International Journal of Phytomedicine
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The Queen of Herb with Potent Therapeutic Constituent in Various Disease States: A Reappraisal
No full textOcimum sanctum Linn has been used extensively for its medicinal value in India and China. In traditional system of medicine, different parts (leave, stem, flower, root, seed and even whole plant) of O. sanctum L. (Tulsi in Hindi and Vasub in Arabic), a small herb seen throughout in India. O. sanctum have been recommended for the treatment of bronchitis, bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin disease, arthritis, painful eye disease, chronic fever, insect bite etc. It has also been suggested to possess antifertility, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardio-protective, antiemetic, antispasmodic, adoptogenic and diaphoretic activity. Current scientific research revealed that O. sanctum exhibit significant anticancer activity by enhancing antioxidant potential of gastric mucosa thereby reducing mucosal damage and reduces stress; enhances stermina and endurance ;boosts the immune system, reduces inflammation; lessens aging factors; supports the heart, lungs and liver
Varying influence on different biomarkers related to hepato-recovery events in liver-injured rats when treated with extracts of Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus amarus or their active principles individually and in combination.
No full textWater extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Andrographis paniculata were used individually and in combination to investigate their hepato-recovery potential using carbon tetrachloride-treated, liver injured albino wistar rats. Toxicity study performed in female swiss albino mice was found to be satisfactory. HTPLC analysis revealed presence of andrographolide in A. paniculata and phyllanthin as well as gallic acid in P. amarus extracts. Histology analysis indicated extensive injury to liver tissue in experimental rats. Efficacy of polyherbal combination was less compared to individual extracts in reducing bilirubin concentration. SGPT and SGOT reduction by polyherbal combination was found to be similar to that of individual extracts. Co administration of extracts from both plants exhibited maximum reduction in γ GT concentration. However, polyherbal combination was not found to have any significant effect in reducing blood cholesterol when compared to individual extracts. Gallic acid, a component of P. amarus when used in pure form, was found to play significant role in reducing most liver biomarkers when compared to phyllanthin, the other active component of P. amarus. However, the latter was found to be more effective in reducing blood cholesterol compared to gallic acid. We concluded that polyherbal combination of A. paniculata and P. amarus does not always present a uniform, beneficial effect in cases of liver injury when monitored by several biomarkers. Further, gallic acid was found to be an equally important constituent of P. amarus extract along with phyllanthin in affecting hepato-protective activity in albino wistar rats
In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and membrane stabilizing activity of plant extract from Chrysanthemum fontanesii
No full textAntioxidant activities, antibacterial and membrane stabilizing activity of butanolic extract from leaves of Chrysanthemum fontanesii were investigated. The inhibition of the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in vitro and the scavenging of DPPH were assayed .The phenolic content of the extract was determined. The experimental results show that butanolic extract have antioxidant activity in vitro. The extracts showed a high antioxidant effect, especially scavenging of DPPH anions and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant activities were compared to ascorbic acid. The total content of phenolic compounds was 349 µg of gallic acid equivalents/mg extract. The butanolic extract was effective against microorganisms and against heat-as well as hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis of erytrocytes in vitro
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitory and free radical scavenging potential of W. somnifera and T. foenum-graecum extract
No full textThe incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), proposed as a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, is rapidly cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme (DPP-IV/CD26). DPP-IV inhibitors enhance circulating GLP-1 level, which in turn resulted into improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. The present study was designed to evaluate DPP-IV inhibitory activities vis a vis anti-peroxidative potential, if any, in two antidiabetic plants. We studied in vitro DPP-IV inhibition; DPPH radical scavenging potential; ß-carotene bleaching; reducing power and total phenolics content at the varying concentrations (0.1 – 1 mg/ml) in the extracts of W. somnifera (WS) root and T. foenum-graecum (TFG) seeds. Methanolic extract (0.5 mg/ml) of WS inhibited DPP-IV activities (69.7 ±0.56%) at greater extent than that of TFG (51.8±1.24%), as compared to control. WS extract contains relatively higher amount of total phenolics, elevated DPPH free radical scavenging potential and pronounced reducing power efficacy than that of TFG. The result of present study ravel that WS and TFG extracts contain some novel DPP-IV inhibitors with antiperoxidative potential and could be developed as therapeutic molecules for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Isolation and identification of compounds from Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth
No full textPhytochemical investigation of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. rattan ethanol extract allowed to isolate compounds characterized as β-sitosterol, triacontane, hexacontane, quercitin, myricitrin, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-D-(6\u27-O-galloy1)-glucopyranoside, 5,7,3\u27,4\u27,5\u27-hexamethoxyflavone and oblongixanthone A. Oblongixanthone A was isolated for the first time and its structural characterization was obtained on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectral studies
Non-Toxic Fractions of Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum oblongifolium Inhibit Protein Glycation, Free Radicals Production and Lipid Peroxidation in vitro
No full textIn this study, the biological activities of the crude extracts/fractions of two medicinally important plants Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum oblongifolium were investigated for their potential antiglycation, antioxidant, anti lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity studies. In antioxidant 1,l-Diphenyl-2-picryIhydrazylradical (DPPH) assay, aqueous and n-Butanol fractions of H. perforatum exhibited significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values 91.443±2.052 and 119.781±2.821 µg/mL respectively while n-Butanol fraction of H. oblongifolium also showed moderate activity with IC50 value 215.375±3.562 µg/mL. The n-Butanol fraction of H. perforatum showed 63.466% activity and aqueous fraction showed 52.901% inhibition in lipid per oxidation assay while H. oblongifolium fractions, dichloromethane, methanol and n-Butanol exhibited 67.206%, 61.874% and 54.219% inhibition, respectively. The n-Butanol and n-hexane fractions showed 57.250% and 50.018% inhibitory activity against protein glycation. All fractions from both species were found to be non-toxic largely in cytotoxicity assay except for n-hexane fraction of H. perforatum and dichloromethane fraction of H. oblongifolium which showed mild cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 21.70±0.237 µg/mL and 26.612±0.014 µg/mL respectively as compared to cycloheximide used as standard (IC50 = 0.073±0.1 µg/mL). The study concluded that the aqueous and n-Butanol fractions of both the species possess promising antioxidant, antiglycation and anti lipid per oxidation activities with no toxic effects in vitro
Identification of Bioactive Components in Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Amorphophallus campanulatus Tuber by GC-MS Analysis
No full textThe uses of herbal medicines worldwide provide an excellent opportunity for India to look into the therapeutic compounds from ancient system of therapy, Ayurveda. Since ancient time, Amorphophallus campanulatus has been considered as medicinal plant with multiple protective activities. So, the present study was aimed to identify the various phytochemical constituents in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Amorphophallus campanulatus tuber by GC-MS analysis. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Amorphophallus campanulatus were dissolved in absolute ethanol (1mg/ml). 10µl of this sample was then injected for gas chromatography- mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The results for the first time revealed the presence of several bioactive components both in the ethanolic as well as in the aqueous extracts. However, the ethanolic extract showed quantitatively higher amount of these components than the aqueous extract as is clearly indicated by higher % peak area of the compounds in the ethanolic extract. Some components of biological importance include Hexadecanoic acid and its methyl and ethyl esters, Heptadecanoic acid, Linoleic acid and its ester, Oleic acid, Stigmasterol, 1, 3, 5, benzenetriol, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5 -dihydroxy-6-methyl-, Squalene and Vitamin E. Thus the results of the present study is an evidence to support the traditional usage of A. campanulatus which possess several known and unknown bioactive components. By identifying and isolating these components, new drugs can be formulated to treat various diseases
55 Anticancer Fruits, Vegetables, Beverages, Oils and Spices
No full textCancer is one of the most devastating diseases, and despite good understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and advances in treatment, globally cancer is still a major cause of death. It has been estimated that 30–40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle and dietary measures alone and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of many common forms of cancer. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the antitumor properties of various fruit and vegetable extracts and beverages. Epidemiological data suggest that ingestion of bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables, such as polyphenols and terpenes, may contribute to reduce the incidence of cancer in humans. The mechanisms by which these compounds inhibit tumourgenesis include inhibition of tumour cell mediated protease activity, attenuation of tumour angiogenesis, induction of cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis. In addition, it has been reported that combining natural compounds with chemotherapeutic agents is a promising strategy to enhance the inhibition of tumour survival. Also a wide variety of phenolic substances derived from spice possess potent antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. Such spices have been known to be effective on large intestine, liver, stomach, breast, skin, bladder, and colon cancer. Hence, an attempt has been made to review some fruits, vegetables, beverages, oils and spices used for the prevention and treatment of cancer
Antimycobacterial activity of Brazilian Amazon plants extracts
No full textTuberculosis (TB) is one infectious disease responsible for more than 2 million of deaths worldwide. The increase of TB cases resistant to drugs normally used in treatment has reinforced the necessity of development of new antimicrobials, which should be active to resistant strains and latent bacilli, further it should reduce the treatment duration. Thus fifty-six plants extracts obtained from Brazilian Amazon forest were tested in three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being one pan-susceptible strain (H37Rv), one isoniazid resistant and one rifampicin resistant. Twenty-nine plants extracts were active against pan-susceptible strain, twenty-four against isoniazid resistant and thirteen against rifampicin resistant. These results indicate the potential of the Brazilian Amazon plants products as source of new antimicrobials
The use of Medicinal Plants for the treatment of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis in South West Bengal of India
No full textGonorrhoea and Syphilis as Sexually Transmitted Infections occur throughout the world. In India the prevalence of these diseases are in alarming situation due to the rapid spread of the diseases, high cost of treatment and the increased risk of transmission. Current therapies available for symptomatic treatment are quite expensive beyond the reach of common people and associated with the emergence of drug resistance. Many patients seeking help from the alternative systems of medicines for treatment. In our country several crude plants are used as medicine since Vedic period. Herbal medicines provide rational means for the treatment of many Sexually Transmitted Infections. The herbal medicines have many advantages: have no side effects, better patient tolerance and relatively less expensive. Locally available herbal practitioners or healers have practiced since past in this direction. Furthermore the acceptability of herbal medicines are greater to control these infections due to the social stigma associated with them and in case of women it is much more acceptable to discuss their problem with the traditional healers or herbal medical practitioners. In the present study thirty seven medicinal plants have been recorded for the treatment of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis and documented from South West Bengal of India