International Journal of Phytomedicine
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First in vitro lipid peroxidation and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the Omani frankincense of Boswellia sacra Flueck.
No full textThe use of frankincense for the medicinal and religious purposes dates back to the early Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Chinese and today, it is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anti-tumor, sedative and diuretic agent. To prove the scientific basis of the anti-inflammatory properties and the in vitro lipid peroxidation of the Omani Frakincense on pharmacological grounds, the present study was conducted. The crude extract, the essential oils and various sub-fractions of the crude methanolic extract (300 mg/kg of the body weight of the animals) obtained from the resin of Boswellia sacra Flueck. were evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activities using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats and in vitro lipid peroxidation by using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay. The tremendous folk use of frankincense as an anti-inflammatory agent was rationalized by our present study of the in vitro TBARS assay and the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-inflammatory activity studies which has been conducted thoroughly on the essential oils, the crude extract and the various sub-fractions obtained by using various polarity organic solvents on the resin of the plant Boswellia sacra Flueck
Study of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of methanolic extract of Rumex acetosella roots and its fractions in different solvents
No full textThe context and purpose of the study: In view of the wide ethnomedicinal applications of Rumex acetosella, and as part of our quest for natural antioxidants, the present research was designed to evaluate antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of the methanolic extract of its roots and its sub-fractions in solvents of different polarity employing DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS, FRAP, phosphomolybdate, reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. Main findings: The MeOH extract and its fractions exhibited considerable antioxidant potential. The n-butanol fraction, having highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, 252.19 μg/mL of gallic acid equivalent and 891.34 μg/mL of rutin equivalent respectively, was most potent. All the fractions efficiently scavenged the DPPH free radical; n-butanol fraction was most powerful and had the lowest EC50 (212.36 μg/ mL) and TEC50 (4 min). The phosphomolybdate antioxidant activity of the plant extracts ranged from 325.41-82.47 μg/mL of AAE (Ascorbic Acid Equivalent). The n-butanol fraction had the highest FRAP, or ferric reducing antioxidant potential, value (569.52 μg/mL of AAE) and the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, or TEAC, value (1747.71 mM) in ABTS assay. The chloroform fraction that was least active in all the assays showed the lowest TEAC value (638.87 mM). Brief summary and potential implications: The polar fractions of the MeOH extract of the roots of R. acetosella, having higher phenolics and flavonoids, displayed noteworthy antioxidant properties, the n-butanol fraction being the most powerful. Results present the plant as a potential source of natural antioxidants
Coumarin isolation and comparative study of biological activities of Pterocaulon alopecuroides DC and Pterocaulon lorentzii Malme
No full text5-(2,3-Dihidroxy-3-methylbuthyloxy)-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin was isolated from the chloroform extract of the two Asteraceae species Pterocaulon alopecuroides DC. and Pterocaulon lorentzii Malme. The structure was elucidated through IR and 1H and 13C NMR analyses. The extracts and the isolated compound did not exhibit toxic activity, as determined through the brine shrimp lethality method, and did not interfere with the integrity of erythrocytes, as demonstrated through a hemolytic assay. The antioxidant activities were investigated through three methods. In the phosphomolybdenum test, the ethyl acetate fraction of P. alopecuroides exhibited an antioxidant activity of 137.7% compared with rutin (positive control), and the ethyl acetate fraction of P. lorentzii exhibited an antioxidant activity of 101.7% compared with vitamin C (positive control). The two ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited excellent activity through the DPPH assay: P. alopecuroides and P. lorentzii exhibited IC50 values of 10.74 μg/ml and 7.63 μg/ml, respectively. In the TBARS bioassay, the crude extracts showed the more significant results: IA% 0.419 ± 0.0517 for P. alopecuroides and IA% 0.213 ± 0.0094 for P. lorentzii
Antidiabetic activity of Cassia sophera in STZ induced diabetic rats and its effect on insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets
No full textThe aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Cassia sophera seed extracts in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Wistar rats. Aqueous extract of Cassia sophera (AECS) showed maximum fall (60.88%, p<0.01) in 0 to 1 h fasting blood glucose during glucose tolerance test in normal healthy rats. Since AECS exhibited potential hypoglycemic activity, it was further studied for antidiabetic effect in STZ induced diabetic rats. The oral effective dose (ED50) of AECS was 200 mg/kg body weight which produced a fall of (70.50%, p<0.01) in diabetic rats. Treatment with AECS significantly reduced the elevated glycosylated haemoglobin (45.67%, p<0.05) and increased insulin level (40.6%, p<0.01). Total cholesterol (19.05%) low density lipoprotein (21.41%), triglyceride (57.87%) levels and very high density lipoprotein (57.85%) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) whereas, high density lipoprotein was significantly increased (38.58%, p>0.05) in diabetic rats. Since AECS treatment resulted in significant increase in serum insulin, its effect on insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets was also studied. AECS stimulated insulin secretion from the isolated islets at 3.3 and 16.7mM glucose. The effect of AECS was dose dependent. AECS induced enhancement in insulin secretion was not diminished by nicorandil, suggesting that AECS induced insulin secretion was independent of K-ATP channels of β cells
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic whole plant extract of Desmodium gangeticum L.
No full textThe present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Desmodium gangeticum. Investigations were done by Carrageenan-induced paw oedema method in rats. Here the extract at the 100 & 200mg/kg dose level showed 36.68% (p<0.001) inhibition of edema volume at the end of 4hr .The extract reduced significantly the formation of oedema induced by carrageenan. Inflammatory diseases including different types of rheumatic diseases are very common throughout the world. Therefore the search for a better tolerated anti-inflammatory agent appears to be a necessity. Desmodium gangeticum is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation in India. Present study revealed that the plant Desmodium gangeticum possesses a significant anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced in carrageenan induced paw edema method, which supports the folkloric claim of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant
Anti Inflammatory Studies of Barringtonia acutangula (Linn) Fruits on Wistar Rats.
No full textThe study aims to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of Barringtonia acutangula (Linn) fruit extracts in wistar rats. In this study fruits of Barringtonia acutangula were extracted with ethanol and purified water, these extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis to identify their phytoconstituents. The ethanol and aqueous extracts were evaluated in vivo by using acute inflammatory models like; carrageenan induced paw oedema and chronic models like; cotton-pellet induced granuloma and carrageenan induced air-pouch model in rats. The biochemical parameters like reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and catalase were also estimated as supportive studies. Acute toxicity studies were performed initially in order to ascertain the safety of ethanol and aqueous extracts. The ethanol extract reduced the inflammation more significantly than the aqueous extract in the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, cotton-pellet induced granuloma and carrageenan induced air-pouch model in rats. The phytochemical investigation of the ethanol fruit extract showed the presence of phytosterols, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and carbohydrates. From the present study the ethanolic fruit extract of Barringtonia acutangula exhibited the anti-inflammatory effect by augmenting antioxidant defense system in the inflammation bearing rat, which is largely attributable to the additive or synergistic effect of its constituents
Volatile constituents of Hypericum asperulum Jaub. & Spach aerial parts from Iran
No full textThe essential oil composition of floweringaerial parts of Iranian endemic Hypericumasperulum Jaub. & Spach (Hypericaceae) was analyzed for the first timeby gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).Forty five compounds representing 97.8% of the total oil were identified. Themain components were γ-Muurolene (13.1%), α-Pinene (12.2%),Germacrene D (11.3%), β-Caryophyllene(9.8%) and Spathulenol (7.2%). The volatile oil of Hypericum asperulumJaub. & Spach flowering aerial parts was characterized by high content ofsesquiterpene hydrocarbons (57.4%)
Ethnobotanical studies on some wild plants of head Qadirabad and adjoining areas, Pakistan
No full textAn Ethno botanical survey was carried out during 2011-2012 in order to document the importance of the plants in Qadirabad, Tehsile Phalia and District Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 54 plants were collected belonging to 29 families, from which 50 were dicots and 4 were monocots, 28 families were angiosperms and only 1 was Pteridophyte. Papilionaceae was the dominant family. The plant species collected from the studied area and were identified with flora of Pakistan. Plants were categorized in single usage plants, two usage plants, and multi usage plants. It was observed that mostly plants were used for treatment of different kinds of diseases like stomachic diseases, Piles, constipation; bleeding wounds, snake bite etc. Cutting of trees for earning livelihood were common. It was also observed during this study, that harvesting of the plants is very common for local use
High performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint profile of ingredients and formulations of Shatavaryadi churna: an ayurvedic formulation
No full textObjective: To develop the finger print of medicinally important ayurvedic formulation Shatavaryadi churna and its ingredients for presence of phytoconstituents in different extracts. Methods: Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of all the ingredients and formulations were developed in the mobile phase n-hexane: diethyl ether (3:1), n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:4:0.2) n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:4:0.2) and toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:0.2) respectively using standard procedures and scanned under UV at suitable wavelength. Results: The HPTLC fingerprinting of all the extracts has shown several peaks with different Rf values. Conclusion: This fingerprint profile would be helpful in the identification and authentication of the selected ingredients and the formulations
Development, characterization, efficacy and repeated dose toxicity of nanoemulsified ethanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats.
Get PDFAlginate nanocapsules of ethanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale (NEL) were prepared by emulsification, cross linking with calcium chloride and solvent removal. Based on total phenol content the loading efficiency of the nanocapsules was 89% at an optimum concentration of 2: 18 (mg ml -1) for plant extract: olive oil. The photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) revealed that the mean particle diameter of optimized formulation was 233 nm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a spherical morphology. When subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for the compatability analysis between plant extract and sodium alginate, it revealed that the phytoconstituents were stable. The purpose of the present study was to compare the anti-diabetic activity of NEL and E.littorale (EL) in streptozoticin induced male rats. An oral dose of NEL (20 mg/kg b.w) and EL (2000 mg/kg b.w) showed a relatively similar antidiabetic effect, reducing the blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, ALT, AST, and ALP. Moreover, NEL is 100 times less than EL exhibiting better results within 10 days of treatment. These biochemical assessments were supported by rat biopsy examinations. In conclusion, the nanoemulsification method can be applied for poor water-soluble ethanolic herbal extracts to reduce the dosage and tim