International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Antiepileptic Activity of Unmadgajakesari – A Herbomineral Formulation: An Experimental Evaluation
No full textEpilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodes of recurrent unprovoked seizures Unmadgajakesari(UGK) is a herbomineral formulation claimed to be useful in epilepsy in traditional medicine. Lack of scientific evidence of UGK for its use in epilepsy lead to the objective of the present work. To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of Unmadgajakesari in animal models After doing the acute toxicity study of UGK, it was evaluated for its antiepileptic activity in Maximal Electroshock(MES) and Pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) induced seizures models in albino wistar rats. For each study animals were divided into 6 groups, each group comprising of 6 animals . Group I –Normal control, Group II-Vehicle control(ghrita), Group III- Drug control(positive control). In test groups(IV-VI) UGK was administered in doses of 70, 140 and 280mg/kg orally for 8days. Antiepileptic activity was evaluated on day 1and 8. UGK was found to be nontoxic upto dose of 2000mg/kg. Significant antiepileptic activity was observed in both the groups on 8th day of UGK administration. In the MES model, significant abolition of tonic hind limb extension was observed in dose of 280mg/kg. In PTZ model, UGK was most effective in the dose of 70mg/kg in delaying the onset and reducing the severity of clonic convulsions. No adverse effects or mortality was seen in this study. UGK appears to have significant antiepileptic activity after repeated administration. With wide spectrum of action, this drug may be useful addition to antiepileptic agents
Anti-diabetic potentials of Clerodendrum inerme, Jasminum mesyni Hance and Callistemon citrinus on nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats
No full textTo investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Clerodendrum inerme, Jasminum mesyni Hance and Callistemon citrinus on nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats The comparative antidiabetic activity was conducted in NAD+STZ wistar rats of either sex. The leaves extracts of C. inerme, J. mesyni Hance and C. citrinus were administered at a dose of 400 and 600mg/kg p.o. for 4 Weeks and observed for antidiabetic study. During 28 days of treatment, rats were observed weekly for hypoglycaemic activity. The glucose level of all groups were determined after 0, 7, 14, 21 days. The blood samples for glucose estimation were withdrawn by retro-orbital plexus puncture method for antidiabetic activity. All the plant extracts lowered the blood glucose level after 21 days significantly with respect to the diabetic control. However, only ethanolic extract of C. inerme at 400mg/kg p.o. exhibited maximum reduction of blood glucose level as compared to the J. mesyni Hance and C. citrinus. The results demonstrated that C. inerme has potent antidiabetic effect as compared to extracts of another two plants
Antimicrobial Activity of Piper aduncum subsp ossanum Essential Oil
No full textPlants are an important source for new antimicrobials. Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) is a medicinal plant use traditionally in South America and The Caribbean Basin. In Cuba, P. aduncum subsp. ossanum (C.CD.) Saralegui has ethnomedical reports as haemostatic, diuretic and, in urinary infection and skin infection. Ethanolic extract and essential oil obtained from this subspecie was tested by agar disc diffusion method against four strains of Escherichia coli (two uropathogenic clinical isolated), Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In all microorganisms a moderate or poor antimicrobial effect was exerted; but some activity was found against resistant sulfametoxazol or vancomicine E. coli strains. S. aureus and C. albicans were noted as the most sensitive microorganisms. Monoterpene camphor, present in the essential oil as main compounds could be responsible of the activity. These findings may support traditional use of this subspecie as antiseptic in Cuba
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of Spathodeacampunalata Stem extracts.
No full textSpathodeacampunalata is African tulip tree, known for its medicinal properties, in the present study three extracts of stem Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts were evaluated for phenolic content, flavanoid content, total antioxidant capacity by Folin Ciocalteu method ,Colorimetric method, phosphomolybdenum assay respectively.Iinvitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and by lipid peroxidation method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay protocol against eight bacterial reference strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6380), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 25241), Salmonella paratyphi (ATCC 9150), Shigella sonnei (ATCC 25931) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 27736). Plant sources showing antioxidant activities which is safe has become growing interest across the world thus the above experiment was performed to screen the presence of phytochemicals, estimation of polyphenols, flavonoids, and their ability to show the effects of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities was investigated. Results revealed the presence of phytoconstituents, with relevant quantity of polyphenol and flavonoid content of the extracts was found to decrease in the order of Methanolic extract > ethanolic extract>aqueous extract whereas total antioxidant activity evaluated by phosphomolybdenum assay showed decrease in the order of aqueous extract>methanolic extract>ethanolic extract. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts exhibited better activity against eight bacterial strains used compared to the aqueous extract. Invitro antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH assay of the extracts showed concentration dependent percentage inhibition of different radicals and raised gradually to its maximum level with higher concentrations, in the lipid peroxidation, aqueous extracts shows less percentage inhibition as compared to methanolic and ethanolic extracts. Thus extract possesses significant antioxidant activity
Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of root and seed extracts of Achyranthes aspera
No full textAchyranthes aspera L., a common weed belonging to Amaranthaceae family, possessing many Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Homeopathic, Siddha, Naturopathic, medicinal propertiesis widely distributed throughout the tropical world. The objective of the present study is to extract and quantify the polyphenols and flavonoids besides evaluating their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against eight bacterial reference strains;Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6380), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 25241), Salmonella paratyphi (ATCC 9150), Shigella sonnei (ATCC 25931) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 27736). The polyphenols and flavanoids of the extracts from both the tissues were quantified separately by Folin-Ciocalteu and Colorimetric methods respectively. The total content of antioxidants of these extracts was assessed separately by the method of Phospho-molybdenum assay, while the antioxidant activity of these extracts was evaluated by a) 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) and b) lipid peroxidation methods. Further, the antibacterial activity of these extracts was evaluated separately by using agar well diffusion assay against the above mentioned eight bacterial reference strains. All the extracts showed the presence of phytochemicals; tannins, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of the extracts was found to decrease in the order of seed ethanol > root ethanol>seed aqueous>root aqueous whereas the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was found to decrease in the order of seed ethanol > root ethanol>seed aqueous>root aqueous. The seed ethanol and root ethanol high DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation activity compared to seed and root aqueous. The result of this study proves that extracts are good source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents to use them as a broad spectrum of investigation in medicines
Comparative evaluation of Baccharis trimera, Pimpinella anisum and statin on the biochemical profile of Wistar rats
No full textMany are the plants for therapeutic purposes. Baccharis trimera is known to treat rheumatism, diabetes, and liver disorders. Pimpinella asinum is known to control colds, cough, bronchitis, fever, cramps and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of B. trimera and P. anisum and compare with statin effects on plasma lipids of Wistar rats. Sixty Animals were divided in control group (CG) and G2 (treated with anise), G3 (B. trimera) and G4 (simvastatin). Plants and statin were administrated by intra-gastric route twice a day for 30 days. No modifications in glycaemia were observed in the experimental groups. Reductions were observed in cholesterol levels in treated groups. For LDL-c levels, significant differences were observed in G2 and G4. G3 showed significant reduction in the triglycerides levels and no significant differences were observed in the glycaemia in the studied groups. Increased levels of HDL-c were presented by the groups treated with the plants. The group treated with B. trimera showed significant reduction in triglycerides when compared to the control group. The use of the plants also shows Atherogenic Index lower than control group and the one treated with simvastatin. Our results suggest that the plants used in this work have similar or better effects in the lipid profile of Wistar rats when compared to the use of statin
Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Paris polyphylla extract in Rats
No full textParis polyphylla Smith is regarded as “Wonder Herb” due to its vast therapeutic applications ranging from diarrhea to cancer. The cytotoxic effect of the rhizome extract on the healthy rats was monitored over a period of time. The extract proved non cytotoxic as animals gained weight and no signs of mortality, ill health or overt toxicity were observed. A brief period of dullness indicates a possible role of the extract in neuro-suppression. The cutoff median lethal dose (LD50) of extract after single oral administration to female rats, observed over a period of 14 days is found to be greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight. Thus it can be used in the treatment of neurological disorders associated with hyper active neurons. Moreover as the extract is cytotoxic to cancerous cells only it would prove good target for future studies on anti cancer drugs. The results of this study collectively specify that oral administration of Paris polyphylla is not connected with any toxicologically significant effects and the data could provide satisfactory preclinical evidence of safety to launch a clinical trial on a standardized formulation of the plant extracts
Effect of Momordica charantia Linn. leaf and fruit juice on fertility in male mice
No full textFertility effect of Momordica charantia Linn. leaf and fruit juice at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/ 100 gBW were evaluated by determining blood prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) levels, and sperm quality in male mice after 21 days of oral administration. The increase in PRL and decrease in T levels were found to be dose dependent in both treatments. Meanwhile, the sperm quality impairment was found in group receiving fruit juice was more severe than that of groups receiving leaf juice. Interestingly, the potency of testicular dysfunction was related to the degree of alteration of reproductive hormones. In conclusion, M. charantia leaf and fruit juice may cause testicular dysfunction, which indirectly affects pituitary PRL synthesis and consequently impaired testicular T synthesis. The use of M. charatia products at high dose in traditional medicine should include a caution about this adverse effect, especially in long term treatment
Fatty acids Profile, Nutritional Values, Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Activity of the Fixed Oil of Malva parviflora Growing in Egypt
No full textIn the current study, the fixed oil obtained from Malva parviflora seeds was tested for its physicochemical properties, fatty acids composition and nutritional value. The oil yield from the seed was 3.3%. The fatty acid composition was represented by 9 compounds, among which coriolic acid was the major fatty acid (31.60%), followed by pentadecanoic acid (30.05%). The antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Malva parviflora seeds fixed oil (MPO) were also assessed. Diabetic rats were induced by injection of STZ (55mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 48h after induction, and then allowed for 7 days to stabilize blood glucose level. MPO (1/100 LD50; 157mg/kg.b.w. and 1/50 LD50; 314mg/kg.b.w) was administered daily for 28 days. Treated diabetic rats significantly reduced elevated blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, hepatic and renal TBARs and HP levels. The treatment also resulted in improved plasma insulin, HDL-C and GSH, SOD and CAT levels. These results clearly suggest that MPO may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced diabetes as well as exert rapid protective effects against lipid peroxidation and ultimately reduce the risk of liver and renal complications
In-vitro antioxidant activity of Cycas beddomei
No full textThe current study was to investigate antioxidant activity of methanol extract of whole plant of Cycas beddomei was administrated by utterly diverse models like DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion assay, nitric oxide radical inhibition assay, thiocyanate methodology, lipid peroxidation assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Methanol extract of Cycas beddomei showed effective antioxidant activity compared to straightforward antioxidants like ascorbic acid, rutin, curcumin, fat-soluble vitamin (Vitamin E) and α-tocopherol. The antioxidant activity depends upon the concentration and it had been increased with escalating the concentration of extract. The antioxidant activity could also be endorsed to the occurrence of phenolic and flavonoids compounds gift within the methanol extract. The results obtained within the present study point out that the methanol extract of whole plant of Cycas beddomei area unit a possible supply of natural antioxidant