International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of fruits of Sesbania grandiflora L. Pers against thiocetamide and ranitidine induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Get PDFThe Petroleum ether extract of Sesbania grandiflora L. pers fruits showed a significant dose dependent (100mg, 200mg/kg p.o.) protective effect against thioacetamide and ranitidine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters like Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total bilirubin (BRN), Total Cholesterol (TC), Total protein and Histopathological alterations. The fruit extract completely prevented the toxic effects of Thioacetamide and Ranitidine on the above serum parameters. The petroleum ether extract of Sesbania grandiflora L. pers fruits produced significant protection
Immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and antileishmanial activity of Setaria megaphylla
Get PDFCytotoxic, antioxidative burst and antileishmanial properties of leaf extract and fractions of Setaria megaphylla were investigated to ascertain the folkloric claims of its potency in inflammatory diseases and infections. The leaf extract and fractions of Setaria megaphylla were investigated for anticancer activity against HeLa cells using SRB method and DNA interaction activity using gel electrophoresis. Antioxidative burst activity of the extract in whole blood, neutrophils and macrophages was also investigated using luminol/lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. The extract and fractions were similarly screened for antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania major in vitro. The GCMS analysis of the most active fraction against HeLa cells was carried out. The leaf extract was found to exert significant anticancer activity with the hexane fraction exhibiting the most pronounced effect. The crude extract and the fractions did not interact with DNA when investigated using electrophoresis. The extract prominently inhibited oxidative burst activity in whole blood, isolated polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) when two different phagocytosis activators (serum opsonizing zymosan-A and PMA) were used. The extract also exhibited moderate antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania major in vitro. GCMS analysis of active fraction revealed pharmacologically active compounds. These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of S. megaphylla possesses cytotoxic, antioxidative burst and antileishmanial activities and these justify its use in ethnomedicine to treat inflammatory diseases and microbial infections and can be exploited in primary healthcare
Effect of Withania somnifera leaf extracts as antibacterial agent against multidrug resistant bacteria
Get PDFObjective: This study was designed to examine the phytochemical composition and to evaluate antibacterial potential of Withania Somnifera leaf against multidrug resistant bacteria & FT-IR Spectra of different bioactive compounds. Materials and Methods: Toluene, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of W. Somnifera (leaves) were subjected for in vitro antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion against different bacteria of clinical relevance including multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) sps. Results: The toluene extract resulted maximal active as antibacterial agent and found significantly higher active than aqueous extract (P<0.05). The difference between antibacterial activities of toluene and ethanol or ethanol and aqueous extract was statistically non significant (P>0.05). The maximum activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts (at least one) also showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, coagulase negative staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoinae, Shigella dysenteriae, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) sps. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of plant extract were found in the ranges of 0.156mg/ml to 0.625mg/ml for test strains. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of various metabolites like phlobtannins, tannins, steroids and alkaloids which may contribute for the antimicrobial action of leaves extract of W. Somnifera. The partial characterization of the crude extracts by IR spectral analysis revealed the possible presence of different bioactive compounds in the extracts. Conclusion: The leaves of W. Somnifera showed promising antibacterial activity against various clinically important bacteria and multidrug resistant MRSA and VR
Phytochemical analysis and screening of antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal plants
Get PDFPhytochemical screening and evaluation of antibacterial activity of ten plant species namely Aloe barbadensis, Aegel marmelos, Azadirachta indica, Bahunia variegate, Cannabis sativa, Emblica officinalis, Eugenia jambolana, Gmelina arborea, Nerium oleander and Vitex negundo have been carried out against six bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli 101, Escherichia coli 119, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescence. All the plants species taken in present study have shown the presence of tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Pholobatanins have found to be present in Aegel marmelos, Bahunia variegate and Eugenia jambolana while cardiac glycosides have been shown positive test on Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica, Cannabis sativa, Nerium oleander and Vitex negundo. Methanol extract of Emblica officinalis have been shown significance potential against all test pathogens except Pseudomonas fluorescence followed by Nerium oleander, Azadirachta indica and Bahunia variegate
Ethnobotanical Wealth of Jandool Valley, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Kpk), Pakistan
Get PDFThe present study contributes to enlist the wealth of ethnobotanical important plants of Jandool valley, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 67 plants species, belonging to 39 families of herbs (57 %), shrubs (6 %), trees (34 %) and mushrooms (3 %) were found to be used by the local inhabitants generally for medicinal, timber wood, fuel, food and fodder purposes. Majority of the plants identified were used for more than one purpose. The human and cattle pressure has resulted in loss of the indigenous ethnobotanical important plant species. Therefore reforestation followed by proper protection is a need of time
In Vitro Antimicrobial, Insecticidal, Antitumor, Antioxidant activities and their Phytochemical Estimation of Methanolic Extract and its Fractions of Nepeta praetervisa leaves
No full textThe aim of the present investigation deals with biological evaluation Nepeta praetervisa leaves. For this purpose different biological assay of methanolic extract (Crude) and its fractions that are chloroform fraction, n-hexane fraction, Ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction were carried out. The results from the agar diffusion method indicated that Crude showed maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the inhibition zone (31.18±0.01mm). On the other hand, Crude showed maximum activity against Candida albicans and Candida glaberata with % inhibition of (76.10%±0.02%) and (82.02%±0.11%) respectively. Furthermore, Crude showed maximum insecticidal % mortality against both Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzea with (80%) mortality. On the other hand, Crude also showed tremendous Antitumor activity with % inhibition 85.23% as comparable to the standard drug. Chloroform fraction showed maximum DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the IC50 value of 19.66μg/ml. Furthermore, the phytochemical estimation of Crude and its fractions showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, tannins and Diterpenes
Effect of Aqueous Extract from The Root Cortex of Aralia elata on Intestinal alpha-Glucosidases and Postprandial Glycemic Response in Mice
No full textThe bark and root cortex of Aralia elata have been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Oriental countries including China, Korea and Japan. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of aqueous extract from the root cortex of Aralia elata on the intestinal alpha-glucosidase activity and the glycemic response after ingestion of carbohydrates. In in vitro intestinal alpha-glucosidase assay, water extract from the root cortex of Aralia elata inhibited the activities of intestinal maltase and trehalase in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.45 mg/mL and 0.65 mg/mL, respectively. The fraction which was extracted with water from the root cortex of Aralia elata has a stronger inhibitory effect on the intestinal alpha-glucosidases than that extracted with pure ethanol. In in vivo postprandial glycemic response study using mice, the water extract from the root cortex of Aralia elata (0.125 g/kg) significantly inhibited the increase in plasma glucose concentration induced by oral administration of maltose and trehalose, but not glucose. The observation indicates that the reduced glucose response to disaccharides in mice with the water extract was, at least in part, due to the inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase activity. These findings might support the usefulness of a water-based preparation of the root cortex of Aralia elata, which has been long used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus
Comparative effects of Piprazine of citrate® and papaya seeds on Ascaridia galli in layers Harco
Get PDFThe present study has been realised in the farm ‘protein for all’ (PPT) located in Tori Sogbe in the Atlantique-Littoral province, from May to June 2011. A number of 300 layers Harco have been used for the test. They haven’t been detected before the experience which was to test the anti-parasitical efficiency of citrate of pipérazine® and of papaya seeds on Ascaridia galli. The weights of the eggs have been taken into a count before and after the treatment of the layers. The 300 hens have been separated into 6 groups of 50 hens which have been differently treated: The group 0, group of witness receives no treatment. Treatment 1 (2.5g/L of citrate of pipérazine® solution) for the group 1; treatment 2 (2.5g/L of papaya seeds solution) for the group 2 ; treatment 3 (2g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 3 ; treatment 4 (3g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 4 ; treatment 5 (4g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 5. At state 1, it is to say before the treatment, the average quantity of the Eggs Per Gram (EPG) are statistically the same. In other words, the situation before the treatment is identical with the 6 groups. After the treatment, it is to say at state 2, we have noticed a difference highly significative between the treatments with an efficiency rate of -50% for the witness group ; 80% for the treatment 1 ; -14% for the treatment 2 ; 4% for the treatment 3 ; 16% for the treatment 4 and 65% for the treatment 5. In conclusion, we can retain that papaya seeds, no matter what is their dosage, have reduced significantly the number of EPG comparing to the witness group. But that reduction remains lower than the one of citrate of pipérazine® (2.5g/L of the solution). More over, the more the dosage of papaya seed increases, the more the reduction of Ascaridia galli parasitical eggs is important
Biomolecule protective, antioxygenic and anxiolytic properties of Piper betel leaves extract
Get PDFPiper betel L. is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family. This study was aimed at investigating the biomolecule protective, in vitro antioxidant and anti-anxiety properties. The hydroalcohol extract was examined for radical scavenging ability against 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2\u27-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals, metal cheating inhibition, DNA and protein damage protection assay, anti lipid peroxidation, reducing power and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities. The tests employed for anti-anxiety property are open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM) conducted in mice. The IC50 values for metal chelating power, ABTS radical scavenging, NO scavenging and in vitro lipid peroxidation were 272.3µg ml-1,343.3µg ml-1, 309.1µg ml-1 and 146.3µg ml-1 respectively. The plant extract provided protection against DNA and protein damage and this was comparable to gallic acid, the standard. The animals receiving the extracts also showed an increase in the time of stay and number of entries in the open arm of the EPM with increased time mobile in the OFT. The study suggests that the extract of Piper betel possesses antioxidant and anti-anxiety properties, providing significant protection against oxidative damage to major biomolecules
Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of various fractions of Guazuma tomentosa root heartwood
Get PDFGuazuma tomentosa is an important medicinal plant. The present investigation deals with GC-MS analysis of pet.ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of root heartwood of G. tomentosa. In antioxidant activity of these fractions by employing DPPH free radical scavenging effect and FRAP total reduction capability method dichloromethane fraction was most effective exhibiting activity nearly equivalent to that of ascorbic acid (standard) at higher concentration, which could be attributed to the phenolic constituents in this fraction.