International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxicity studies of Bambusa arundinacea leaves
Get PDFMedicinal plants, as a source of remedies, are widely used as alternative therapeutic utensils for the anticipation or treatment of many diseases. The Present study was carried out to investigate the medicinal importance of the plant Bambusa arundinacea leaves. The various extracts obtained from the plant leaves were analyzed for their phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant, haemolytic acivities and stability of corn oil. The plant leaves contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents (3.7-12.71 GAE mg/g of dry extract) and total flavonoid contents (2.31-6.71 CE mg/g of dry extract). DPPH radical scavenging (IC50) and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation was found to be in the range of 278-1536 μg/mL and 24.41-78.05% respectively. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was also studied using corn oil as an oxidative substrate and found that it stabilized the oil. The haemolytic effect of the plant leaves was found in range of 0.70-2.88%. The results of the present investigation demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) variations. The correlation between the results of different antioxidant assays and oxidation parameters of oil indicated that plant leaves to be a potent source of antioxidants for stabilization of corn oi
Antitumor, antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation of new ligand of cinnemaldehyde and its Fe (III) and Mn (II) complexes
Get PDFCinnamomum zeylanicum is medicinal plant posse’s significant biological activities. In this study, we investigated biological properties of the ligand and metal complexes synthesized from herb of C.zeylanicum (cinnemaldehyde) by chemical reactions. N4 [(E, 2E)-3-Phenyl-2-propenylidene] isonicotinohydrazide abbreviated as NI were synthesized as ligand. Fe (III) and Mn (II) metal complexes of this ligand prepared. Characterization of the ligand and its complexes were made by microanalyses, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and UV–Visible spectroscopy. Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of these compounds have been evaluated by MTT, DPPH, agar disc diffusion and agar dilution assays, respectively. These new compounds showed high Cytotoxic effect against K562, Jurkat and T47D cell lines. Our results showed that the metal complexes and their ligand, had weak antioxidant potential with RC50 value of 0.394, 0.724 and 1.429 mg/mL, respectively. The Fe (III) complex had the highest cytotoxic effects on K562, Jurkat and T47D with IC50 value of 86.12, 77.86, 118.52, respectively. The Fe (III) complex had the highest antibacterial activity and ligand and Mn (II) complex were in next levels
Effect of rhizome extract of Acorus calamus on depressive condition induced by forced swimming in mice
Get PDFThe present study evaluated the anti-depressant properties of A. calamus rhizome in a forced swimming test (FST) of mice model. Three doses of methanol extract of rhizome (200,400 and 600 mg extract/kg b.wt) and imipramine (15 mg/kg b.wt), a positive control, were orally administered once a day for the consecutive period of 14 days in Balb/c mice. The effect of extract on immobility period was measured using forced swimming test. The levels of cortisol monoamine oxidase and neurotransmitters were analyzed using standard methods. The anti-depressant effect was observed maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg. b.wt that caused 23.82% reduction in immobility period. The extract also significantly attenuated the FST-induced elevation of plasma cortisol, monoamine oxidase activity and returned the altered levels of neurotransmitters near to the normal levels in brain. These results of the present study suggest that the extract of A. calamus rhizome has antidepressant-like activity which is mediated by modulating the central neurochemical as well as HPA (hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal) axis in response to stress induced by FST. Therefore, A.calamus rhizome may be used as a valuable herbal supplement for the treatment of depression related conditions
28-Day Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity of a Herbal Mixture Dia-2, Containing Standardized Extracts of Allium Sativum and Lagerstroemia Speciosa In Sprague Dawley Rats
Get PDFAllium sativum [ASE] and Lagerstroemia speciosa [LSE] are widely used in folk medicine as a medication for diabetes. DIA-2 is a polyherbal antidiabetic formulation containing fixed combination [1:1 w/w] of standardized aqueous extracts of Allium sativum bulbs containing 1.1 % alliin w/w and 40 % hydroalcholic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves containing 1.28% w/w corosolic acid. Earlier studies in our laboratories have demonstrated the oral safety of DIA-2 on acute oral exposure to female Sprague Dawley [SD] rats and the antidiabetic activity of DIA-2 in high-fat diet fed/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The ingredients of DIA-2 have long history safety but however, there is little toxicological information regarding the oral safety on repeated exposure of ASE and LSE when given as a combined mixture. The present study evaluated the repeated oral toxicity of DIA-2 in both the sexes of SD rats. Rats were treated orally once with 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg body weight, and animals were observed till the 28 days of study. On repeated oral administration, DIA-2 showed did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, significant change in food, water consumption, body weight, mortality, clinical chemistry, hematology, organ weight, gross pathology and histopathology when varying doses of the DIA-2 were administered orally once daily for a period of 28 days. The NOAEL [No Observed Adverse Effect Level] of DIA-2 in this study was identified to be greater than 250 mg/kg/day. The results from the study suggest that there are no toxicologically significant effects on 28 day repeated oral administration of DIA-2 and the data also provide satisfactory preclinical evidence on its oral safety to support its use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Antidiabetic activity of leaves of Anthocephalus indicus A. Rich. in alloxan induced diabetic rats
No full textThe present study aims to examine the antidiabetic potential of leaves of Anthocephalus indicus A. Rich. The aqueous extract of leaves was screened for serum glucose lowering activity. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley adult male rats by intra peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at 80mg/kg bw. to the rats. Aqueous leaves extract of Anthocephalus indicus A. Rich. at 400mg/kg bw was given orally to control and diabetic rats for 21 days. Blood samples taken from retro orbital plexus of rats were analysed for serum glucose level, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL- cholesterol) and low density lipoprotein (LDL- cholesterol) as per standard kit method. The rats feed with aqueous leaves extract showed significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL as compared to diabetic rats. Aqueous leaf extract results for antidiabetic activity were compared with standard drug glibenclamide at 10mg/kg bw. and the antidiabetic acitivity was found to be significant. Histopathological study of liver and pancreas of rats showed that alloxan caused damage in the liver cells and degeneration of pancreatic islet cells. Administration of aqueous leaves extract caused an improvement in damaged liver cells and degenerated pancreatic islet cells. Thus, Anthocephalus indicus can be considered as a good natural antidiabetic drug
In vitro inhibition of the growth of glioblastoma by Teucrium polium crude extract and fractions
No full textThe cytotoxic effects of Teucrium polium (Lamaceae) have been shown in some studies. However, the antitumor activity of the fractions of this herb has not been studied, neither has the pattern of cell death been evaluated yet. The inhibitory effect of Teucrium polium (T. polium) on U87 cells was evaluated by treatment of U87 cells with various concentrations of crude extract (CE), a petroleum ether (PE) fraction and a diethyl ether (DE) fraction of T. polium for 24 and 48 h. Trypan blue and differential staining were also used to assess the cell viability and the pattern of cell death. CE, PE and DE inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, and this inhibition was accomplished by necrotic cell death, as assessed by differential staining. The highest inhibitory effect (IC50=64.47) was demonstrated by the PE fraction of T. polium followed by the DE fraction and the CE. Cell death was also higher when U87 cells were treated with PE (P<0.001 compared with other treated groups). Necrotic cells were predominant in all treated groups including CE, PE and DE. The results suggest that the PE fraction of T. polium is the most potent against U87 cells. The antitumor effect of the PE fraction of T. polium is probably executed through the necrotic cell death mechanism
Antidiabetic effect of various fractions of Habenaria plantaginea root in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Habenaria plantaginea and its various fractions in different animal models. The effect of repeated oral administration of methanolic extract along with its n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions on serum lipid profile and plasma enzyme levels in diabetic rats was also examined. The effect was found to be pronounced in n-butanol fraction. In oral glucose tolerance test, reduction of fasting blood glucose levels took place from 60 min on administration of methanolic extract and its various fractions. The n-butanol fraction has almost similar effect as that of standard drug Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg b. w). After 15 days of treatment, n-butanol fraction showed maximum reduction of blood glucose levels (64.28 %). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were found to be decreased by 38.98, 28.06, 56.26 and 37.77% respectively in diabetic rats whereas, cardioprotective, high density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased by 31.65%. The n-butanol fraction also restored the altered plasma enzyme such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to near normal. These results clearly indicate that n-butanol fraction of methanolic extract of Habenaria plantaginea possess high antidiabetic potential along with significant hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects
Leucasin - Induced Cytoplasmic Membrane Damage in Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFLeucasin is one of the active antimicrobial principle of Leucas aspera. The effect of this compound and other antibacterial agents with known mechanisms of action upon the cytoplasmic membrane integrity of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated by comparing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and potassium loss profiles from bacterial cell suspensions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of leucasin, novobiocin - the bacteriostatic antibiotic and penicillin G – the bactericidal antibiotic against S. aureus (ATCC 12600) were determined as 35 μg/ml, 55 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml respectively. The morphology of S. aureus was impaired, when treated with leucasin showing mucilaginous mass, which could lead to the impairment in cell division, as observed under SEM. When S. aureus were suspended in potassium free media containing 35 μg/ml leucasin, a 100 fold decrease in viability was observed after 12 h. Potassium loss assay revealed that S. aureus treated with 35 μg/ml leucasin lost 17% more potassium than untreated control populations whereas, cells treated with 40 ng/ml of penicillin G exhibited 9% increase in potassium loss and 55 ng/ml of novobiocin had no effect on potassium loss. This data may be attributed to either direct damage to the cytoplasmic membrane or indirect damage affected through autolysis/weakening of the cell wall and consequent osmotic lysis
Antioxidant activity total phenolic and flavonoid content of aerial parts of Tamarix gallica
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activities ofmethanolic extract of aerial parts of Tamarix Gallica and to evaluate the phenolic and flavonoid content of the plant. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolic content was determined according to the Folin−Ciocalteu procedure and calculated in terms of gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The flavonoid content was determined by the gravimetric method in terms of quercetin equivalents. The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tamarix Gallica showed high antioxidant activity as compared to standard ascorbic acid used in the study. The results were found as 6.99498mg/100g for total content of phenols, 47.61905mg/100g for total flavonoid content and IC50of 0.5mg/ml for the antioxidant activity. Tamarix Gallica is a potential source of natural antioxidant for the functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Investigations on Ipomoea pes-caprae Linn R. Br.
Get PDFIpomoea pes-caprae Linn is commonly used as a first aid to treat jelly-fish stings and in ritual baths to alleviate evil spirits. The leaves were used against pain, inflammation, rheumatism and as stomachic and tonic. The present study was designed to investigate pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of Ipomoea pes-caprae its proper investigation and chemical profiling. Powdered plant extracts were subsequently soxhleted using petroleum ether (60-800C), methanol and water. Swaras was prepared from fresh plant extracts and studied for their phytochemical parameters and freshly prepared powder of I. pes-caprae was studies for its macroscopy for developing its identification parameters. Physicochemical study on I. pes-caprae herb yielded total ash (16.23%), acid insoluble ash (2.16%) and water soluble ash (13.48%) and value for loss on drying was (19.35%). Successive solvent extractive values of its powder were found to be 3.75 % w/w for petroleum ether (60-800C), 5.35 % w/w for methanol and 11.45 % w/w for aqueous extract and the value for swaras was 13.25 % w/w. Phytochemical screening on extracts and swaras revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, terpenoids and glycosides. Pharmacognostic characters, phytochemical values and macroscopic characters taken together as the outcome of this study could be used as the diagnostic tools for identification and standardization of I. pes-caprae for its purity and authencity