International Journal of Phytomedicine
Not a member yet
664 research outputs found
Sort by
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Trigonella Species
Get PDFThe genus Trigonella includes many medicinal and aromatic plant species used in traditional as well as veterinary medicines for different diseases, alone or in combination with other remedies. The crude methanol extracts of 15 Trigonella species were assayed for antimicrobial activity against four medicinally important multidrug resistant clinical isolates, five plant pathogenic bacteria and five fungi. Three species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the test bacteria. Acidified ethanolic extract of the most promising species, T. suavissima was purified by column chromatography. Characterization of a partially purified ethyl acetate fraction by LC/ESI/MS showed the presence of 7’4’ dihydroxy flavone and (2E)-3-{5-[4-(Ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]furan-2-yl}prop-2-enoate) Three species showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani. The saponin extract of T. spicata showed a selective activity against A. niger and the sapogenin extract against F. solani. A polyhydroxylated alkaloid was isolated from the sapogenin extract of T. spicata using chromatographic techniques with structural characterization done by LC/ESI/MS, 13C and 1H NMR. The study reveals that Trigonella species are potential sources of natural compounds that may act as antimicrobial agents. It represents the most extensive survey of antimicrobial activity in Trigonella done to date
Department of Genetics, University College of science, Osmania University, Hyderabad Telangana, India-500007.
No full textThe genus Candida is caused morbidity and mortality in human beings. The virulence factors of the Candida albicans have the great role in the pseudohyphae formation by attached with epithelial cells and endothelial cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of weed extracts used in traditional herbal medicine. The weeds were selected on the basis of their reported ethnobotanical uses. Water and alcoholic weed extracts were screened in vitro for their antifungal activity against fungus C. albicans. 50μl concentration of minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Mimosa pudica extract in alcohol and 70μl concentration of MIC of Oxalis corniculata extract shows in alcohol. We conclude from this that these extracts exhibit amazing fungicidal properties that support their traditional uses. The presence of phytochemicals in the extracts including, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and organic acids like, Malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid may be responsible for these activities. The acetone extracts of plant are more efficient as compared to the water extract
Ameliorative Effect of Chlorophyllin on Oxidative Stress in Experimental Model of Diabetes
No full textThe aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on oxidative stress in Streptozotocine (STZ) induced diabetic mice. For the study, mice were divided into Group A: normal control, Group B: diabetic control, Group C: diabetic mice treated with the ascorbic acid, and Group D: diabetic mice treated with CHL. Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD &Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were examined in kidney and heart tissues of different experimental groups. Histological and ultrastructuralstudies were also carried out to evaluate any changes in tissues as well as sub-cellular organelles. ROS, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels have been significantly decreased with concomitant increased of CuZn SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activity in CHLtreated diabetic mice. The histological and ultrastructural studies showed that CHL attenuates the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and alleviated tissue injuries in STZ induced diabetic mice. These results suggested that CHL possesses antioxidative activity and has the potential to amelioratediabetes-associated oxidative stress in mice
Molecular genetic evaluation of Cichorium endivia L. as an anticancer agent against colorectal cancer
No full textMedicinal plants confer protective effects against a wide range of cancers including colon cancer. Cichorium endivia L. has many biological activities and functions, such as anti-inflammation and hepatoprotective effects. This activity is mainly due to its high levels of antioxidant compounds. The effect of cichorium extract and fluorouracil (5-FU) against colorectal cancer (CRC) induced by 1, 2- Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) was examined in male albino mice. Where, different doses of cichorium extract (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight) were investigated to determine the significant effective dose against colorectal cancer using differential display-PCR (DD-PCR), DNA sequencing, histopathological and cytological techniques. The results showed that the cichorium extract dose 200 mg/kg body weight was the best one compared to the others (400 and 600 mg/kg body weight). This finding could be a powerful therapeutic against colorectal cancer
Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica flower extract WS 1261 on mental and psychic function in subsyndromal fatigue – A pilot study
No full textBackground Traditional use, chemical constituents, and results of prior animal studies indicate alleviating effects of Opuntia ficus-indica flowers extract on subsyndromal fatigue symptoms in humans Methods 50 healthy subjects of either gender aged 30 to 60 years with subsyndromal fatigue were enrolled in this open-label monocentric single arm proof-of-principle study. 500mg of a hydro-alcoholic extract from Opuntia ficus-indica flowers were administered daily over 8 weeks. Mental and psychic function parameters were assessed by numerical analogue scale of Subjective Fatigue Symptoms, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20, Sheehan Disability Scale, Short Form Health Survey 36, Fatigue Impact Scale, and Global Self-Assessment. Also, health-related incidents, laboratory parameters and vital signs were measured during the intervention period. Results Improvement of fatigue symptoms could be shown in most measurements after week 1 and continued further throughout the trial. 70.0% of subjects reported global improvement of their complaints at end of study. Conclusions A consistent and positive effect of Opuntia ficus-indica flowers extract on symptoms of fatigue could be demonstrated. Improvement in all mental and psychic functions could be measured, most of them statistically significant
Free radicals scavenging activity and antimicrobial potential of leaf and fruit extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. against clinical pathogen
Get PDFAntioxidant activity of fruit and leaf extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. was evaluated through β- carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Antimicrobial potential of extracts was also assessed against human disease causing pathogens. In fruit extract, highest antioxidant activity (76.64 ± 1.06) was found in aqueous extract and leaf extract showed maximum antioxidant activity (90.82 ± 1.11) in methanolic extract. In fruit, maximum H2O2 scavenging activity was found in methanolic extract and in leaf maximum H2O2 scavenging activity (10.53 ± 0.72) in ethanolic extract. Both, fruit and leaf extract have showed significant antimicrobial activity against most of the pathogens. In fruit extract, methanolic and aqueous extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms except Candida albicans. All extract of fruit showed maximum inhibition zone (diameter) against Candida tropicalis, methanolic extract (12.50 ± 0.29), aqueous extract (11.66 ± 0.33) and ethanolic extract (10.16 ± 0.16). In leaf extract, maximum inhibition zone (9.66 ± 0.52) was formed by ethanolic extract against Salmonella Typhimurium. Fruit and leaf extracts have shown more activity against Gram negative bacteria
Toxicological evaluation of Diakure, an antidiabetic polyherbal formulation
Get PDFContext and Purpose of the Study: DiaKure is a hypoglycemic polyherbal formulation prepared indigenously based on knowledge of traditional medical practitioners, which contains polyherbal mixture of Vetiveria zizanioides (root), Hemidesmus indicus (rhizome), Strychnos potatorum (seed), Salacia reticulata (bark), Holarhena antidysenterica (seed), Cassia auriculata (bark), Trigonella graecum (seed) and Acacia catechu (bark) and each individual herb has scientific background in treating diabetes by the folk medical practitioners in various communities of India. The main aim of present study is to conduct an acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation on DiaKure (an anti-diabetic polyherbal formulation), which was indigenously developed. The powder formulation is made into a decoction for better effect and easy administration. Materials and Methods: In acute toxicity tests, four groups of Wistar rats were orally treated with doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg/day of DiaKure, and general behaviour, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats received DiaKure at the doses of 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 days, and biochemical, hematological, and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and brain) were determined. Main Findings: DiaKure did not produce any signs of toxicity or mortality in the acute toxicity test. Sub-acute toxicity study with DiaKure also did not show any change in food or water consumption, hematological, or biochemical profiles. Minimal rise in body weight was noted in group III rats. Further histological study shows no necrosis or infiltration. 1000 mg/kg-treated animal showed microvesicular steatosis in individual hepatocytes. Implications: The above data showed that DiaKure could be safe for clinical use at a dose level less than or equal to 500 mg/kg. This toxicological evaluation gives this polyherbal mixture a scientific validation to the ancestral knowledge of various communities in India
Cranberry Extract as a Supplemented Food in Treatment of Oxidative Stress and Breast Cancer Induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in Female Virgin Rats
No full textBreast cancer is the most common cancer and a major cause of death in women. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of cranberry extract against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary carcinoma in rats. The tumor was induced in Female virgin rats of age 50 days by single dose of MNU (50mg/kg.b.w i.p.). After 85 days; all rats developed at least one tumor. Animals were treated with cranberry extract (400 and 600 mg/kg.b.w.orally) and tamoxifen (2mg/kg.b.w. i.p) for 4 weeks (from day 86 to day 113). MNU treatment resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLTs) as well as blood, liver and breast catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, MNU treatment resulted in a significant increase in White blood cells (WBC) as well as plasma, liver and mammary tissue gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexosamine, sialic acid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). Upon administration of the cranberry extract, the levels of WBC, GGT, LDH, hexosamine, sialic acid, TBARs, Hb, RBC, PLTs, CAT, GPx and SOD were significantly normalized. Histopathological changes also confirmed the formation of tumor tubules and neovascularization after the MNU treatment. Cranberry extract administration significantly reduces the growth of MNU-induced mammary tumors, and therefore has strong potential as a useful therapeutic regimen for inhibiting breast cancer development. Comparing the beneficial effect of cranberry extract with that of MNU-induced breast cancer, cranberry extract showed antitumor and antioxidant activity indicated by the measured biochemical parameters and the histopathological examination of mammary tissue. The results of the present study indicate that cranberry extract possesses strong anticancer effects through its role in modulating glycoprotein components and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Cranberry exerted a stronger anticancer effect at the dosage of 600 mg/kg body weight than at dosage 400 mg/kg body weight
Physico-Chemical Evaluation for Allium hookeri Thw. Enum Leaves
No full textAwareness and general acceptability of the natural products is increasing day by day because of its lesser side effect and cost factor. Above 80% of the world population is depending upon herbal medicines. Use of plants as medicine is the oldest practice that has been used in all countries from ancient time. Based on those old practices medicines of modern days are derived either directly or indirectly from the natural products. Manipur is one of the north eastern states of India and one of the hot spot areas of biodiversity, blessed with the amazing variety of flora and fauna. Allium hookeri belongs to Alliaceae family and is a perennial herb growing in dampy soil in every kitchen garden in Manipur. It is locally known as Maroi Napakpi and used as spice and condiment in almost all Manipuri dishes. Its taste is preferred over onion in Manipur.Fresh leaves and fibrous roots are used as medicine in reducing temperature, in swelling as an antimicrobial and antioxidant and reducing blood cholesterol etc. It is reported that its root has antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action. In Manipur people are taking fresh green leaves for many ailments like reducing temperature, reducing blood cholesterol, etc.. So the present study has been carried out to evaluate pharmacognostic and physicochemical analysis of shade dried leaves of Allium hookeri.. The reported information will provide data which will be useful in proper identification and authentification of this plant for future research work
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Khaya senegalensis bark extracts on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis
No full textThe aqueous and ethanol extracts of the bark of Khaya senegalensis were screened for their phytochemical constituents and preliminary antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant on the tested organisms was determined using multiple tubes method. Alkaloids, anthraquinones, glycosides, tannins and steroids were detected in both extracts. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the plant showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli, with the aqueous extracts having more activity than those of ethanol. However the growth of P. mirabilis was not inhibited by either of the extracts. The MIC value was determined to be 50 mg/ml for B. subtilis and E. coli. The results are suggestive of considerable antibacterial activity of K. senegalensis and may justify its use in the treatment of bacterial diseases by herbalists or traditional healers