International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Phytochemicals analysis, Phenolic & flavonoids content of Cordia macleodii Hook leaves & Bark
No full textCordia macleodii Hook (boraginaceae), a folklore medicinal plant, commonly known as "Shikari" in local language and found in Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. In this study, total phenolic content and concentration of flavonoids of two different extracts, from the ethanolic extract of Cordia macleodii (Boraginaceae) were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The total phenolic content ranged from 0.65±0.05 & 1.65±0.12 mg/g of dry weight of leaves & bark extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoids concentrations varied from 0.985±0.09 & 1.89±0.11 mg/g in bark & leaves extract, expressed as quercetin equivalents. Ethanolic extract of bark & leaves of Cordia macleodii showed the highest phenolic and flavonoids concentration repectively. The Cordia macleodii can be regarded as promising candidates for health management because of natural plant sources of phenolic and flavonoids with high value
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of “Couroupita guianensis” on carbon tetra chloride - induced liver damage
No full textTo investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of methanol leaves extract of Couroupita guianensis against carbon tetrachloride+ Olive oil -induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of leaves of Couroupita guianensis was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride + Olive oil -induced hepatic damage in rats. In-vivo antioxidant activity of methanol extract of leaves of Couroupita guianensis was evaluated by various assays including lipid peroxidation, super oxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The methanol extract of leaves of Couroupita guianensis at dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for seven days. Serum enzymatic levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), bilirubin and Lactate dehyrogenase were estimated along with estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver tissues. Further histopathological examination of the liver sections was carried out to support the induction of hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective efficacy. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP total bilirubin and total protein were found to be restored towards normalization significantly by the methanol extract of leaves of Couroupita guianensis in a dose dependent manner with maximum hepatoprotection at 500mg/kg dose level. The extract showed potent activities on reduced glutathione, SOD, CAT, GRD, GPx and MDA levels. The histopathological observations supported the biochemical evidences of hepatoprotection. The results of the present study strongly reveal that methanol extract of leaves of Couroupita guianensis has hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against carbon tetrachloride -induced hepatic damage in experimental animals
Obtaining normal flexion and extension of knee joints on supine, prone and standing positions in osteoarthritis by topical phyto-therapeutic treatment irrespective of age and sex
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is not a simply process of wear and tear, but an abnormal remodeling of joint tissues driven by a host of inflammatory mediators, including disorders of specific nerves within the affected joint. The common risk factor of OA includes age, sex, prior joint injury, obesity, genetic predisposition and mechanical factor, including malalignment and abnormal joint shape. This paper reports for the first time that normal flexion and extension of knee joints on supine, prone and standing positions in osteoarthritis by topical phytotherapeutic treatment can be achieved, with sustenance, irrespective of age and sex
Medicinal Plants on Acne inducing Bacteria
No full textAcne is a cutaneous pleomorphic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit involving abnormalities in sebum production and is characterized by both inflammatory (papules, pustules and nodules) and non-inflammatory (comedons, open and closed) lesions. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are common pus-forming microbes responsible for the development of various forms of Acne vulgaris. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial activities of seven medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. Acetonic and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (leaves), Curcuma longa (root), Aloe vera (leaves), Withania somnifera (leaves), Terminalia arjuna (bark), Ocimim sanctum (leaves), Santalum album (wood) were tested for antimicrobial activities by agar diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods. The results from the agar diffusion method showed that five medicinal plants could inhibit the growth of acne-inducing bacteria. Among these Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa and Terminalia arjuna had strong inhibitory effects. Based on MIC, the acetonic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa had the greatest antimicrobial effects. Taken together, the present study indicated that Azadirachta indica had a strong inhibitory effect on acne-inducing bacteria
Potent In-vitro Anti-plasmodium Activity of Hydromethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Xanthium strumarium
No full textMalaria is known to account for a large fraction of the mortality in most tropical countries. In recent times the increase in new, drug-resistant strains of the Plasmodium parasite has triggered the search for novel, effective, anti-plasmodial agents, with minimal side effects. Hence, herbal extracts, rich in potent phytochemicals, are currently proving effective in the combat against malaria and its varied forms. In the present study therefore, extracts of bur of Xanthium strumarium were analyzed to determine the major secondary metabolites and active phytocomponents. The anti-malarial efficacy of these extracts were then tested in-vitro on MRC-2 and 3D7 P. falciparum strains. The effect on cultures of infected RBC treated with test extract for 24 hours were compared with normal RBC alone, Plasmodia Infected RBC, Synchronized infected RBC and scored according to the WHO guidelines. The IC50 values was derived and the study revealed that the Hydromethanolic and Aqueous extracts proved most potent in containing the parasite proliferation. This was concomitant with the phytochemical data which showed that these extracts were rich in active phytoconstituents, and hence these extracts show promise as effective anti-plasmodial agents even against the drug resistant strains
In vitro cytotoxicity studies of sixteen plants used for pregnant women’s health conditions in Menoua Division-West Cameroon
No full textIn Cameroon, many plants are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of pregnancy and childbirth complaints. However, toxicological potential of most of these plants have not been investigated. In order to evaluate the degree of safety of their users, in vitro cytotoxic potentials of sixteen of these medicinal plants were subjected to the assay using the brine shrimp lethality assay. From this study, the aqueous extract of plant Rauvolfia vomitoria bark was found to be cytotoxic and that of Ageratum conyzoides stem and leaves slightly cytotoxic, with LC50 values of 17.62 and 99.17µg/ml, respectively. The least toxic plant extracts were Aloe buttneri, Commelina benghalensis, Ipomoea tenuirostrisandNelsonia canescens, (LC50 value > 105 µg/ml). Overall fourteen extracts were found to be non-toxic. Most herbal remedies were non cytotoxic but it would be necessary to complete these cyto-toxicological information by mutagenicity, teratogenicity tests as welle as in vivo toxicological tests on animals
Effect of a Proprietary Commiphora mukul Gum Resin Extract and Medium-Chain Triglyceride Preparation (GU-MCT810) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway in HepG2 cell line
No full textThe heterodimeric transcription factor HIF-1 is responsible for the regulation of genes that facilitate adaptation and survival of cells under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1 gene expression is also associated with angiogenesis, glucose transport, nitric oxide synthase activity and cell proliferation through the regulation of hundreds of genes associated with HIF-1 pathway. GU-MCT810 is a nutraceutical ingredient complex that includes a Commiphora mukul (guggul) extract prepared by a supercritical CO2-co-solvent extraction with ethanol and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil composed of C8 and C10 fatty acids. Since cancer cells use glycolytic pathway, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) has been reported to inhibit the glycolysis. We have investigated the anticancer potential of GU-MCT810 with and without 2-DG in HepG2 human hepatoma cell line. Even though GU-MCT810 and 2-DG are individually weakly cytotoxic, the combination is synergistic with combination index (CI) values of 0.21, 0.22 and 0.88 at IC50, IC75 and IC90 levels, respectively. The combination also showed a synergistic inhibitory effect on ATP-synthesis in HepG2 cells. GU-MCT810 inhibits CoCl2-induced HIF-1α expression significantly in a dose-dependent manner with complete inhibition at 50 µg/ml concentration. GU-MCT810 upregulates Bax and p21 genes and down regulates Bcl-2, BNIP3 and mutant p53 genes associated with apoptosis. It also down regulates proteins associated angiogenesis (VEGF, VEGF-R), cell proliferation (IGF-2), glucose transport (GLUT1) and adaptogenesis (HSP70 and HSP90). These results indicate that GU-MCT810 can be combined with 2-DG for inhibition of HIF-1 pathway genes which would be useful for elimination of refractory cancer cells present in the hypoxic region of human tumors
Relationship between antioxidant and anxiolytic activity of standardized extracts of Melissa officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis
No full textAll diseases, especially those neurological pathologies (Depression, anxiety, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s diseases, etc) are described to be associated to oxidative stress. An increased concentration of metal ions in neurons of patients could be, at least in part, the cause of this oxidative stress. Reduced metal ions generate ROS through Haber-Weiss and/or Fenton reactions. By other hand, psychotropic effects of diverse plants have been described, between them Melissa officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis. Pharmacological studies about the beneficial effects of these plants are scarce, especially those about Rosmarinus officinalis. In this work, a correlation between biological antioxidant activity of these plants and their anxiolytic activity was studied. Results show that this correlation seems to occur, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic importance of this phenomenon is discussed
Cytotoxicity Study in Non Malignant Fibroblast L929 Cell Line with Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract
No full textMucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Leguminosae), commonly called velvet bean has been long used by tribes as an antidote for various snakebite, for treating depression and various nervous disorders, Parkinson\u27s disease, arthritis and also has potent anti-urolithiatic, anti- diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant activities. To evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds in non-malignant fibroblast L929 cell line. To access the toxic nature of the seeds, a hydroalcoholic extract was prepared and tested for its cytotoxic effects on non-malignant fibroblast L929 cell line at various concentrations (1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml). Viability (%), cell death (%), cytotoxicity grading, proliferation rate and growth inhibition values were calculated. No substantial difference in viability (%), cell death (%), growth inhibition (%) and proliferation rate were observed either at 24 h or 48 h following treatment with various concentrations of the extract as compared to the negative control. No toxicity was observed at any concentration of the extract, implying that the L-DOPA enriched extract of Mucuna pruriens is not toxic to the non malignant cells. These results confirmed that Mucuna pruriens seeds are safe and can be used as medicine for the treatment of various diseases
In vitro and in vivo evaluation for immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract of Sphaeranthus indicus (Linn)
No full textThe aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity for methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. at different doses as 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bd.wt. in healthy wistar albino rats. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was evaluated for humoral immunity (antibody titre, plaque forming cell assay and quantitative haemolysis of SRBC) and cellular immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity, T- cell population and drug induced myelosuppression) with antigen challenge by sheep RBCs. Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus along with the antigen (sheep red blood cells) showed significant increase in the circulating antibody titer and the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen at the dose of 100 mg/kg bd.wt. as compare to 200 and 400 mg/kg bd.wt. Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus also showed significant (p < 0.01) increase in the DTH response, restoration of histological parameters, increase in lymphocytes and rosettes formation in T-cell population at dose of 400 mg/kg bd.wt. as compare to 100 and 200 mg/kg bd.wt. The present investigation reveals that Sphaeranthus indicus can be used as immunomodulator for activation of both specific and non- specific immune responses