International Journal of Phytomedicine
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ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER STUDIES OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF MORINDA PUBESCENS LEAF
No full textMorinda pubescens is used for the treatment of diabetes, liver diseases, wound healing, cancer etc and this study was aimed to screen the chloroform extract of Morinda pubescens leaves for biologically active compounds and to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer potential against HepG2 cell lines. The antioxidant activity of extract and its isolated compounds were carried out using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay using L- ascorbic acid as a standard. The tetrazolium salt 3-[4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5diphenyl trazolium bromide was used to determine the cell viability against HepG2 cells and Caspase-3 and -9 carried out to find the mechanism of the cytotoxicity. Octonyl glucopyranose, the isolated bioactive compound was subjected to RT-PCR study to confirm the apoptotic activity. The results revealed that the chloroform extract and three isolated compounds namely phytol, Octonyl glucopyranose and hexonyl glucopyranose exhibited significant antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 550, 758, 482 and 645μg/mL respectively. The Octonyl glucopyranose one of the isolated bioactive compounds decreased the cell viability in HepG2 cells dose-dependently and increased the caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein levels to 1.3 folds than the normal cells. Augmentation of p53 expression was observed in the Octonyl glucopyranose treated cells than the untreated cells. These findings might offer valuable insights into the mechanism of anti-cancer activity of Octonyl glucopyranose HepG2 cells
Topical treatment with Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin improves wound healing in rats
No full textCopaifera langsdorffii oleoresin (copaiba) has been used in the Amazon as traditional wound healing remedy for centuries. Since its mechanisms of action remain unclear, we investigated its effects on excisional wounds in rats. Wounds were made on the dorsum of animals assigned to three groups: saline, control cream and 10% copaiba cream, and assessed on days 2, 7 and 14 post-wounding morphometrically, histologically and biochemically. Wound healing rate was faster in copaiba than in saline or cream groups. This was corroborated by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity which rose progressively throughout in copaiba group. MMP-9, a marker of inflammation, was not detectable at day 14 in copaiba group, but persisted in the other groups. Moreover, histology showed early population of copaiba-treated wounds by inflammatory cells, and by day 14 this group had less fibroblasts and more organized collagen. Further, copaiba group synthesized collagen faster than saline and cream groups, as evidenced by progressive increases in the amounts of hydroxyproline at days 7 and 14 (p < 0.012). These findings suggest that 10% copaiba oleoresin cream promotes wound healing in rats by regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, stimulating collagen synthesis and promoting tissue remodeling and reepithelialization
A Comprehensive Ethno-Phyto-Pharmacological Review on Novel Indian Medicinal Plants Used In Polyherbal Formulations
No full textAlmost 15% out of the 20,000 medicinal plants in Indian sub continent has a tremendous potential and advantage in the emerging field of herbal medicines. Medicinal plants are the main sources of chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. A lot of compounds were characterized from plants which are now using in the treatment of many diseases. Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mentioned the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. Medical plants play an important role in the management of different clinical problems especially in developing countries where resources are meager The present paper reviews the literature on recent ethno medicinal uses with pharmacological screeing of every plant part of different five medicinal plants, i.e Cassia Auriculata Linn, Cinnamomum tamala, Ficus benghalensis, Trichosynthes dioica and Mangifera indica and their phytochemical properties used for the treatment of various ailments in human civilization as well as used in folk medicine as a remedy. The name and parts of the plant studied, the spectrum of activity, and methods used are discussed in this review paper
Evaluation of hepatoprotectve activity and isolation of 2-(3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl)-7-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy ethoxy) 4-H-chromen-4one from column fractions of leaves of the extract of Crataeva magna.
No full textNature is only source of hepatoprotective drugs in modern medicine to prevent and treat drug-induced liver damage. The alcoholic extract of fresh leaves of the plant Crataeva magna, previously reported for its hepatoprotective activity was fractionated into three parts to chemically identify the most potent bioactive fraction. The current study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity, isolation and characterization property of effective column fractions of the leaves of the plant Crataeva magna. The hepatopreventive effect of the column fractions (F1, F2 and F3) of the leaves of the plant were evaluated by measuring the levels of serum liver damage marker enzyme such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilurubin. As per the result, since the F3 fraction of the extract showing out the significant reduction in the elevated serum level which can be compared with the standard drug silymarin therefore, phytochemical investigation of the F3 fractions led to the identify the structure of the flavonoid compound which was established by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EI-MS) as 2-( 3, 4-Dihydroxy Phenyl )-7-Hydroxy-3-( 2-Hydroxy Ethoxy) 4-H-Chromen-4one
Validated RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of betulin in Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. extract
No full textAsteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. (Acanthaceae) is a well known medicinal plant of Indian traditional medicines. The aim of this work was to develop a validated reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of betulin in A. longifolia extract. The analysis was performed by RP-HPLC on Luna C18 (2) 100 Å, 250 x 4.6 mm column under isocratic elution of acetonitrile and water (80:20, v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and the total run time was 20 min. The column temperature was adjusted at 25°C and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. The method was validated for suitability, specificity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ), robustness and ruggedness. The betulin content in A. longifolia extract was found to be 15.96 ± 0.34% (w/w). The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 10-125 μg/ml (r2 = 0.997) and the recovery range was 98.29-99.59%. The LOD and LOQ were 1.11 and 7.35 μg/ml, respectively. The intra- and inter-day assay precisions were satisfactory and the relative standard deviations were found to be always less than 2%. The developed method was found to be simple, sensitive, accurate, robust and rugged for the quantification of betulin. This validated method can be useful for the routine quality control analysis of betulin content in A. longifolia extract and its formulations
Inhibitory effect of Dolichos biflorus extract on allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma
No full textThe context: Bronchial asthma is an allergic disorder characterized by airway hyper- responsiveness, infiltration of various inflammatory mediators and remodeling of the airways. Asthma is triggered by various factors like drugs, respiratory infection, dust, cold air, exercise, emotions, occupational stimuli, chemicals, histamine, and ovalbumin. Traditional medicinal plants are commonly used to treat or prevent asthma and its causes. Purpose of the study: Traditionally seeds of Dolichos biflorus are used in the treatment of cough, edema and asthma. The present study was designed to evaluate inhibitory effect of Dolichos biflorus extract on allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. Main findings: With the treatment of ethanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus (DB) seeds, there was significant decrease in inflammatory cell count, level of nitric oxide and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at the oral dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. DB also restored the level of lung antioxidant enzymes (LPO, GSH, SOD, Catalase) and reduced the wet/dry weight ratio. In histopathological examination of lung tissue, DB protected the lungs from pathological changes induced by OVA. Summary: These results indicate that ethanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus seeds decreased allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway. Potential implications: Our data suggests usefulness of Dolichos biflorus in prophylaxis and management of asthma
Studies on phytochemical and antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts of Grewia orientalis leaves
No full textThree solvent extracts (methanol, ethanol and acetone) of Grewia orientalis leaves were screened for potential antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus substilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus thuringienis. The agar disk diffusion method using filter paper disks was used to study the antibacterial activity of Grewia orientalis leaf extracts against 6 microbial strains. All the three extracts did not exert any inhibitory action on Bacillus thuringienis. The highest antibacterial potentials were observed for the acetone extract, followed by methanol and ethanol extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were ranging from 50 to 250 μg/ml. The preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out for major phytochemical derivatives in Grewia orientalis
A Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Study of Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) G. S. Bunting
No full textEpipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) G.S. Bunting (Family Araceae) commonly known as Money plant is a vigorously growing liana. It is a common indoor plant generally used for ornamental purposes. It comprises numerous cultivars bearing leaves with white, yellow, or light green variegation. In the present study a pharmacognostic evaluation of the plant species was undertaken. In addition to the macroscopic and microscopic characterizations; evaluation of physicochemical characteristics; preliminary phytochemical parameters and HPTLC fingerprint analysis of the plant methanolic extracts has been carried out. The thin layer chromatographic analysis and the preliminary phytochemical studies of the hot and cold methanolic extracts of the leaves showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. These observations were further confirmed by HPTLC fingerprint analysis. The findings reported in this study can be said to be the first report on the pharmacognosy of E. aureum and will prove of immense use for the correct identification of the plant species which is of key importance in establishing pharmacopeial standards
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Pyrostegia venusta: a plant of Family Bignoniaceae
No full textWorldwide over 80% population have dependence on natural resources (esp. plants) for treatment of disease, either due to drug resistance diseases or side effects of synthetic drugs. Hence, in recent years, ethano-medicinal studies have been acknowledged to evaluate plants products in modern scientific lines of phytochemical analysis, pharmacological screening and clinical trials. This review provides information on the botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of one such important plant, Pyrostegia venusta. That has folkare tradition of medicinal use
Immunomodulation potential of Artemisia capillaris extract in rat splenocytes
No full textThe extract of Artemisia capillaris has been used as a traditional medicine for hepatitis or bilious disorder, and some recent studies have revealed its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiobesity, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effects of A. capillaris methanol extract on quiescent- and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated rat splenocytes. Proliferation of splenocytes was enhanced in response to the Con A mitogen but decreased significantly following A. capillaris extract treatment compared to that in the control and the Con A only treatment. A. capillaris extract at 10 µg/mL significantly reduced Con A-induced proliferation, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and proinflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Another proinflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), was not significantly altered by either Con A or A. capillaris extract treatments when compared with the control. iNOS expression was largely blocked, whereas COX-2 expression was significantly down-regulated by A. capillaris extract treatment. This study was carried out to investigate the potential immunomodulatory activities of A. capillaris extract in a Con A induced immune condition to explore its potential pharmacological activity