanical data and continue to depend on medicinal plants atleast for the treatment of primary healthcare. Because the area is located near the forest and 70 Kms from Nellore town.The study revealed that, the Yanadi tribe used 20 plants species belonging to 20 families to treat various diseases like worm infestations, scorpion stinge, headache, body pains, fevers, swelling of foots, skin diseases, heart diseases, stomach ulcers, diuretic, dysentery, snake bites, nerve disorders, rheumatic pains, antiseptic, helmentic disease, diabetes, cold and dental problems.These plants represents the major source for the pharmaceutical industries in view of their raw material. The information requires validation for further clinical usage
Analysis of Radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced toxicity on rodents (Swiss albino) and pharmacological importance of Pistia stratiotes
Get PDFHerbal medicines has been reported to play an important role i n the discovery of new drugs for t he treatment of human diseases, including cancer [1]. Many herbal remedies have shown to play anticancer role through multiple mechanisms. Our present work i s an at t em pt t o screen s om e essential components from the water weed Pistia stratiotes and to study its potentiality against the side effects induced by radiotherapy and chemotherap
Pharmacognostical and analytical studies of leaves of Cardiospermum canescens Wall
Get PDFThe present investigation deals with the Microscopical, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the leaves of Cardiospermum canescens Wall. with the scope of Ethnic importance. Leaves of this plant are used by the tribes of Nellore district as a single drug remedy to treat for Dysentery and Rheumatoid arthritis. In the present work the leaf of the plant was subjected to various microscopical and physico- preliminary phyto chemical evaluations. In the microscopical studies, the different cell structures and arrangements were studied. Physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, various extractive values etc., were carried out. Further, qualitative tests for various functional groups like Triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides etc..., were carried out and HPTLC profile was also established with Methanolic extract
Carotenoids content and antibacterial activity from galls of guiera senegalensis j.f. Gmel (combretaceae).
Get PDFGuiera senegalensis is a well known medicinal plant which is used as a drug in Burkina Faso. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the carotenoids content and antibacterial activity from galls of Guiera senegalensis. The hydroacetonic extract (HAE) exhibited the highest of β-carotene (4.67±0.25 mg/g) and lycopene (0.99±0.0735 mg/g) content. The extracts and fractions of galls exhibited antimicrobial activity against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. We observed an inhibitory activity of the extracts against Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061 and Staphylococus aureus ATCC 6538 which showed a resistance to the penicillin and ampicillin. The ratio of the MBC and the MIC showed that the hydroacetonic extract is bactericidal against all the bacterial strains used except for Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35659. The aqueous decoction extract is bactericidal against all the bacterial species tested. The present study thus suggested that galls from G senegalensis may be used as a new potential source of natural nutraceutical components
Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Phyllanthus wightianus leaf extract
No full textThe genus Phyllanthus contains highly valued medicinal plants which produce a variety of secondary metabolites. The present paper was designed to carry out preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaves of Phyllanthus wightianus. The dried leaves of the plant were subjected to phytochemical analysis by using of systematic extraction method. The ethanolic extract of leaves of P. wightianus was screened for antimicrobial activity on 20 types of pathogenic bacteria. The investigation reveals that the leaves of P. wightianus contain phytoconstituents-alkaloids, terpenoids, flavanoids, tannins and carbohydrates. The ethanolic extract of the plant showed good antimicrobial resistance
Antibacterial Evaluation of Plant Extracts: An Insight into Phytomedicine
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extract of the two plant Ocimum sanctum and pepper nigrum extract using agar well diffusion and broth dilution method against gram-positive bacterial strains (B. firmus, B. megaterium and B. cereus) and gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The results indicate that petroleum ether extract compare to methanol and aqueous extract of O. sanctum and P. nigrum exhibited significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.13 to 0.21x 10-4 mg/well concentration. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible against petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extract of O. sanctum and P. nigrum and their MIC ranging from 0.13 to 0.21x 10-2. The most susceptible organism to the organic extracts from both studied plants was B. firmus and the most resistant organism was Enterobacter sp. The result obtained with B. cereus and K. pneumoniae were particularly interesting, since it was inhibited by antibiotic ampicillin used and susceptibility was observed with the individual extracts, where higher antibacterial activity with petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of O. sanctum and P. nigrum respectively. The presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, saponin, triterpenoids, steroids and glycosides in the extracts of these plants supports their traditional uses as medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments. The present study reveals potential use of these plants for developing new antibacterial herbal drugs against pathogenic microorganisms
Anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Suaeda fruticosa related to its phytochemical screening
Get PDFConcerning anticancer evaluation of methanolic extract of Suaeda fruticosa arial parts demonstrated the utmost anticancer activity with IC50 value of 50 μg/ml against human lung carcinoma (LU-1), the same extract displayed a preeminent activity with IC50 ≥ 50 μg/ml against hormone dependent prostrate carcinoma (LnCaP). The analyzed root extract exhibited IC50 ≤ 65 μg/ml against hormone dependent prostrate carcinoma (LnCaP) whereas, the same extract demonstrated IC50 ≤ 55 μg/ml against human lung carcinoma (LU-1). The highest content of total phenolic (0.52-0.67 mg gallic acid equiv./g) and total flavonoids (0.44 mg/g D/W) content was detected in the arial part of Suaeda fruticosa. MIC value of 50-85 μg ml−1 has been observed gainst Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani and Mucor sp in comparision with 1-2.5μg/ml of Terbinafine used as a standard fungicide. MIC value of 80 μg/ml and 35 μg ml−1 of Suaeda fruticosa arial parts and root extract against bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia and 50 and 90 μg ml−1 against Enterococcus has been measured. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Suaeda fruticosa with IC50 values of ≤ 100 μg/ml and ≤ 50 μg ml−1 was observed whereas, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with IC50 values of ≤ 12.5 μg/ml for arial parts and ≤ 25 μg ml−1 for the root extract of Suaeda fruticosa has been shown with galllic acid (R2= 0.819) and ascorbic acid (R2= 0.728). These data suggested that the methanolic extract of Suaeda fruticosa could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants and anticancer. The findings demonstrated the remarkable potentiality of Suaeda fruticosa as valuable source of antioxidant and anticancer capacities