International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Endophytic Bacillus species isolated from mangrove plants, and their antagonestic effects against some pathogenic bacterial strains
No full textThis study aimed to isolate bacterial endophytes with potential antimicrobial effects from five mangrove plants and to investigate the stability of the most active metabolites under different PH and temperature. Bacterial colonies were isolated from the collected plant parts. Bacterial strains with potential antagonistic interactions were subjected to idnetification by VITEK 2 system or sequencing of the 16S rRNA. MIC values of the crude substances were determined against Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhiumurium using the the serial dilution technique.The stability of the most active crude extracts was examined under different, PH (2-7) and temperature (60 -90 °C). Twenty one of the isolated strains showed potential antagonistic effects. Of these, 16 identified as Bacillus species. Best antimicrobial effects were recorded for Bacillus tequilensis against, B. cereus and S. typhimurium (MIC value=65 µl/m1), S.uberis (MIC value 78 µl/ml), E.coli and K.pneumonia (MIC value=125 µl/m1). Both Bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus brevis inhibited growth of S. typhimurium with MIC value of 78 and 60 µl/m1 respectively. The metabolites of B.subtilis and B.tequilensis appeared to be stable under PH2-9. Product of B.subtilis showed stability under high temperature (90 °C) against S. typhimurium. The isolated endophytes possessed wide range of antimicrobial activities against the selected pathogens. Bacillus tequilensis and B.subtilis produced the most active metabolites. This is the first report on isolation of endophytic strains of B.tequilensis. The crude extracts obtained from B.tequilensis and B.subtilis in this study could be further developed as food preservatives
Evaluations of healing potential of ethanol extract from Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich) aerial parts
No full textThe aim of the present study is to evaluate healing potential of 5% and 10% (w/w) ethanol extract from Macrothelypteris torresiana aerial parts (EEMTAP) in simple ointment (family thelypteridaceae). In excision wound model the ethanol extract from M. torresiana aerial parts showed significant increase in percentage wound closure and increased rate of epithelization. In incision wound model, EEMTAP treated animals showed increase in breaking strength when compared with control group. Similarly, the efficacy of treatment of chemical and thermal burn injuries in rats showed significant reduction in the burn wound area when compared with control group animals. These results showed that the burn wounds of untreated groups were contaminated, as they were not repaired, while those of treated groups by silver sulfadiazine and EEMTAP restored the normal architecture more rapidly and the percentage wound closure time was significantly reduced. In dead space wound model the ethanol extract treated animals (200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant increase in both wet and dry weight of granulation tissue. Estimation of hydroxyproline content in the granulation tissue revealed that the animal groups treated with EEMTAP had high hydroxyproline content as against the control group. The histological studies of the wound tissues revealed that the granulation tissue of the control group of animals showed more aggregation of macrophages with few collagen fibers, persistent inflammation, oedema and with chronic inflammation. In the case of povidone iodine treated animal possess significant increase in collagen deposition showing lesser macrophages with granulation tissue formation and lesser fibroblasts. In the case of 5% (w/w) EEMTAP treated animals revealed that moderate collagen deposition, macrophages and fibroblasts were noticed and the wounds treated with 10% (w/w) EEMTAP in simple ointment showing significant increased collagenation, few macrophages and capillaries
Physico-Chemical Characteristics and antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds and oil of Citrus aurantium Seeds from Northwest Algeria
No full textSour orange (Citrus aurantium) is a tree of the family of Rutaceae. It is cultivated today in many parts of the world; the fruit, leaves, twigs and flowers have numerous applications in food and perfumery. Citrus aurantium used in this study originate from Tlemcen in North East of Algeria. Our study focused firstly on the physicochemical analysis of seed oil of sour orange namely the determination of indices, fatty acids, vitamin E and polyphenols. Secondly we evaluated total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins of Citrus aurantium seeds and their antioxidant activity of using in vitro methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and β-carotene bleaching test. The seeds oil contents is 38.21%, their fatty major acids were palmitic (26.85 %) and linoleic acid (38.29%). The physicochemical analysis of oil showed index values of density, acid value, ester value, saponification value and refractive index estimated respectively: 0926; 1.212, 190.39, 191.52, 1467. The quantitative estimation of Citrus aurantium seeds showed that content of polyphenol is 2.12 mg GA /g DW which the predominant part is represented by tannins (0.3 mg CE /g DW) followed by the flavonoids (0.076 mg CE /g DW). Our results demonstrate that all extracts have antioxidant capacity. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids showed the highest value of antioxidant activities for seed which might constitute an important source of natural antioxidants
Anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic extracts from different parts of prickly pear on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated N13 microglial cells
No full textPhytochemicals with health-promoting activities that are components of human diet, have shown to exert a protective effect on the CNS under pathological conditions. In this sense, prickly pears exhibit analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties with neuroprotective effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of phenolic extracts from different parts of prickly pear on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated N13 microglia. Activation of microglia, the hallmark of neuroinflammation, is key to host defence and tissue repair in brain. However, activated microglia secretes cytokines and other factors that are known to contribute to neurodegeneration. To preserve brain integrity, therefore, it is important to keep microglia activation under strict control. The results show that the extracts studied significantly inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The present study, however, does not show a clear linear correlation between antioxidant compounds content (total phenolic and flavonoid contents) and anti-inflammatory activity indicates that there must be some additional components within the extracts that play a pivotal role in the anti-inflammatory effect and therefore further characterization is needed. The present study does, however, demonstrate that the phenolic extracts from different parts of prickly pears are potent inhibitors of microglial activation and thus a potential preventive therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases involving neuroinflammation
Oryza sativa L. extracts inhibit nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in murine macrophage cells and lungs of antigen-challenged allergic mice
No full textHyper-production of nitric oxide (NO) has been observed in the airways of patients with asthma and may contribute to airway inflammatory responses. Previous studies showed that DA-9201, an ethanolic extract of Oryza sativa L., significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and remodeling in murine models of asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DA-9201 on the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic mice. The levels of NO and iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were determined. Allergic inflammation was induced in mice by immunization with OVA and these mice were administered DA-9201 daily at 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg for 2 weeks. Mice were challenged with allergen by inhalation during the last 3 days of DA-9201 treatment and lungs were harvested 24 h after the last challenge. NO levels in blood plasma and iNOS expression in lung tissue were determined by ELISA and western blotting, respectively. DA-9201 inhibited the production of NO and iNOS gene and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated cells. In the lungs of allergen-challenged mice, DA-9201 caused a significant decrease in iNOS protein expression. Furthermore, we found that DA-9201 significantly decreased NO levels in blood plasma. These results suggest that DA-9201 inhibits NO production by limiting the expression of iNOS, which may be one of the underlying mechanisms its anti-asthmatic effect
Comparative Effect of Atorvastatin and Trigonella foenum graecum L. Seeds in the Postmenopausal Hyperlipidemia
No full textTrigonella foenum graecum L. (Fabaceae) seeds have been extensively used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine. It has been used as a traditional medicine for a household remedy against various human ailments. The seeds have been shown to possess hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant activity. The present study is to evaluate whether ovariectomised (OVX) Wistar rats could form an experimental model of postmenopausal hyperlipidemia and to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potential of Atorvastatin (AT) and Ethyl acetate extract of Trigonella foenum graecum L. Seeds (ET) in OVX Wistar rats and toxicity associated with it. Ovariectomy was performed to mimic the postmenopausal hyperlipidemic condition in Wistar rats. The effects of AT and ET on body weight, weight of uterus and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were also evaluated. The rats in OVX control group showed 51% weight gain when compared with vehicle control group. The serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL of OVX control group was found to be increased significantly; serum HDL level was reduced and atrophy of uterus was observed in comparison with vehicle control group. The ET showed the significant (P<0.05, P<0.01) antihyperlipidemic potency when compared with AT & proportional antihyperlipidemic potency in comparison with Estradiol benzoate (EB). These findings confirm the bilateral OVX Wistar rats as a model of postmenopausal hypercholesterolemia. The significant antihyperlipidemic activity of ET thus lends pharmacological credence to the suggested use of the plant as a safe natural remedy in the treatment of postmenopausal hyperlipidemia
Retracted:-Identification of Benzoxazolinone Derivatives Based Inhibitors for Depression and Pain Related Disorders Using Human Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporter as Dual Therapeutic Target: A Computational Approach
No full textRetracted:-Identification of Benzoxazolinone Derivatives Based Inhibitors for Depression and Pain Related Disorders Using Human Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporter as Dual Therapeutic Target: A Computational Approac
Andrographolide Pretreatment Enhances the Bioavailability and Hypoglycemic Action of Glimepiride and Metformin
No full textHerbal antidiabetic preparations are often used as an add-on therapy in diabetes. Hence, in the present investigation the effect of andrographolide (AD) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glimepiride and metformin in normal as well as in STZ - induced diabetic rats was studied. In normal and diabetic rats the combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD increased significantly (p < 0.01) all the pharmacokinetic parameters, such as Cmax, AUC0 to n, AUCtotal, t½, MRT and decreased the clearance, Vd markedly as compared with the control group. In pharmacodynamic studies, the combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD provided significant protection against the diabetes induced alterations in the biochemical parameters. In addition, the combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD also improved the total antioxidant status and decreased lipid peroxide levels significantly in diabetic rats compared with AD, glimepiride and metformin alone treated groups. The results revealed that combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD led to the enhancement of the bioavailability of glimepiride and metformin by inhibiting the CYP450 enzymes. In conclusion, add-on preparations containing AD may increase the bioavailability of glimepiride and metformin, which suggested that AD might be beneficial as an adjuvant to glimepiride and metformin in a proper dose, in diabetic patients and hence the doses should be monitored
Insulin sensitizing potential of fractions isolated from X. molluccensis and X. granatum
No full textThe present study was designed to elucidate the anti-hyperglycemic action of two fractions isolated from marine plants i.e., CDR267F018 from X. molluccensis and CDR134F194 from X. granatum in insulin resistant conditions using in vitro and in vivo models. The glucose uptake was studied using in vitro model of 3T3 L1 adipocyte and L-6 skeletal muscle cell line. The effect of fractions was also studied in dexamthazaone induced insulin resistant conditions in 3T3L1 adipocyte model. The in vivo model of insulin resistance was developed using a high fructose diet. Parameters assessed were weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides and liver glycogen content. Pioglitazone was used as a positive control. CDR267F018 and CDR134F194 demonstrated stimulation of glucose uptake in L-6 skeletal muscle cells in a dose dependent manner. Both the fractions per se significantly stimulated the basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake in 3T3L1 model. A stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake was also observed in insulin resistant cells. The effect shown by these drugs was comparable to Pioglitazone, a known insulin sensitizer. Administration of the fractions CDR267F018 and CDR134F194 demonstrated a dose dependent decrease in sugar and insulin levels with maximum effect at the highest dose tested. These fractions also decreased the total cholesterol levels although an increase in triglycerides levels was observed at the higher doses. The maximum decrease in triglycerides was seen with lower dose. CDR267F018 and CDR134F194 have a potential role in ameliorating insulin resistant conditions as seen in the 3T3L1 adipocyte, skeletal muscle and fructose fed model
Studies on antimicrobial effect of natural dyes and pigments obtained from the leaf of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and Tectona grandis L.f.
No full textAt present there is a renewed interest for value addition of textiles by using natural products. Many of the plant materials, from which natural dyes are obtained, also found to have some medicinal values. However, it is a matter of concern that the indigenous knowledge of extraction, processing and practice of using natural dyes has diminished to a great extent among the new generation of ethnic people due to easy availability of cheap synthetic dyes. In view of this, the present study was undertaken so as to revive and popularise the age-old art of dyeing with natural dyes. During the investigation dyeing materials were prepared from leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jack fruit) and Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak). Silk fabrics were dyed with the extracted colouring materials and were estimated for their wash fastness to ensure the durability of the colour on the fabrics. Finally, the antimicrobial effect of the two different natural dyed fabrics was studied against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus sp. The dye prepared from leaves of Tectona grandis L.f. was found to be most effective by showing maximum zone of inhibition as compared to Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. The textile material impregnated with two natural dyes resulted in the maximum zone of inhibition rate (65%) against Escherichia coli as recorded in the silk samples dyed with Tectona grandis. It can be concluded that the natural dyes obtained from these two plants under study could provide special aesthetic values, which is not only environmentally friendly but gives added qualities to the textile production because of the antimicrobial potential of the dyes