International Journal of Phytomedicine
Not a member yet
664 research outputs found
Sort by
Xanthium strumerium L.: An Ethnomedicinal and Phytochemical Review
No full textXanthium strumerium L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as “Cocklebur” is an annual herb of wastelands found in North America, Brazil, China, Malaysia and India. It has been traditionally used for its cooling, fattening, anthelmintic, digestive, and antipyretic activities. Different plant parts are predominantly used for curing malarial fever, asthma, rheumatism, leprosy, migraine, small pox and cancer. Leaves of the plant are used for the treatment of eczema, roots against high fever and fruits to treat conjunctivitis. It is also used to cure leucoderma, epilepsy, salivation, congestive heart diseases, nephritis, toxemia of pregnancy, hypertension, premenstrual tension and poisonous bites of insects. Seeds yields edible oil which is used in bladder infection. Based on ethnobotanical information it is found that plants used in folk medicine are rich in bioactive molecules. The review reveals that phytochemical constituents of wide variety have been isolated. Phytoconstituents like anthraquinone, cardenolide, leucoanthocyanin, simple phenolics (catechol) and triterpenoids were reported. Many phytocompounds like caffeic acid, isoxanthanol, xanthanol, xanthiazone, xanthanin, xanthatin etc. were isolated from the plant and proven to be biologically active. The need for review of the plant species was predominantly to answer the gaps between ethnomedicinal uses and phytochemical studies. Hence, the present review article explores the ethnomedicinal uses and phytochemistry of X. strumerium, which upon further research could lead to development of viable drugs for the treatment of variety of ailments. However, there is further need for toxicity and clinical trials on crude extract and isolated phytoconstituents which will help to commercialize
A new 4’,6-dihydroxy,4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-gentiobioside and 4’,6-dihydroxy,4 methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from methanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl leaves
Get PDFA new 4’,6-dihydroxy,4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-gentiobioside (1) was obtained from the leaves of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl along with known 4’,6-dihydroxy,4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-glucoside (2). Bioactivity assays indicated that compound (1) and (2) have antioxidant activity and enhancement on SR-B1 genes expression in vitro. Their structures compounds were established by the interpretation of their spectroscopic data and comparison with known compounds
Wound healing in diabetic rats: Comparative efficacy of topical Insulin, Jatyadi formulations and Silver sulphadiazine”
No full textTo compare the effect of topical insulin, silver sulfadiazine and two ayurvedic formulations (jatyadi-ghrita and jatyadi-tail) on excision wound in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 150mg/kg alloxan in wistar rats weighing 150-200gm.Study animals were divided into 6 groups of six rats each.Group I- Non Diabetic Control (no treatment), Group II - Diabetic Control (no treatment), Group III – Topical Insulin, Group IV – Silver Sulpfadaizine, Group - V Jatyadi-tail and Group VI- Jatyadi-Ghrita.An excision wound was inflicted in all rats by cutting full thickness of a pre-determined area (1 X 1 cm) on the depilated back of the rat under ether anesthesia. Drug treatment was given topically once daily. The healing was assessed by parameters like epithelialization period and wound contraction. The results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test by SPSS Software Version 20. Epithelization was delayed in diabetic control animals(18 days) in comparison to non diabetic control animals(12 days) and was hastened in all drug treated groups (insulin-8 days; silver sulfadiazine-10 days; jatyadi tail-11days and jatyadi ghrita-15 days) in comparison to diabetic control animals. There was significant improvement in wound contraction in Groups III-V (p<0.05from day 8 onwards) as compared to diabetic control group. Topical insulin has comparable wound healing efficacy to silver sulfadiazine in alloxan induced diabetic rats.Jatyadi tail also has shown very promising results in this model
Spermadictyon suaveolens: A potential natural antimicrobial and antioxidant source
No full textThe present work is an effort to discover ethnopharmacological effects, such as anti-microbial, MIC, antioxidant assay, viz; total antioxidant, total phenolic contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH analysis. The crude extracts of bark and leaves of plant Spermadictyon suaveolens Roxb. was obtained in polar and nonpolar solvents viz; petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and distilled water. The physical and chemical properties of plant extracts were determined like colour, texture, chemical nature and percentage yield. S. suaveolens bark extract in water exposed maximum yield, i.e. 2.3% The pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains used were including two gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), three gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three fungal strains(Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Fusarium solani). Maximum zone of inhibition of S. suaveolens was leaf methanolic extract against S. aureus, i.e. 32±9.60mm whereas petroleum ether extract of leaf displayed maximum zone against F. solani, 29±0.72mm. Methanolic extract of leaf of Spermadictyon suaveolens showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against gram positive S. aureus 0.03±0.0.01 at 0.9g/mL. Maximum percentage scavenging by DPPH assay was shown by the bark methanolic extract of S. suaveolens showed 78.317% at 500µg/mL.IC50 values methanolic extract of bark of S. suaveolens25.81µg/mL. Highest antioxidant activity was displayed by methanol extract of bark of S. suaveolens, i.e0.896±0.13. Leaf chloroform extract of S. suaveolens showed maximum FRAP value, i.e. 211µg/mL
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. Ex. Naudin Fruit Extracts against Salmonella gallinarum
No full textThe fruit of Cucumis metuliferus was collected at Vom, Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, this was cleaned, sliced, air dried, pulverised and cold extracted with solvents of different polarities. The (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water) extracts of C. metuliferus were tested for in vitro antimicrobial assay against Salmonella gallinarum at varying concentrations, 200 mg/ml to 1000 mg/ml using the disc diffusion method. There was no zone of inhibition by the n-hexane and chloroform extracts at 1000 mg/ml, it was resistant. The methanol extract showed zones of inhibition of 8.33 ± 0.52, 9.67 ± 0.52, 11.67 ± 1.03, 13.67 ± 0.52 and 14.67 ± 0.52 mm at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/ml respectively. The water extract showed zones of inhibition of 7.50 ± 0.55, 8.50 ± 0.55 and 9.67 ± 0.52 mm at 600, 800 and 1000 mg/ml respectively. The zones of inhibition for the standard antibiotics ciprofloxacin 5 µg, chloramphenicol 10 µg and augmentin® 30 µg was 19.33 ± 1.03, 10.66 ± 0.52, 7.33 ±0.52, mm respectively, while tetracycline 30 µg, erythromycin 5 µg, ceftazidime 30 µg and oxacillin 1µg were resistant. The MIC and MBC of 50 mg/ml was recorded for the methanol extract. This study therefore showed that the fruit extracts of Cucumis metuliferus has antimicrobial activity and may probably provide the basis for its use in traditional medicine
Toxic Effects of Sapium indicum (Willd.) Fruits on Animal Model
No full textThe present study deals with toxic effects of petroleum ether (40°-60°C) and water-soluble alcoholic extracts of the fruits of Sapium indicum (Willd.) on laboratory animal model. The petroleum ether (40°-60°C) extract administered through intravenous route in mice, and through oral routes in rats exhibited toxic effects. The 24-hr LD50 value of the extract was found as 816.58 µg.kg-1 and 208.93 mg.kg-1 body weight in mice and rats, respectively. On the other hand, the experimental rats treated orally with the water-soluble alcoholic extract exhibited no mortality. The results revealed that the petroleum ether (40°-60°C) extract of the fruit is more toxic than organochlorine compounds having a prospect of using it as an alternative source of bio-pesticides
Phyto, Physicochemical Standardization and TLC fingerprinting of Medicinal Plant Couroupita guianensis
No full textThe aim of the study is to cover the pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of Couroupita guianensis. Couroupita guianensis belonging to the family Lecythidaceae, a widely grown plant throughout India. The plant has many valuable medicinal properties. The plant was collected from the local regions and was authenticated by the botanist. Pharmacognostical study included macroscopical characters, microscopical characters, physico-chemical constants and fluorescence analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening includes phytochemical extraction, phytochemical testing and thin layer chromatography (TLC). While performing the successive solvent extraction, the maximum extractive value of 8.2% was seen in methanol extract. Preliminary phytochemical studies show the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, proteins and amino acids. Performing TLC of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts using different solvent system, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids were identified. The study helps in the correct identification of the herb. The presence of alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids explains that the plant must have valuable medicinal properties which must be explored
Assessment of the nutritional qualities of ten botanicals used in pregnancy and child delivery in Ibadan, Nigeria
No full textTen botanicals used in pregnancy and child delivery by traditional maternity experts in Ibadan were analysed for their nutrient and phytochemical constituents to provide scientific insight into their therapeutic uses. The nutrient and phytochemical analyses of powdered plant samples were done using standard methods. The plants contained phosphorus, calcium, iron, manganese, magnesium and zinc in varied quantity. Eleusine indica (165.0mg/100g) was highest in calcium content and Croton zambesicus (40.0mg/100g) had the least. Iron content was 9.7mg/100g in E. indica and Uraria picta had 2.7mg/100g. The protein content of plant samples varied between 13.95% and 18.30%, the highest (18.30%) being in Phyllantus niruri and Clerodendrum volubile (13.95%) the least. The carbohydrate value ranged between 45.75% (U. picta) and 52.60% (C. volubile). Crude fibre was 17.80% in Xylopia aethiopica and C. volubile contained 13.50%. All plants contained alkaloids, cerotenoids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The plants have significant nutritional properties in addition to phytochemical constituents. The nutrients could support the increased energy and nutritional requirements in pregnancy, prevent malnutrition and supplement the phytochemicals in therapeutic activities. Toxicological studies of the plants would confirm their safety in administration
Antimicrobial efficacy of potential plants used in the indigenous preparation of traditional rice beverage “Handia”
No full textThe context andpurpose of the study: To explore the available plants usedfor starter preparation of Handia, their ethnomedicinal uses and to screenphytochemical constituents for antibacterial activity against enteric pathogens.The main findings:Semi-structured interview was carried out with 24 informants (mean age 46,male) from 24 locations. Qualitative phytochemicalanalysis, agar cup assay, micro-dilution method for MIC and MBC were followed tostudy antibacterial properties against eight enteric pathogens. Ethanol extracts of the plants contain abundant alkaloids,flavonoids, carbohydrate, protein and amino acids, saponins, tannin and phenolic compounds. With theexception of Aspargus racemosus (root), Cissampelos pareira (leaf), Dioscorea sp. (tuber), Rauwolfia serpentina (leaf) extracts, all otherplants exhibited antibacterial activity by agar cup method. The zone ofinhibition was found maximum against Staphylococcusaureus followed by Shigella sonnei and S. flexneri. The MIC result ranged from 125 to 1000 µg/ml (w/v) with the lowestagainst S. aureus (125, 156, 250µg/ml) followed by S. sonnei (156,250, 312, 500, 625 µg/ml). MBC test validate that in between 1000-2500 µg/ml(w/v) concentrations, most of test bacteria were killed due to broad spectrumactivity. Brief summary andpotential implications: The study establishes thatthe traditional knowledge of Handia preparation using different plant parts will be a useful leadfor phytochemist and pharmacologists for further study
Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in anthelmintic ethnoveterinary plants used among Fulani and Mosse, Central Burkina Faso
No full textHelminthic diseases are the leading cause of loss of animals in the Sahel region of Western Africa. Poverty, combined with the poor development of modern veterinary services, forces small farmers to use herbals to treat their livestock. A previous ethnoveterinary survey, carried out in the region of Saba in Burkina Faso, indicates a frequent use of the leaves ofAcaciamacrostachyaDC.(Leguminosae), CombretumglutinosumPerr.ex DC. (Combretaceae) and Mitragynainermis (Willd.)Kuntze to treat helminthic diseases. Phytochemical screening has allowed us to characterize sterols, triterpens, flavonoids and tannins as the main phytochemical classesof these 3 species; phenolic compounds range from 2.5 to 8 % and a series of bioactive polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, gallic acid) have been identified by thin-layer chromatography. The obtained results indicate the richness of these herbs in phenolic compounds. The biological activity, toxicology and phytochemistry of the 3 species warrant further investigation to justify their ethnoveterinary uses