International Journal of Phytomedicine
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The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds on Hematological Parameters of Anemic Rats
No full textThe current study was conducted to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa seeds on anemic rats. Anemia was induced in rats by two models, the first model is feeding rats with iron deficient diets for the induction of nutritional anemia while the hemorrhagic anemia model was induced in rats by bleeding off 30 % their blood volume. 400 mg of the extract/kg body weights of rats administered to anemic rats has increased their hematological parameters. This increase was significant in the hemoglobin, PCV and RBC count of hemorrhagic anemic rats and the extract caused significant increase in the hemoglobin level of the nutritionally iron-deficient rats
Evaluation of noni extract on mouse macrophages for its immune-enhancer property
No full textMorinda citrifolia L. has been used in a traditional Polynesian medicine for over 2000 years. The fruit are consumed by various communities all over the world. Due to its nutritional value, it has received an increasing importance. The present study analyzed the phagocytic property of Morinda citrifolia L (Noni drug). The BD dose (0.266 mg / 25 gm mice) of Noni drug was used to test the immunoenhancer property on Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided in to 4 groups of both either sex. Test group animals in each molecular weight were treated with OD and BD dose of noni orally, control group animal were treated with plain drinking water and standard control animal were treated with Cyclosporine A according mice weight. The BD treated animal exhibited 77.89% phagocytic activity when compared with control which exhibited 27.23%, OD group animal 47.77% and standard group animal 18.75%
In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts from Yemen aromatic plants
No full textThe aim of this work was to (i) determine the antioxidant activity in the extracts of five Yemeni plants: Zizyphus vulgaris, Thymus vulgaris, Ruta graveolens, Lavandula officinalis, and Salavia officinalis by two different antioxidant test 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-Carotene bleaching (BCB); (ii) determine the total phenolic (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total tannins (TT), and total anthocyanins (TA) of the extracts by Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride method, Folin and Ciocalteu method, and pH-differential method, respectively; (iii) investigate the effectiveness of the extracts on the growth inhibition of some indicators of foodborne illness bacteria by agar well diffusion assay. There is a great variability in the TP, TF, TT, TA, inhibition of DPPH and BCB, and antibacterial effectiveness of the extraction obtained from the five plants. S. officinalis and L. officinalis best inhibition of DPPH (60.42%, 43.97%), BCB (80.77%, 67.77%), possessed the highest TP (75.2, 64.9 mg/g) and TT (0.70, 0.66 mg/g), while the Z. vulgaris possessed the highest TF (48.1 mg/g) and TA (0.49 mg/100g ). The extracts of R. graveolens exhibited inhibitory effects against most tested bacteria at all added doses
Phytochemical and Pharmacognostical Investigations on Aerial roots of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham
No full textObjective: To evaluate Phytochemical and pharmacognostical investigations on the aerial roots of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. Methods: The investigations as per WHO Guidelines and other standard parameters (Morphological studies, Microscopical studies, Histochemical colour reaction Extractive values, Ash values, Swelling index , bitterness value, foaming index haemolytic activity, tannin content and phytochemical investigations) Results: The aerial roots are typical roots, fibrous and slightly bitter. The microscopy of the powder revealed the presence of annular xylem vessel, lignified fibre, parenchymatous cell and cork cells. Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash and sulphated ash were 14.15%, 8.57%, 10.75%, 6.00% respectively. The extractive values i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extract were 5.7%, 10%, 5.5%, 4.5%, 10.5%. The fiber content was 9.45%. The plant can be used as bitter as its bitterness was found to be 1.9 unit/g. The foaming index was 124.6. The plant possesses haemolytic activity. The plant extracts were good to be free of microbial contamination. The tannin content was 22. The preliminary phytochemical screening of Petroleum Ether extract, Ethyl acetate extract, Chloroform extract, Ethanol extract, Aqueous extract was performed. The presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenolic compounds, and sterol in various extracts were observed. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts were screened for presence of amino acid and carbohydrates. The TLC profile of extracts showed the presence of three amino acid viz. alanine, methionine, ornithine and tyrosine and three carbohydrates i.e. galactose, lactose and sucrose. Conclusion: This is first ever phytochemical and pharmacognostical study carried out on the aerial roots of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. useful for future standardization of Ficus lacor aerial roots
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Acacia suma stem bark
No full textAcacia suma (Fabaceae) is a medium sized erect tree found in the greater part of India. Present study was carried out for evaluation of ethanolic extract of stem bark of Acacia suma (EEAS) at 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. EEAS was screened for analgesic activity by writhing, tail flick, tail immersion and hot plate method in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity by acute carrageenan induced paw oedema and chronic Freund’s adjuvant arthritis models in rats. The antipyretic activity was evaluated using Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rabbits. Acute toxicity in mice was found to be higher than 2000 mg/kg., p.o. Analgesic activity revealed that test dose of 400 mg/kg, p.o., had significant activity in various tested models. Anti-inflammatory studies at 200 and 400 mg/kg., p.o., of extract showed significant activity (P<0.01). The extract showed significant (P<0.01) effect on yeast-induced fever in rabbits in dose dependant manner. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed presence of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and phenolic compounds in the ethanol extract of A. suma bark. The present study therefore provides scientific base for its use in the folklore remedies as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of natural origin
GC-MS Analysis of Non-Polar Fractions of Leaves, Stems and Roots of Pisonia grandis R.Br.
No full textThe present investigation was designed to explore the secondary metabolites present in the petroleum ether extract of leaves, stems and roots of Pisonia grandis R.Br. using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Known quantity of shade dried and pulverized parts of Pisonia grandis were extracted with pet-ether at reflux temperature for 6 h. The extracts were concentrated under vacuum and the concentrated extracts designated as PGSP, PGRP and PGLP were subjected to GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS analysis revealed the most prevailing phytoconstituents as n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 6-octadecenoic acid (petroselenic acid), 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid), 2,3-bis-[(9E)-9-octadecenoyloxy]propyl (9E)-9-octadecenoate (9-octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester) and phytol in the extracts. The presence of various therapeutically important metabolites justifies the use of the plant for various ailments by tribals and traditional healers
Modulation of Cellular Calcium Adenosine Triphosphatase in Tissues of Rats Fed with Protein-Deficient Diet Fortified with Moringa oleifera Leaves
No full textCalcium Adenosine Triphosphatase is a ubiquitous enzyme and key protein for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis in various cellular compartments. Moringa leave has been reported to be a very good source of dietary protein as well as pool of minerals. So far the effect of varying dietary protein on the activities of Ca2+ pump across cell membranes is yet to be fully explained. In this study, the effects of protein deficiency on Ca2+-ATPase activities were investigated. Twenty four Wistar rats (average weight 119±0.3 g) randomised into four groups of six (6) rats each were used for the study. Group A rats were treated with normal animal diet, group B were placed on protein-deficient diet, Group C were treated with protein deficient diet fortified with fish while Group D were administered with protein deficient diet fortified with Moringa oleifera leaves powder. They were maintained on respective diets for 6 weeks then sacrificed. The skeletal muscle, brain and liver were removed and homogenised. Vanadate is a known cellular Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor and was used to confirm the sensitivity of the enzyme in the homogenate. The protein concentration in each formulated diet was determined to be 9.71%, 2.19%, 23.92% and 31.54% for group A, B, C and D respectively. The enzyme’s activities were highest in group D and lowest in Group B. In the same line, the activities were also highest in the skeletal muscle and lowest in the liver of all the groups. The Km (ATP) and Vmax of the enzyme in all the studied organs were lowest in group D and highest in group B. The results indicate that protein deficiency reduces the activities of Ca2+-ATPase in the entire tissues’ cells and that M. oleifera leave powder is a better activator for the enzyme and therefore a good modulator of Ca2+-ATPase activitie
Antimicrobial activity of Fagoniaindica from Thal Desert, Punjab, Pakistan
No full textFagoniaindicais a member of Zygophyllaceae family. The plant is used in indigenous medicine to treatvarious ailmentssuch as tumors, abscesses, wounds, scrofulous glands and other swellings of neck. The present study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of this plant. For this purpose, polarity based extraction of the powdered sampleswere carried out with n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, butanol, ethanol and methanol. The extracts were tested on fungal pathogens viz., A.niger, F.oxysporum, A.fumigatus, C.albicansand N.sitophillaand bacterial strains i.e., S. aureus, S.epidermidis, E. coli, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, S.typi, L.bulgaricus and M.luteus. All the extracts isolated from F.indicahave demonstrated pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activity.Maximum activities were shown by acetone and ethyl acetate extracts which exhibited activity against all the tested bacterial strains.Maximum antifungal activity was expressed by ethyl acetate extract which inhibited all fungal pathoges.The present study supports the use of this plant in traditional medicines as an effective drug used to treat various skin diseases
Ethnobotanical study of Jahangir abad, District Mardan
No full textThe traditional utilization of medicinal plants in healthcare performs and providing indication to new areas of research and hence its importance is now well recognized. However, information on the uses of indigenous plants for medicine is not well documented from many rural areas of Pakistan including district Mardan. The present studies were aimed to explore the ethnomedicinal profile and conservation status of threatened flora of Jahangir abad. The study area is located in the district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, contains more than 90 species directly used by local communities. Of these plants, 51 are wild plants, 23 cultivated vegetable crops and 16 are important medicinal and economically important trees. Menta longifolia, Calotropis procera, Solanum surretense, Allium sativum and Melia azedarach had multipurpose medicinal uses. Different pathological effect and pitiless collection of medicinal plants in the area has threatened the survival of some essential and valuable medicinal plants like Dalbergia sissoo and Tamarix indica in the area of Jahangir abad
Antimicrobial Activities of the Ethanol Extracts of Mirabilis jalapa L. and Euphorbia dendroide.
No full textAntimicrobial activity was examined from two selected plants: Mirabilis jalap L. (stem, leaves and seeds) and Euphorbia dendroide (stem, leaves and root) different parts were screened against seven bacterial strains; three Gram positive (Staphlyococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus atropoeusand), four Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonila typhi and Kleibsiella pneumonia) and one fungal strain Candida albican. Antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method; crude extracts were obtained by using ethanol as the extraction solvent. Two concentrations (6 mg/ml and 12 mg/ml) were used to check the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts. The result showed that Euphorbia dendroide different parts extracts were more active against gram negative bacteria and fungal strain then Mirabilis jalap L. while both plants showed good activity against gram positive bacteria. Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin and Clotrimezole (50 µg/ml) were used as a standard drug