International Journal of Phytomedicine
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In vivo neurological assessment of sedative hypnotic effect of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds in mice.
Get PDFEthnopharmacological relevance: seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. have been used in the traditional medicine to relieve stress and other neurological disease conditions. Aim of the study: The present study was under taken to evaluate the sedative hypnotic response of ethanolic extract of seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. (CSEE) in mice. Materials and methods: seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. Ethanolic extract was screened for sedative hypnotic response by using potentiation of Pentobarbital sleeping time at doses of 100mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Saline and Pentobarbital sodium were employed as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Results: Ethanol extract increases Pentobarbital sodium induced sleeping time at dose of 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg by 106 %, 111 % and 114% respectively as compared to negative control group and by 06 %, 11% & 14% respectively as compared to positive control group Conclusion: from present study finding it is found that seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. potentiate the sedative hypnotic efficacy in mice
Antibacterial activity of herbal preparation –Agnijith
Get PDF“Agnijith” a herbal preparation was evaluated against fifteen different microorganisms at different concentrations 120mg, 130mg, 150mg, 170mg and 190mg/100mg. Chloromphenicol was used as control. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. “Agnijith” was found to be more potent in inhibiting the microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas flourescence, Proteus mirabilis and Shigella dysentriae, whereas no inhibition zone was found against Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus pyrogens, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella typhimurium by well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition ranges from 12mm to 25mm. Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas flourescence, Shigella dysentriae were found to be sensitive at various concentrations by minimum inhibitory concentration method. The results clearly demonstrates that the “Agnijith” to be an effective antibacterial agent and could be used to treat diseases caused by microorganisms
In vitro evaluation of α-amylase inhibitory activity of some medicinal plants used in treatment of diabetes mellitus in Algeria and their effect on postprandial hyperglycemia in normal rats
No full textPostprandial hyperglycemia is an early defect of type 2 diabetes, it is responsible of secondary complication which can affect many organs: heart, kidney, nervous system, and impaired their function. In this type of diabetes mellitus, the inhibition of digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidases) is a useful treatment to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study we investigate in vitro, the α-amylase inhibitory potential of aqueous extract of leaves or roots of five selected plants recommended to treat diabetes in traditional Algerian medicine. They are also tested for their effect on reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia induced by starch loading in normal rats. The plant extracts showed a variable degree of inhibition of α-amylase. The most active sample is the aqueous extract of Phylleria angustofolia (PaE) with an IC50=0.61mg/ml followed by extract of Olea europea (OeE), Juniperus oxydrus (JoE), Olea europea var. Sylvestris (OsE) and Salvia officinalis (SoE). Acarbose (Acb), a standard inhibitor, exhibited an IC50 value of 0.07mg/ml. In an animal study, two plant extracts and acarbose exhibited an anti-hyperglycemic activity: SoE and PaE suppress significantly postprandial hyperglycemia response induced by starch loading in rats, as shown by the significant attenuation of the value of AUC0-180min by 60٪ (p<0.05) for PaE, 48٪ (p<0.05) for SoE and34٪ (p<0.05) for Ac, compared to control group. These findings suggest that among the five medicinal plants studied, Phylleria angustifolia and Salvia officinalis exert their antidiabetic effect by inhibition the digestion of complex carbohydrates, retarding glucose absorption and hence suppress postprandial hyperglycemia
Antioxidative and antidiabetic effects of naringin and curcumin in vitro and in vivo
No full textThe aim of the present study was to assess whether naringin or curcumin can influence oxidative stress induced DNA damage in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. Naringin or curcumin preparations (50 mg kg-1) were given intraperitoneally for 7 days. The antioxidant capacity of curcumin and naringin in vitro was evaluated using three assays which cover different aspects of antioxidant activity. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of naringin and curcumin in vivo we observed changes in body weight and survival of diabetic mice and used the comet and micronucleus assays. In vitro curcumin showed appreciable antioxidant properties, while naringin was much less effective. Naringin or curcumin administration to diabetic mice resulted in decreased DNA damage in lymphocytes and increased level of DNA damage in liver, kidney and reticulocytes. Administration of naringin and curcumin resulted in significant increase of the body weight and 100% survival of mice. Results suggests that antioxidant activity of naringin and curcumin leads to long time survival of diabetic mice and possible prevention of further oxidative damage, so they could be candidates for antidiabetic agent, but the precise targets of naringin and curcumin in diabetic mice are still to be clarified
Prevalence of HCV among Drug Addicts in Lahore and its Peripheries
No full textHCV continues to be a major health threat globally; approximately 130 million people are infected around the world. The aim of the study was to describe the HCV prevalence in drug addicts the most deprived, isolated and most of the times poor part of our community. This was a cross sectional study focusing the drug addicts under treatment in rehabilitation centers. A total of 92 drug addicts were recruited from four different centers at Lahore including Silverlining Lahore, Silverlining Sheikhupura, Roshan Mustaqbil Lahore and Panah Lahore. All the subjects were tested for HCV RNA PCR, SGPT and SGOT. Out of 92 subjects 23 (25%) were HCV positive and remaining 69 (75%) were HCV negative concluding the drug addicts a higher risk group. Among the HCV positive IDU`s showed a greater percentage 78% (18) and non-IDU`s only 22% (05) proving the injection users the highest risk group. The HCV positive drug users also turned up with a much high SGPT and SGOT levels with a mean of 92 U/L and 72 U/L respectively as compared to that of HCV negative subjects which were 23 U/L and 27 U/L respectively. Drug addicts and specially IDU`s are the highest risk group for developing the HCV infection as concluded by the study and their massive awareness, focus on HCV treatment and also to check the other blood borne diseases are major suggestions advised by the research
Effect of ethanol extracts from Shorea robusta (Dipterocapaceae) bark in paracetamol induced liver damage in rats
No full textThe Hepato protective Activity of the ethanol extract of Shorea robusta was investigated against paracetamol induced hepatic damage. Paracetamol at the dose of 3gm/ kg produced liver damages in rats manifested by the significant (p<0.0005) rise in the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, (159.3 ± 3.637; 143.1 ± 1.215; 347.6 ±15.42) compare to with respective control values (51.85 ± 1.527; 26.65 ± 1.095; 84 ± 9.824) respectively. Pre-treatment of rats with the plant extracts 200mg /kg, 400mg/kg and standard (Silymarin 50 mg/ kg) lowered significantly (p<0005) respective serum (SGOT to 92.06±2.473 & 73.97 ±; SGPT to 64.12 ± 2.27 & 45.22 ± 0; ALP to 7814; 195.8 ±13.22 & 168.00±10.16) respectively. It also shows in the reduction of cholesterol and total bilirubin respect to the paracetamol toxicity. In case of total protein paracetamol treated group decrease the total protein content, pre treatment with the plant extracts and silymarine there is an elevation of total protein contents. Histopathology of the liver cell shows less damages in the hepatic cell compare to the paracetamol treated group. On the basis of the investigation we may partially conclude that S.robusta can use to damage hepatic cell injury
Preliminary phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Artocarpus hirsutus leaves.
No full textThe objective of the present work was investigating the preliminary phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of the leaves of Artocarpus hirsutus. Group I served as vehicle control, Group II served CCL4 (2ml/kg, s.c.), Group III served as standard Silymarin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) Group IV and V served as methanolic extracts of Artocarpus hirsutus (MEAH) at the dose level (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). The degree of protection was determined by measuring level biochemical marker like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and Cholesterol. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to find out the phytoconstituents responsible for the activity. The marker biochemical level such as ALT, AST, ALP, Direct bilirubin, Total bilirubin and Cholesterol were significantly raised in CCL4 treated rats when compared with the normal group (p<0.05), but the MEAH (500 mg/kg, bw) treated rats exhibited maximum depletion. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, Tannins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates and steroids. The results of in vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that the methanol extract of Artocarpus hirsutus exhibit significant hepatoprotective activity. This might be due to flavonoids and tannins; which was confirmed their presence in phytochemical tests
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Ethnomedicinal Plant: (Aerial parts of Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.)
No full textCynodon dactylon (L) Pers. (Family: Poaceae) is known to be a sacred tackler in Indian Hindu mythology is offered to Lord Ganesha and one of the 10 auspicious herbs that constitute the group Dasapushpam in Ayurveda. It is an creeping, graceful, enduring grass, abundantly founding in India.The intention of the present study was to investigate the pharmacognostical, preliminary phytochemical studies and anti ulcer activity of n-hexene, chloroform, methanol extracts of cynodon dactylon in wistar albino rats. Pharmacognostical studies including morphology, microscopy, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, sulphated ash and loss on drying were determined. The preliminary phytochemical studies were performed to determine the various secondary metabolites. Carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids were detected. The cynodon dactylon extracts in dose of 200,400 mg/kg body weight (given orally) were investigated for its potential to protect gastric mucosa against indomethacin induced ulcer model. The common parameter like ulcer index, % protection were used for evaluation of anti ulcer activity.The significant anti ulcer activity was found at the dose of 400 mg/kg of methanolic extract. But 200 mg/kg dose was found to be potent comparable with standard drug Pantoprazole.This study provides scientific evidence that aerial portion of cynodon dactylon extracts have potential anti-ulcer effect which could be either cytoprotective action of the drug
Free radical scavenging activity of an aerial part of Aconitum heterophyllum (wall) from Kashmir Himalayas, India
No full textThe plant Aconitum heterophyllum native to Kashmir has been widely used as a traditional medicine to cure diseases associated inflammations, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and other ailments, microbial, bronchitis and joint pains since times. Keeping this in view the present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant potential and the phytoconstituents composition of the plant extract. Various compounds were detected in the preliminary screening of the leaf extract of the plant, among them were the dominance of alkaloids and flavanoids. Wide range of antioxidant activity was detected in the plant compared to the standard antioxidants
University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State - 506009, India
No full textIn the present investigation, diversity of orchids in Anamalai hill range was studied which recorded 20 genera with 25 species with their medicinal importance. The study observed the rapid depletion of orchid species due to destruction of natural habitat by deforestation, upper layer soil erosion, overgrazing, etc. Their disappearance indicates a change in the quality of soil and air of the region. Therefore, adequate management actions including both in situ and ex situ conservation measures need to be undertaken