International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) in Animals Model
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological and toxic effects of aqueous acetone extract of Sida alba L. a Malvaceae species, in mice Swiss and albinos Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, mice received doses of this extract by intraperitoneal route with LD50 value of 3200 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity test, albinos Wistar rats were treat by gavage during 28 days with different doses of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida alba L., (75, 100 and 150 mg/kg). About to the pharmacological properties, the results varied widely in dose of extract and weight of rats and did not show clinical correlations. We undertook this study of extracts in order to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of Sida alba L., in traditional medicine particularly to treat hepatitis B. Our results of this study appeared to show the safety of acute and sub-acute toxicities of extract from Sida alba L., which can therefore be continuously used with safety in traditional medicine. Statistical studies revealed that there is a low significant difference in body and organ weights, and biological parameters between control group and the treated assay groups (p<0.01 or p<0.05)
Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of hydroalcoholic extract from Acacia suma (Roxb) (Fabaceae) stem barks
Get PDFHerbal medicines are popular remedies for diseases used by a vast majority of the world’s population. The pharmacological effects of many plants have been studied in various laboratories, whereas there are many limitations regarding the safety and efficacy. Our research group has previously investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of this plant. The present study was carried out to evaluated acute and subacute toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract from stem bark of Acacia suma (Roxb.) var. Acacia polyacantha (Family- Fabaceae). Acute toxicity study was evaluated on male Swiss albino mice (20-25g) and Wistar albino rats (150-200g) were assigned for sub-acute toxicity, after ingestions of the extract during one day (acute model) and during 15 days (subacute model). The acute toxicity studies were conducted as per the OECD guidelines 423, where the limit test dose of 3000 mg/kg b.wt., p.o., used. Results showed that the LD50 of the extract is higher than 3000 mg/kg b.wt., and there was no mortality was observed at 3000 mg/kg b.wt., p.o., dose except with prominent diuresis and purgation, these toxic sign are probably due to the saponins content of the extract; so, testing of the hydroalcoholic extract of Acacia suma stem bark at higher dose was practically non-toxic. In sub-acute toxicity study, the extract treated groups (300 and 600 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) did not show any significant changes in body weight when compared to the control group. The weight of the liver, kidney and pancreas were found to be unaltered in the experimental groups compared with the control group. The haematological and biochemical parameters (hepatic and renal function tests) did not show any significant changes in the sample treated groups when compared with the control group animals
A Critical review on Salvadora persica: An important medicinal plant of arid zone
Get PDFS. persica is a multipurpose tree with immense ethno-ecological importance and is commonly used for varied medicinal purposes. It is one of the identified plants from among the seventeen plants families that are cited in the Holy Quran. The plant is used as a source of food, fodder, lipids, gum and resins. In addition, it is also valued for rearing honey bees. Its roots are regularly used as tooth brush throughout the country. Besides these the plant is also grown to provide shelter-belts and windbreakes for agriculture crops. It is distributed throughout the arid and semi-arid ecosystem of world and helps in reclamation of sand dune habitats and saline soils in arid ecosystems. However, its population suffers from serious environmental problems such as deforestation, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity and unsustainable livelihoods. S. persica has high medicinal, economic and ecological values in arid and semiarid ecosystem. Nevertheless, its conservation status is highly threatened and detailed ecological study of S. persica is suggested to conserve its remaining population
Total flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and antioxidant activity in seeds of lentil and grass pea
No full textLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) are rich in polyphernols and antioxidants and in constant use as food and nutritional supplements in many traditional diets throughout the world. Both plants reportedly possess beneficial effects in jaundice, high fever, measles, diabetes, and cardiac problem. Despite immense potentiality, limited work was done regarding antioxidant potential in different genotypes of these two legumes, useful in phytomedicinal and pharmacological formulations. The objective of the present study was to assess the antioxidant composition and activity of ethanolic extract (ethanol: water, 80:20 v/v) of seeds (edible grain) of three improved genotypes each in lentil and grass pea. Total phnolics and flavonoids were estimated by the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminium chloride method, respectively. Condensed tannin (pro anthocyanidins) content was determined using leucocyanidin (LE) equivalent. Antioxidant activity was ascertained by different in vitro protocols such as DPPH, β-carotene bleaching assay, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity. Among the genotypes, IPL 406 in lentil and BioL 212 in grass pea showed the best performance with highest phenolic and flavonoid content and superior antioxidant activity as evidenced in potential FRAP, bleaching assay and by the low IC50 values in DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging assay compared to WBL 58 and B 256 in lentil and B1 and BioR 231 in grass pea. The six genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.05) in antioxidant content and activity. Both legumes are potential enough as phytomedicinal and functional foods with ample scope for genotype-wise phyto-nutrient profiling
Comparative study of in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of plant extracts of Acacia arabica, Murraya koeingii, Catharanthus roseus and Rouwolfia serpentina”
No full textMedicinal plants play very important role in preventing the progress of disease. In present studyfour different medicinal plants, Acacia arabica, Murraya koeingii, Catharanthus roseus and Rouwolfia serpentina commonly found in Chhattisgarh, (India), were screened for the potency of antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of A. arabica and M. koeingii, C. roseus and R. serpentina plant leaves were examined. Total phenolic content of extracts was analyzed by Folin-ciocalteu’s method. Antioxidant activities of different extracts were evaluated by DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assay and putative Antidiabetic activity was determined by in-vitro glucose diffusion and alpha-amylase inhibition assay. The highest DPPH scavenging activity was found in methanolic extract of C. roseus while the highest hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was found in aqueous extract of M. koeingii. In in-vitro antidiabetic test, highest α-amylase inhibition was found in methanolic extract of R. serpentina and the highest diffusion rate of glucose was found in aqueous extract of R. serpentina. The plant extracts were further characterized by Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. The results suggest that these plants could serve as a source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic agents with potential applications in pharmaceuticals industry
Ethonomedicinal, Antibacterial and Antifungal Potentiality of Centella asiatica, Nerium indicum and Cuscuta reflexa - Widely Used In Tiwa Tribe of Morigaon district of Assam, India.
Get PDFIn Assam, Approximately 17 different types of Tribes are residing from immemorial times. They have lots of knowledge to remedy disease by using various medicinal plants. The aim of our study is to extract out the knowledge of those plants having the medicinal values and examine the laboratory based antibacterial and antifungal property. The selection of these three plants was based on highly uses by the Tiwa Tribes in gastrointestinal troubles and skin diseases. Aquous and 50% ethanolic extract was prepared from the plants and screened against enteropathogenic bacteria E.coli (MTCC723), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC10619) and Staphyllococcus aureus (MTCC96). Antifungal activity were tested against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Centella asiatica and Nerium indicum showed good results against E.coli and Bacillus subtilis and Cuscuta reflexa showed higher activity against S. aureus. In case of antifungal activity, Centella asiatica results were found fruitful in comparison to the others
Evaluation of wound healing potential of crude extracts of zyziphus oenolpia l. Mill (indian jujuba) in wistar rats
Get PDFZyziphus oenoplia is a perennial shrub used in traditional medicine for treating hyper acidity, Ascaris infection, stomachalgia and healing of wounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the root extracts of this plant, to evaluate their wound healing potential in rats. Excision, Incision and Dead space wound modals were used to evaluate the wound healing activity of the extracts on wister rats. In each modal, animals were divided into six groups of six animals. Each model, group I & II served as control and reference standard. In wound models, group III, IV, V and VI animals were treated with plant root extracts (300 and 400mg/kg/day) for 18 days and 10days respectively. The vehicles effect on the rate of wound healing were assessed by the wound closure rate, epithelialisation period, tensile strength, granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline content and histopathology of granulation tissue. The ethanol extract of plant root promoted wound healing activity significantly in all the wound modals. High rate wound contraction (P<0.001), decrease in the epithelialisation period (14.67±0.33), high skin breaking strength (501.53±2.18g), significant increase in granulation tissue weight (P<0.001) and hydroxyproline (P<0.001) content were observed in ethanol root extract. Histological studies of the granulation tissues of the ethanolic extract treated group showed the lesser number of inflammatory cells, and increase collagen formation than the control and also compared with other groups. Phytoconstituents like flavanoids, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins etc were also confirmed by phytochemical test. The data obtained in this investigation indicated that the ethanolic root extract possesses better wound healing activity and it can treat different types of wounds in human being too
Phytochemical Standardization of Oleo Resin of Shorea robusta Gaertn (Dipterocarpaceae) with modern analytical technique
No full textMore than 70% of India’s 1.1 billion populations still use non-allopathic systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy and other systems. The global knowledge about Unani and Indian herbals will hopefully be enhanced by information on the evidence-base of these medicinal plants. Resin of Shorea robusta Gaertn known as “Raal” in Unani; Shala in Ayurvedic System belonging to Dipterocarpaceae family plays a foremost role in the Unani system of medicine. It is abundantly available in different parts of Eastern Ghats of Southern Peninsular India and has been widely used in indigenous system for the preparation of different formulations used in the treatment of many skin diseases mainly allergies; diarrhea, dysentery, astringent and as an ingredient in ointments. Due to its therapeutic potentials and vital medicinal properties and also usage of drug in most of the common ailments, lead us to standardize the drug according to WHO guidelines. Phytochemical and physico-chemical studies, macroscopic and microscopic properties of resin were carried out. The main aspects included in the study are organoleptic characters, physico-chemical constants, fluorescence analysis of powdered drug and extracts, TLC profile and Heavy metal analysis, which provide information, which are widely accepted in the quality assessment of herbal drugs and to lay down the standard for the genuine drug. Phytochemical screening, isolation of chemical constituents will help in future to study the pharmacological properties
An evaluation of toxicity in essential oils of Geraniol, Geranial acetate, Gingerol and Eugenol in rats
No full textThe present study was carried out to investigate the effects of essential oils geraniol, geranial acetate, eugenol and gingerol on biochemical parameters in rats. Male rats were treated with 5 mL/Kg/day of essential oil in ethanol as vehicle for 14 consecutive days. Rats in the treated groups showed a more pronounced increase in body weight in comparison to control rats after 14 days and the biochemical (glucose, urea, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT) were observed and the rat was sacrificed and its stomach was taken out, opened and examined for macroscopic haemorrhagic gastric lesions. The results suggested that the biochemical parameters,geraniol and geranial acetate caused a significant increase in the levels of Glucose and Urea whereas there is a decreased level of glucose and urea in Gingerol and Eugenol and The level of creatinine differ slightly between the rats of control and treated groups and no haemorrhagic lesions were found
Additive effects of Pityrogramma calomelanos L. (link.) combinated with aminoglycosides against Staphylococcus aureus
No full textThis study is the first report about the enhancement of additive effect of Pityrogramma calomelanos L. (link) associated with aminoglycosides against a multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were assayed to identify the relationship between these natural products and the aminoglycosides using the checkerboard method. The checkerboard assay was realized to verify if the relationship between these drugs and natural products represent a synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic effect. All natural products and antibiotics assayed demonstratetd an additive effect, with FIC index = 0.5. These results indicate that the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of P. calomelanos can be a source of plant derived products with antibiotic modifier activity, affecting positively the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides