International Journal of Phytomedicine
Not a member yet
664 research outputs found
Sort by
Herbal Plants: A Potential Agent to Cure Infectious Mastitis in Bovine Animals
No full textThe medicinal plants are used in traditional treatments in order to cure variety of diseases since prehistoric period. Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland and it is the most serious and economically important disease in the dairy milk production worldwide. The main aim of this study was to identify such plants with antimicrobial efficacy against some mastitis pathogens. For this purpose the locally available plants viz., Gymnema sylvestre, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Vernonia anthelmintica Enicostemma littorale, Momordica charantia, Swertia chirata, Azadirachta indica, Caesalpinia bonducella were selected for the study. These plants were screened against 18 bacteria that were isolated from clinical and sub clinical milk samples of buffaloes. The plants were extracted using methanol and showed the inhibitory effect against gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria. But gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive than gram-negative bacteria. The largest zone of inhibition [24mm in diameter] was recorded against corynebacterium xerosis with the leaf extract of Azadirchta indica. It was concluded that these plant extract can be used as a drug against the mastitis causing pathogens
Antibacterial activity and Phytochemical analysis of Cardanthera difformis Druce leaf extracts from West Bengal, India.
No full textIn rural and backward areas of west Bengal of India several plants are commonly used as herbal medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases without any phytochemical and biological information in detail. The current study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of Cardanthera difformis. Methanol, ethanol, chloroform, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of shed dried plant leaves of Cardanthera difformis were tested for antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening.The antibacterial behaviour of different extracts (methanol, acetone, ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether) of leaves of Cardanthera difformis using the standard well diffusion assay were investigated against the seven strains of bacterial species, viz., Enterobactor faecalis, Eschirichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonous aerusinosa, Salmonella typhi, Shiegella dysentriae and Staphylococcus aureus.. Among the various solvent extract the acetone leaf extract exhibit the best antibacterial property followed by chloroform, ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether. The ethanol extract showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonous aeruginosa, Enterobactor faecalis and Shiegella dysentriae. The acetone extract showed the highest magnitude of inhibition against Salmonella typhi among the extracts under study. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts using standard qualitative methods revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, quinone, carbohydrates and amino acids. Both the petroleum ether and methanol extracts showed the maximum efficiency for biochemical constituents. The present study experimentally proved the justification of traditional use of C.difformis for the treatment of various diseases and reported for the first time in the world to focus the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of C.difformis and may lead to the development of a new generation of drugs having both chemotherapeutic and chemo preventive properties in future
Screening for the antimicrobial activity of Salvadora persica extracts against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans
No full textAntimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C.albicans), frequently implicated in dental infections, remains a challenge. Using a variety of solvents this study was performed to screen the antimicrobial activity of Salvadora persica (S. persica) extracts against these two organisms. Seven extracts of S. Persica were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol-soluble, methanol-insoluble, ethanol, and water. Antimicrobial activities against E. faecalis and C.albicans were assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) counts after 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours of exposure using doubling dilutions of the extracts ranging between 125 µg to 1mg/ml. Among the extracts of S. persica tested, hexane extract induced a steady and progressive reduction in CFUs of both the E. faecalis (p<0.001) and C. albicans (p<0.01) at all concentrations beginning after 3 hours until 24 hours. Progressive inhibition of E. faecalis CFUs was also observed for ethanol beginning at 3 hours until 24 hours (p <0.001) and chloroform only at 24 hours (p<0.001) at all concentrations. Ethyl acetate extract of S. persica was effective against C. albicans at 250µg/mg after 6 hours (p<0.02) and 24 hours (p <0.002). No significant changes were observed in any of the other tested extracts of S. persica. Hexane extract of S. persica was found to exhibit maximum antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and C.albicans. Further studies are recommended for evaluation of this extract as an effective anti-microbial agent
Bactericidal, fungicidal and anthelmintic activities of Alstonia scholaris bark extracts
No full textPlant based medicines are effective against many human infectious diseases either by paralysing or killing the pathogen. In the present study, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Alstonia scholaris bark were screened for their bactericidal, fungicidal and anthelmintic properties. Antibacterial activity revealed that chloroform extract at the 20 mg/ml showed significant antibacterial effect. Nevertheless, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts also showed antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. dyscentreae, but less effective than chloroform extract. All the extracts were not as potent as the standard drug ciprofloxacin. Fungicidal activity revealed that among all the test extracts, ethanol extract at 20 mg/ml showed significant fungicidal effect against Rhizopus. . Interestingly, petroleum ether and ethanol extracts at 20 mg/ml showed more significant fungicidal action when compared to standard drug sulphamethoxazole. Anthelmintic activity of A. scholaris extracts was carried out at four different concentrations viz., 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/ml to evaluate their effect in inducing paralysis and death in Pheretima posthuma. Anthelmintic activity revealed that petroleum ether extract at 20 mg/ml induced paralysis in worms within 12 min and death within 25.33 min. However, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts at 20 mg/ml also showed significant anthelmintic activity. Among all the extracts of A. scholaris, chloroform extract was most potent at concentration 20 mg/ml but less efective than standard drug albendazole. This investigation revealed that all the extracts of A. scholaris showed efficient bactericidal, fungicidal and anthelmintic activity against the test pathogens indicating the medicinal property of A. scholaris
Effect of different storage conditions on guggulsterone content in oleo-gum resin of Commiphora wightii
No full textEffects of light, temperature, packaging and duration of storage was investigated on the active constituents of Commiphora wightii oleo-gum resin. The freshly collected oleo-gum resins were packed in borosilicate Glass (GL), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) vials, and were stored at 10ºC, 20 ºC, 30 ºC and 40ºC respectively for eight months in dark and at 20ºC, and 30ºC in light. Total guggulsterone (GS), guggulsterone-E (GSE) and guggulsterone-Z (GSZ) content was estimated in the oleo-gum resin every month for eight months with the help of HPLC. Study showed that GS, and GSZ are very sensitive to high temperature (>40 ºC) and light and deteriorate very quickly. While, GSE content showed an increase at this temperature. Among the studied vials, air tight dark colored GL vials were observed to retain total GS and GSZ content for longer period. Since, total GS / GSZ are mainly responsible for medicinal properties of ‘Guggul’ oleo-gum resin; therefore, for better efficacy of the drug, it should be kept at low temperature (10 ºC) in dark air tight Glass containers. At this condition, the oleo-gum resin shows only 16.04% loss in total GS and 9.23% loss in GSZ content after six months of storage. The study has demonstrated proper commercial storage conditions of the drug for longer use without losing its efficacy
Hepatic Mitochondrial Damage Aggravated By Azathioprine: Protective Effect of Quercetin
No full textMitochondrian play an important role in the production of energy and cell cycle regulation. Administration of azathioprine (AZA), an immunosuppressant drug, adversely affects the hepatic mitochondria which may culminate hepatotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of quercetin (QE), against AZA induced hepatic injury in Wistar rats. AZA (50 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered once on the 7th day of experiment. A significant depletion in the levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed in AZA alone treated rats. Simultaneous decrease in the levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH ), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were observed. Decrease in the levels of these enzymes suggests a loss in mitochondrial function and integrity. Lipids existing in the mitochondrial membrane were peroxidised, and measured by the production of malondialdehyde (MDA). The supplementation of QE (50mg/kg body weight) restored the depleted levels of enzymes and above hepatic mitochondrial abnormality to near normalcy. The present study highlights the antioxidant property of QE in improving the mitochondrial functions in AZA induced hepatic degradatio
Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Compounds by HPLC and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and their Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb.
No full textThe impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. The traditional usage of Shorea tumbuggaia as a folklore medicine, the plant parts are administered to counteract different ailments. Hence the present study intended to isolate phenolic compounds from stem bark of Shorea tumbuggaia by using 70% acetone and poly vinyl poly pyrrolidone; and characterized by U.V. Visible spectrometry, High performance liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. And an assessment of the ability of the extracted phenols to scavenge the hydrozen perioxide; sueproxide, DPPH was determined with reference to ascorbic acid by spectrophotometric methods. Total 90 phenolic compounds were obtained at both positive and negative ion modes of LCMS. Among the isolated phenols, 20 phenolic compounds have been identified based on their retention time and m/z values. Namely, Benzoic acid, caffeoyl-5-ferryol quinic acid, thymol, homovanillic acid, eudesmic acid, caffeic acid, 9 CoA, chrysin, pinocembrin, luteolin, quercetin-3-rutinoside, ellagic acid, cohumulone, caffeic acid hexoside, lupulone, deoxy hexoside of ellagic acid, 3’-4-Di hydroxyl 5-6 dimethoxy 7-0-glucoside flavones, oleuropein, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside and heptameric procyanidin. These phenols has showed good antioxidant activity the highest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging effect of the isolated phenolic compounds has been recorded at 81.8% when compared to the DPPH and superoxide ion activities with reference to ascorbic acid. This study illustrate the rich array of phenolic compounds and their free radical scavenging activity of stem bark of Shorea tumbuggaia could be utility as health beneficial bioactive compounds
Estrogenic and anti-proliferative activity of water extract of Glycyrhizzic uralensis (licorice root)
No full textLicorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Licorice extract has been claimed to have anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. This study evaluated the estrogenic effect of licorice root water extract on Ishikawa cells and related it to its effect on cell proliferation using various cell lines in comparison to glycyrrhizic acid (GA). This study showed that licorice root extract exhibited estrogenic property while decreasing cell proliferation thus suggesting possible use in estrogen replacement agent with anti-proliferative property. Even though GA is the most studied active component in licorice, these two properties were not seen in the cell lines tested; hence suggesting that GA is not responsible for these activities. These results showed that licorice could be further studied as an estrogen replacement agent as it does not cause an increase in cell proliferation in the breast and uterus
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ALTERED THE MYOCARDIAL MARKER ENZYMES: PROTECTION PROVOKED BY HESPERIDIN IN RATS
No full textOur present experimentation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin (HDN) (100mg/kg body weight), administered orally for 7 days on cyclophosphamide (CP) elicited oxidative damage on rat heart. Cardiotoxicity inflicted by single intraperitoneal injection of CP (200mg/kg body weight) was manifested by exalted levels of CPK (creatinine phosphokinase),ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase).CP induced group depicted significant amelioration in level of MDA (malondialdehyde) , HDN treated group demonstrated inflated levels of above enzymes and decreased level of MDA. These levels were reversed to normal levels in HDN treated group. Thus result of our study is in concordance with the notion that HDN is adept in combating myocardial free radical damage provoked by CP thus proving its protective potential
Lipid profile and hepatoprotective effects of combined leaf extracts of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Peristrophe bicalyculata in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
No full textPurpose of the study: This study was designed to investigate the protective efficacy of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Azadirachta indica (AI) and Peristrophe bicalyculata (PB) on the liver of alloxan-induced diabetic albino wistar as well as their effect on serum lipid profile. Main findings: A significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in HDL, VLDL and triglyceride values while an increase (P<0.05) was observed in LDL and total cholesterol values in the diabetic control (DC) compared with the normal control (NC). Treatment with PB reversed the decrease in HDL levels comparable to the reversal by insulin. All the extracts caused an increase in the value of VLDL compared to DC. The values of LDL decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all the extract-treated rats relative to DC with the combine extracts showing a synergistic decrease. The decrease in TG was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by treatment with all the extracts and insulin while the increase in TC was reversed only by AI. There was an increase in AST and ALT and a decrease in ALP levels in DC, relative to NC. Only the combined extract resulted in a reduction in AST level, relative to DC, comparable to the Insulin value. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in ALT level in all treated animals compared to DC. Except for AI, no reversals were observed for ALP levels in all the treatment groups. Summary of findings: The results show that a combination of the two plant extracts will be most appropriate for a total normalization of the diabetes-induced hyperlipidemia and protection of the liver against diabetes-induced injury