International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textLactic acid fermentation and not oxidative phosphorylation is reported to be one of the major bioenergetics mechanisms by which cancer cells thrive and proliferate with such rapidity in non-ambient hypoxic conditions. The objective of the study was to determine the synergistic effect of spices in a decoction; Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Pepper (Piper nigrum) and Garlic (Allium sativum) in combination, on the metabolism of Hep G2 liver cancer cells.The biochemical studies of 2 major enzymes involved in cellular metabolism of cells namely; Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) showed that the decoction down regulated the activity of LDHA and increased the activity of PDH in cancer cells, thereby shifting the metabolic mechanism towards normal functioning in the cancer cells. The expression studies of major molecules involved in regulating metabolic machinery in cells viz., tumour suppressor p53 and oncogene MYC mRNAs; and western blot analysis of Hypoxia inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed that the decoction regulated the expression of these factors helping to revert the metabolism in cancer cells, which could be attributed to the effect of turmeric and also garlic, rich in pantothenic acid, that aids in turning on oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells. With the above results, it could be concluded that the decoction alters the metabolic mechanism in a cancer cell from lactic acid fermentation to oxidative phosphorylation, like in any other normal cell, thus inhibiting further growth of the cancer
Synergistic effect of ethno medicinal plants against biofilm forming Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from upper respiratory tract infection
No full textThe present study is an attempt to determine the synergistic anti-biofilm efficacy of three Indian medicinal plants namely Ocimum tenuiflorum, Plectranthus amboinicus, and Tylophora indica (OPT) against the biofilm forming Streptococcus pyogenes of upper respiratory tract infection. The leaves were collected and subjected to methanol extraction. The combined extract (OPT) was subjected to preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis. About, ten isolates of S. pyogenes were obtained from the throat swabs samples and studied for biofilm forming potential. The strong biofilm forming isolates were subjected to Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (BIC) assays and light microscopic analysis the biofilm inhibition. The results of GC-MS revealed the presence of 39 biologically active phyto-compounds attributed the medicinal properties. The MIC and BIC assay results OPT extracts exhibited anti-biofilm activity at minimal concentration ranging from 0.0156 mg/ml to1.0 mg/ml. Further, the microscopic observations confirmed the altered biofilm architecture of S. pyogenes treated with OPT extract. The findings expound the sturdy synergistic anti-biofilm efficacy of the OPT against biofilm forming S. pyogenes
Tephrosia purpurea: A natural herb/ bliss
No full textHerbal medicine is in demand due to its fewer side effects and more or better curable techniques. The Tephrosia purpurea, claimed to be healing, curing and lower the various diseases according to Indian medicinal history. This genera species is well known for its therapeutic purpose, in this review we are explaining about the T.P most important characteristics which have been reported. This plant due to its good antioxidant and antibacterial property show best medicine against various diseases such as diuretic, cyto-toxicity and diabetics
Anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the antioxidant extract from Baccharis trimera Less. (DC)
No full textOne of the main risk factors for the development of stomach ulcers and cancer is infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which is accompanied by considerable oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of B. trimera hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and aqueous (AqF), hexanic (HxF), and acetonitrile/chloroform (ACF) fractions, as well as their oxidant potentials. A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed using a microdilution assay. After exposure to the investigated samples, the bacterial morphology was analysed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antioxidant activity was evaluated in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 •- ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydroxyl radical (HO • ) and nitric oxide (NO • ) assays. The highest concentration of polyphenols was found in HE, the highest concentration of flavonoids was found in ACF, and of tannins was found in AqF. In the anti-H. pylori assay, the MIC 90 was 512 µg/mL for HE and 1024 µg/mL for ACF, which was bactericidal. The SEM showed morphological alterations such as cell lysis in the tested samples. In the O 2 •- inhibition assay, the EC 50 of AqF was 5.85 ± 0.86. In the HOCl, HO • radical, NO • and H 2 O 2 scavenging assays, the best results were in ACF, with an EC 50 of 15.50 ± 0.80, 2.90 ± 0.48, 132.13 ± 7.38 and 66.70 ± 2.30 µg/mL, respectively. The analyses indicate that compounds present in B. trimera, especially in HE and ACF, are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori
Retracted: Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia on Testicular Marker Enzymes and Gonadotrophic Hormones in Cadmium-induced Gonadotoxic Ratsretracted
No full textRetracted: Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia on Testicular Marker Enzymes and Gonadotrophic Hormones in Cadmium-induced Gonadotoxic Ratsretracted
Hepatoprotective Activity of Aqueous Extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn Leaves against Carbon Tetrachloride induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats
No full textThe present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Sesbania grandiflora Linn (AESG) at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight per oral using Carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in wistar albino rats. Aqueous extract showed significant (p<0.05) hepatoprotective effect by lowering the serum levels of various biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvates transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phospatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBL), total cholesterol (CHL) and by increasing the levels of total protein (TPTN) and albumin (ALB), in the selected model. These biochemical observations were inturn confirmed by histopathological examinations of liver sections and were comparable with the standard hepatoprotective drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight i.p.) which served as a reference control. It was concluded from the result that the aqueous extract of Sesbania grandiflora L. possesses hepatoprotective activity against Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats
An ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants from a sacred forest of Western Odisha, India.
No full textSacred forests are being protected by means of cultural and religious beliefs by the local communities and act as people participatory conservation sites for several important medicinal plants. Sacred forests are one of the oldest forms of biodiversity conservation sites still effectively managed by local people and act as in-situ conservation sites. In this context, the present study was carried out in Andhari sacred forest of Jharsuguda district as to collect the information regarding the traditional ethno medicinal knowledge acquired by the local medical practitioners. Only few indigenous people have adequate knowledge regarding the medicinal plants and their uses. These traditional knowledge were rapidly degrading and if not documented will be lost forever. The present study reveals the presence of 91 plants species belonging to 46 families being used by the practitioners to treat various diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, indigestion, worm infection, wound healing, headache, stomach disorders, Rheumatic disorders, snake bite, poisonous bite, menstrual problem etc. This ethnomedicinal information further needs to be validated by clinical trials for their safe uses. The study also reported the existence of 8 RET (Rare, Endangered and Threatened) medicinally important species which makes this site a biological hotspot and needs further effective conservation efforts
Anti-diabetic effect of aqueous fruit extract of Borassus aethiopum (Mart.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
No full textIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels and is among the top ten causes of death in the world. Borassus aethiopum Mart. (family Arecaceae) is a plant species of Borassus palm found widely across Africa. It serves an important source of food, providing edible fruits, and nuts, and also has a number of pharmacological uses that have been reported in some parts of the world. Objective: The current study was aimed at assessing the phytochemical constituents as well as the antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effect of fruit extract of B. aethiopum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The fruits extract was prepared (FEB) and phytochemical constituents evaluated using standard methods. The antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic properties in alloxanized rats assessed for 7 and 28 days. Normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated with FEB at doses of 100 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight. Observations on body weight, relative organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters were measured in both acute and sub-chronic circumstances. Results: The presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids and alkaloids were detected. Fasting blood glucose was reduced significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats in acute study at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight and at 250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight in sub-chronic studies. WBC and PLT levels were significantly increased after treatment with 500 mg/kg body weight. Urea and ALT levels also reduced significantly in both acute and sub-chronic studies. Conclusion: The aqueous fruit extract of B. aethiopum is antidiabetic. It was also found to be nephron- and hepato-protective as well as boosting the immunity of the animals
A comprehensive review on Polygonum glabrum
No full textPolygonum glabrum commonly called as dense flower knotweed is a perennial plant. It is an amphibious shrub with pink flowers and glossy brown seeds found in most parts of India. Various parts of the plant like leaves, stem, flowers and roots are used in traditional system of medicine. Traditionally, different decoctions/infusions are prepared using the plant parts and given for the treatment of rheumatism, jaundice, piles etc. From pharmacological point, the plant has been effectively screened for antihepatotoxic, antinephrotoxic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidepressant, analgesic and antioxidant activities. The plant contains many flavonoids including diosmetin, rutin, hyperin and quercitrin. The lanceolate leaves are rich in essential oil which contains many compounds like 6, 6-dimethyl-1, 3-heptadien-5-ol, oleicacid, 9-octadecenamide, isodecyloctyl ester and 1,2,3-benzenetriol. Compounds like aliphatic, alicyclic compounds, sesqueterpenes, sterols, phenolic acids as well as other trace elements have been identified in the plant. This review provides morphological, ethnomedical, pharmacological and phytochemical data of the plant Polygonum glabrum
Chicory abrogates oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-dependent apoptosis in acute hepatic injury model induced by acetaminophen in rats
Get PDFIn this study the protective effect of chicory leaves hydroalcoholic extract (CIE) against acute liver injury induced by a single dose of acetaminophen (700 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in rats. The CIE and silymarin treatment (standard reference) were given in a dose of (100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 days before and at 1 and 12 h following acetaminophen administration. Treatment with CIE significantly reduced the levels of serum ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, TNF-α and hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, caspase-3 and hydroxyproline, with significant increases in serum total protein, albumin, HDL- cholesterol and hepatic activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as compared with the acetaminophen group. The histopathological alterations mediated by acetaminophen were ameliorated by CIE. It was concluded that CIE protects rat liver against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, most probably through abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-3 dependent apoptosis