International Journal of Phytomedicine
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The effect of Cyclamen coum extract on pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
No full textResearches have shown that some plants possess antimicrobial activity and the ability to overcome drug-resistant pathogens. Their frequent used in treatment of microbial infections has been led to isolation of the active compounds and evaluation of their antimicrobial properties. Cyclamen coum Miller is one of these plants with a secondary metabolite called saponin which has antimicrobial activity. Pyocyanin is one of the virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, causing lung diseases. The present study indicates the effect of cyclamen saponin extracts on pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa. We prepared three different types of plant extracts (ethanolic, aqueous and butanolic) from tuber of C. coum. The effect of 0, 10 and 20 mg of cyclamen saponin were tested by agar disk diffusion technique. Pyocyanin purification was done from microbial broth culture and the extracted pyocyanin was measured by spectrophotometric method. Results showed that the production of pyocyanin was remarkably reduced by ethanolic extract of saponin. In addition increased saponin concentration led to further decrease in pyocyanin content
Anticonvulsant activity of leaf extracts of Martynia annua linn in experimental rats
No full textMartynia annua Linn (Martyniaceae) is a medicinal herb used for the treatment of epilepsy in the traditional health care system of Uttarakhand (India). The present study reports the anticonvulsant activities in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Martynia annua Linn on the rats, induced both chemically and electrically. The models chosen for the activity were Maximal Electroshock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in rats. The test dose studied were 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Martynia annua. Acute toxicity studies of the extract shows that the extract was non toxic up to the recommended dose 2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guideline no 423. In PTZ induced seizures, onset of clonic convulsions were studied while in MES model reduction in mean duration of extensor phase was noted. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed anticonvulsant activities against MES and PTZ animal models
Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of fresh plant extract of Indian folk medicinal plant, Gnaphalium polycaulon
No full textNature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years. Plants produce a diverse array of bioactive molecules, making them a rich source of diverse type of medicines. Thus, natural products with pharmacological or biological activities still play a very important role in medicine. The objective of the present study deals with the exploration of specific species of medicinal plants found in Western Ghats, India and was to investigate the presence of phytochemicals constituents and to determine antimicrobial analysis of the Gnaphalium polycaulon in hexane solvents. Fresh G. polycaulon was air dried and coarsely powdered. Then all the extracts obtained were subjected for phytochemical screening using standard procedure. Bacterial and fungal cultures were used for screening antimicrobial study by agar well diffusion method. It reported the presence of major phytochemicals in all solvent extracts. The phytochemical of the plant extract showed that the leaf and stem were rich in major phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, than flower extract. The resource base of the traditional folk medical practices is more prevalent in rural and tribal villages of India. Our findings provided evidence that crude hexane extracts of selected plants contain medicinally important bioactive compounds and their use in the traditional folk medicines practices
In vitro culture of the moss Hyophilla nymaniana (Fleish.) Menzel and its phytochemical screening
No full textBryophytes are the second largest group of land plants after angiosperm and are considered as a remarkable reservoir of many new, natural products or secondary metabolites, which have shown interesting biological activity. The full economical potential of bryophytes is not completely explored. The present study aims to establish an efficient protocol for in vitro culture of one of the species of moss Hyophilla nymaniana (Fleish.) Menzel and to perform phytochemical screening of this moss. Media content as well as light and temperature were varied to get the optimum condition for spore germination. Maximum number of spore germinated in 1/4 strength MS containing 1.5% sucrose and 2% of NaOCl was found to be the best for surface disinfection of sporophyte. Temperature range of 22±1 ͦC and pH 6 along with light intensity of 2000-4000 lux with alternate day and night condition of (16/8 hours) was found suitable for the growth of the plant. For phyotochemical screening the methanolic ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract of the moss prepared. Ethanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids
Antiobesity activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Enicostemma littorale in high fat diet induced obese rats
No full textObesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, attention is being focused on the investigation of plant-based drugs used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of obesity. The presents work evaluates the anti-lipase and antiobesity activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Enicostemma littorale (ElEe & ElAe) (Genitanaceae) (Synonym – Enicostemma axillare) in HFD induced obesity in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into different group’s i.e. Normal control, HFD control, Orlistat (lipase inhibitor), ElEe & ElAe at doses of 200, 400, 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o. Treatment was started after 6 weeks upto 12 weeks alongwith HFD (except normal control). Oxidative stress was measured by measuring MDA, SOD and GSH level. Obesity was assessed by measuring morphological parameters, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL level. ElEe & ElAe at 200, 400, 250 and 500 mg/kg/orally significantly attenuated morphological parameters i.e. weight gain, BMI, WHR, obesity index and adiposity index respectively as compare to HFD control group. Similarly, serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and oxidative stress were found to be attenuated as compare to HFD control group. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Enicostemma littorale exhibit significant anti-lipase and antiobesity activity in high fat diet induced obesity in rats
Chemopreventive effects of pomegranate fruit extract on acrylamide induced lung, liver and testis carcinogenesis in male laka mice
No full textObjective: The present study was aimed to test the efficacy of pomegranate fruit extract to induce apoptosis in the artificially induced tumor cells in mice. Method: Adult male LAKA-UK mice (30-40g) were divided into four groups, viz. control, AA, PFE and PFE+AA. Induction of carcinogenesis by intra -peritoneal administration of acrylamide was preceded by PFE treatment in PFE+AA group. At the end of study animals were sacrificed by decapitation under deep anesthesia and organs (lung, liver and testes) were resected to evaluate activities of various enzymes such as CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH and GST in different experimental groups. MTT assay and histological examination of lung and liver sections were also conducted. Result: Administration of acrylamide resulted in the increase SOD, GPx and GSH activities, which decreased significantly (p<0.05) in PFE+AA group. The MTT assay showed high cell proliferation in the AA group of mice which lessened in treatment groups. Similarly the histological examinations exhibited alveolar wall destruction and air space enlargement in pulmonary tissues and larger vacuolization in the hepatic tissues due to acrylamide administration, whereas in PFE+AA cells it was found to be normal. Conclusion: Pomegranate fruit extract was observed to be a potential treatment intervention that not only prevents the onset and progress of carcinogenesis but also helps in the initiation of apoptosis and refurbishment of the damaged cellular architecture
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy, Antioxidant Potential of Silver nanoparticle using Myrica nagi leaf extract
No full textIn the present work, we report an environment friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Myrica nagi leaves. This endangered tree with wide medicinal applications has rich amount of anti-oxidants along with other classes of chemicals. Various therapeutic compounds such as myricanol, myricanone, myricetrin, sitosterol, taraxerol are isolated from the various parts of the plant. In this process, reduction of Silver ions to silver nanoparticles was achieved by a bioactive compound from Myrica Nagi plant. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and FTIR. The formation, stability and particle size of Ag nanoparticles was characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Dynamic Light Scattering. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph shows a uniform distribution of the particles with an average size of 50-60nm. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phenolic functional groups. Further, the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles shows that these nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors against E. coli, S.aureus and S. pyogenes with zone of inhibition of 1.2, 1.3 and 0.8 cm respectively. The synthesized silver nanoparticle have a potential application in targeted drug delivery, wound healing and other medical applications. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs imparted by plant components was evaluated using DPPH assay and found to be comparable to standard ascorbic acid
Indigenous ethnobotanical remedies practiced to cure feminine diseases in tribal communities of kashmir himalayas
No full textWomen’s reproductive cycles are very clinical and complex, having unwanted medical conditions. Himalayan Women have been trying to enhance their fertility and regulate their reproductive cycles throughout the history by practicing ethnomedicinal remedies, as they are reluctant to expose their feminine problems to doctors due to psychological, social and religious barriers. Present study reveals the ethnomedicinal recipes practiced by mountain women in Kashmir Himalayas for feminine diseases. Data was acquired by planned biological inventories, exclusive interviews and direct observations in the field. A total of 36 plants belonging to 27 families were recorded being practiced for feminine diseases in 43 different recipes. Major feminine diseases treated by ethnomedicine were menstrual disorders (32%); birth pain and bleeding (16%); Contraception and abortion (16%); enhancing fertility (9%), Sexual potency (9%) and Lactation (7%). Major plant parts utilized in recipes were roots (32%), whole plant (16%), leaves (16%), Seeds (9%), latex (7%) and fruit (7%). Decoctions (41%), raw plant parts (24%) and extracts (13%) were prevalent modes of ethnomedicinal remedies. 79.6% respondents were effectively involved in ethnomedicinal practices to treat feminine diseases. An increasing trend towards modern medical treatment was observed in younger generation correlated with higher education level. Paper discuses the ethnomedicinal treatment of feminine diseases in qualitative as well as quantitative methodology and elaborates how the local folklore can be used at regional levels to add new cures in feminine pharmacopeia
Evaluation of anti-microbial potential of some medicinal plants
No full textThe ethanolic extracts of the eight medicinal plants were tested to determine antibacterial activities against fourteen gram positive and twenty two gram negative bacteria. Five out of eight extracts revealed prominent antibacterial activity. Ampicillin was used as a standard for anti-bacterial activity. The significant zone of inhibition was exhibited by Digitalis purpurae (23±2) against Corynebacterium hofmanii. Sambucus nigra and Urtica urens exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (12 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus fecalis. Saprophytes, dermatophytes and yeasts were used to screen antifungal activities of these selected medicinal plants. Griseofulvin was used as a standard anti-fungal drug. Four out of eight of the tested plant extracts had significant antifungal activity. Urtica uren produced the most significant zone of inhibition (32±1) against Rhizopus specie. Whereas the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration was exhibited by Urtica urens (20mg/ml) against Aspergillus flavus. The above results justify the use of medicinal plants and its extracts in the formulation of anti-microbial medicaments
Effect of Phyllanthus polyphyllus extract on DNA binding studies
No full textPhyllanthus polyphyllus has demonstrated potent in vitro anticancer activity against various tumor cell lines. For a better understanding of the mechanism of action, binding studies of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus polyphyllus (PP) with Calf Thymus (CT) DNA were studied using absorption spectroscopy, viscometry and cyclic voltammetry. PP displayed binding properties to the CT-DNA and was found to interact with CT-DNA through intercalation, as demonstrated by a hypochromic effect and blue-shift in the UV spectra. An increase in the viscosity of CT-DNA was observed. The changes in the current and potential in cyclic voltammetric experiments demonstrate intercalative interaction between the PP and the CT-DNA