International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Formulation and standardization of homoeopathic mother tincture of Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Full text linkAlcoholic preparation of drugs in Homoeopathy, are called as tincture. The mother tincture of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was prepared by 100 g of coarse powder (40 mess) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was macerated with 95 v/v % of alcohol to make 1000 ml of mother tincture for eight days (drug strength 1/10). It was shaken occasionally, and filtered. The mother tincture was standardized by using various physical, chemical and chromatographic parameters
Capparis sepiaria Linn - Pharmacognostical standardization and toxicity profile with chemical compounds identification (GC-MS)
Full text linkThe present study was intended to evaluate the various pharmacognostical procedures in the leaves of Capparis sepiaria Linn., (Capparidaceae). The various pharmacognostical parameters were carried out as per WHO guidelines procedure i.e., bitterness, fineness, microscopical sections, loss on drying, water and alcoholic extractive values, water insoluble ash, acid soluble ash, total ash, swelling index, foaming index, heavy metal analysis, phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies (acute, subacute and chronic toxicity). The study was extended with analyzing the chemical compounds identification in the EECS (ethanolic extract of Capparis sepiaria by using GC-MS. The presence of various phytoconstituents such as glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, starch and terpenoids is evidenced in EECS & AECS. The results showed that acid insoluble ash (1.70%), total ash (8.68%), water soluble ash (3.42%), water extractive (31.55%), alcohol extractive (5.06%), foaming index (105.26 Unit), loss on drying (9.84%), swelling index (4.16%), acute toxicity (nil), sub-acute toxicity (nil), chronic toxicity (nil). The study was concluded with the plant has standardized as per the World Health Organization procedures. The result of the pharmacognostical standardization of this plant serves as a reference piece and helps in future identification and authentication of this plant specimen. Might be the plant C. sepiaria has potential property by the standardization and it can be included in the normal flora of the plant kingdom
Morning glory: A new thirst in-search of de-novo therapeutic approach
Full text linkIpomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulacea) is a valuable medicinal plant, distributed in the tropics and subtropics regions and uses in folk and tribal medicines. Usually known as dopatilata, railroad vine and goat’s-foot morning glory. The plant contains active component likes naphthalenone, (-)- mellein, eugenol, 4-vinyl-guaiacol. lipophilic glycosides, 2-methylpropanoic, (2S)-methylbutyric, n-hexanoic, n-decanoic, and n-dodecanoic acids. The juice from the succulent leaves has been used as a first aid to treat jellyfish stings and also used in ritual baths to alleviate evil spells. The extract of the leaves have the astringent, diuretic and laxative properties. Leaves are used in rheumatism, and as stomachic and tonic. It has wide range of pharmacological activities like antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antinociceptive, antihistaminic, insulogenic and hypoglycemic activities. This review focuses the published scientific evidence on its pharmacological properties, phytochemical composition, uses, along with descriptions of the plant. A number of herbal preparations are widely used in traditional system of medicine for the management of different disorders but, many of them have not been investigated for their described effects. This plant have broad spectrum activities so, further studies on other models and extensive clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings
Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Urtica parviflora roxb. in normoglycemic rats
Full text linkIn the present study aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaves of Urtica parviflora were evaluated for hypoglycemic effect in normal rats using both 18 hr fasted rat model and oral glucose tolerance test. The aqueous extract of leaves showed a good hypoglycemic response in both the models, while ethanolic extract exhibited very week but insignificant effect, only in 18 hr fasted rat model. The aqueous extract was further tested for effect on intestinal glucose absorption. The amount of glucose absorbed in a segment of jejunum in situ was 13±0.75 mg in presence of aqueous extract vs. vs. 9.05±0.68 mg in control rats during 2 h (P<0.05). Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, polysaccharides, tannins, saponins, glycosides and flavonoids. The results indicate that aqueous extract possess significant hypoglycemic activity which may be attributed to, in part by reduction of intestinal glucose absorption by the abovementioned chemical constituents
Phyto-pharmacology of Momordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd: A Review
Full text linkMomordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd (Cucurbitaceae ) is commonly known as a biiter gourd. It is traditionally used as astringent, febrifuge, antiseptic, anthelmintic, spermicidal. Also Used in bleeding piles, urinary infection and as a sedative. Studies indicate that it possesses antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid peroxidative, hypoglycemic and analgesic properties. This review aims to highlight the ethnobotany, pharmacognostic and pharmacological uses of Momordica dioic
Herbal Medicines in management and prevention of COVID-19
Full text linkTraditional herbal medicines are widely accepted in the world. Certain countries and WHO have research investment in traditional herbal medicines. COVID-19 came as a major Health care challenge for human in 2019. 480 deaths have been recorded till 18th of April 2020 in India. No pharmaceutical products have yet been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Major 3 types of targets of COVID-19 were identified by researches, which are as follow – 1) Inhibit coronavirus at structural level, 2) Inhibit coronavirus RNA synthesis and replication and 3) Inhibit virulence factor of Coronavirus. Certain Herbal medicines like Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, and Phyllanthus emblica have potent Anti-COVID properties, which is indicating new sunrise in the direction of Herbal medicine
Tulbaghia violacea Harv. Extracts Affect Key Intermediates of the Cryptococcus neoformans Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway
No full textThis study investigated the mechanism of inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans by Tulbaghia violacea plant extract. C. neoformans cultures were treated with sub-inhibitory concentrations of T. violacea extract and the effect of the exposure on the production of various sterol intermediates was analyzed by high performance reverse phase liquid chromatography. Plant extract treated C. neoformans cultures exhibited reductions in ergosterol production after 48 hrs of exposure in a dose dependent manner. HPLC analysis overall revealed an accumulation in squalene, 2,3-oxidosqualene and lanosterol intermediates after extract treatment. It is therefore concluded that T. violacea extract reduced ergosterol production in C. neoformans by interfering with squalene epoxidase, 2,3-oxidosqualene lanosterol cyclase and lanosterol 14-a demethylase. The inhibitory effect of T. violacea plant extract on ergosterol production in C. neoformans unlocks the potential of this extract as a chemotherapeutic agent
Biocompatibility assessment and antiproliferative activity of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. fruit pulp extracts.
Full text linkThe consumption of tropical fruits rich in chemopreventive compounds are required to prevent cells carcinogenesis and proliferation. This study was designed to assess de biocompatibility of Detarium microcarpum fruit extract on normal fibroblasts and its antiproliferative potentiality on human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Primary dermal fibroblasts and human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. microcarpum fruit pulp for 24h, 48h and 72h. The biocompatibility property of extracts on the normal fibroblasts and its antiproliferative activity on the human osteosarcoma cells were evaluated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The biocompatibility study of D. microcarpum fruit pulp showed that the chloroform extract has exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect on normal fibroblasts followed by the ethyl acetate extract. Hexane extract wasn’t cytotoxic at concentrations of 125 and 250 µg/mL but caused more than 80 % of cell death at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. Methanol extract didn’t show a significant cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed the best antiproliferative activity on osteosarcoma cells. A complete cell death was observed when osteosarcoma cells were treated with ethyl acetate extract at all concentrations while chloroform extract at concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/mL caused a complete cells death. Methanol extract exhibited any antiprolifarative activity. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extract of fruits pulp of D. microcapum are potent source of anticancer phytomolecules and have potential to be a promising anti-osteosarcoma extract
Screening of secondary metabolites and immunostimulation potential of poly herbal formoulation (Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum and Tribulus terristeris) in Wistar Albino rats
No full textImmune system is a defensive mechanism system which is responsible to defend against several foreign invading agents that harm individual health. It generates several types of cells which have ability to recognize, eliminate and kill all the undesirable agents. The immune system works by inhibition, multiplication, amplification, expression and induction response at different phases of immune system. Hence immunology is the most advance and recent biomedical research system which covers the prevention and treatment of wide range of medical disorders. In this study, Immunomodulatory activity of Polyherbal formulation was determined. First of all, plants methanolic extracts of Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Tribulus terrestris were prepared. The methanolic extracts of each plant were taken separately in equal amount and mixed to prepare the Polyherbal formulation (PHF). Screening test was applied on PHF for quantitative analysis. Hemolytic activity, thrombolytic activity and antioxidant activity were determined on experimental animals. To demonstrate the effect of standard Immunol drug, CCl4 and polyherbal formulation extract on hematological parameters. The methanolic extract of PHF was dissolved in distilled water and the dose was selected at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Blood sample collected in EDTA as anticoagulant were processed to determine the effect of PHP on selected hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell counts (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) count and Platelets count. Liver enzymes like transaminases (ALT and AST), uric acid, urea and creatinine were determined by automated photometric method to evaluate the drug safety. Serum samples were using for the estimation of Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, the C-reactive protein (CRP) was also estimated using standard protocol. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of polyherbal formulation showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols and cardiac glycosides. Bioactive constituent’s alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols were present in higher concentration. The maximum hemolysis was seen at a dose of 800μg/ml (40±0.38). The methanolic extracts of PHF were investigated for its thrombolytic activity. Addition of 800μl of streptokinase as positive control (30,000 IU/ ml) to clots and successive incubation for 90 minutes at 37 ºC showed 74.53±1.11% lysis of clot. Distilled water was considered as negative control which exhibit insignificant percentage of lysis of clot (3.74±0.51). In the study, the methanolic extract of PHF showed highest thrombolytic activity at 800μg/ml concentrations (41±0.38) when compared with streptokinase (positive control). When all the groups were compared the serum level ALT, AST, TAS, TOS and OSI 50 index, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. A variety of antioxidant function approaches have been suggested. During the study, it was found that induction of CCl4 increases the number of altered macrophages. However, the administration of Polyherbal extract in CCl4 intoxicated animals, the number of altered macrophages came to level. Administration of polyherbal formulation extract in control mice also showed significant reduction of changed macrophages. Immunomodulatory drugs are substances that can alter the immune function of an individual, are called immunostimulants if their immune responses are enhanced, or are called immunosuppressant’s if they decrease. These medications are most widely used in infections, allergies and cancer infections. Modern medical treatment is also far-reaching because of the economic limitations in developed countries including Pakistan. For immunomodular operations, just a few plants have been tested. The analysis indicates that many medicinal plants and marine products have immunomodulatory function, however there is little proof that their use in clinical practice is not allowed. In future work in herbal medicine, therefore, immunomodulatory agents should become more relevant
Formulation, Characterisation and Preclinical evaluation of Antidiabetic activity of Polyherbal tablet
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a complex and a diverse group of disorders that disturbs the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein. The number of diabetes mellitus cases has been increasing worldwide in recent years. In 2000, the WHO estimated a total of 171 million people with diabetes mellitus from the global population, and this report projected to increase to 366 million by 2030. Now a days polyherbal formulations made by a different herbal pharmaceutical company is very much popular and acceptable for chronic use in case of diabetes, hypertension, bronchial asthma, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. As the incidence of diabetes is increasing day by day globally, and the rate of occurrence of disease in India is tho high, the popularity of polyherbal formulation is increasing day by day. many physicians from a different system of medicine refer to advice polyherbal formulations for long time use in patient of diabetes, as the manufacturer of herbal formulator claim the formulation is having a negligible side effect. Present Study was delt with Evaluation of antihyperglycemic Potential of prepared polyherbal Formulation PHF i.e. with 1mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, the FBS level was reduced from 187.16 ± 3.25 to 133.16 ± 2.93 and 181.5 ± 4.42 to 136.33 ± 2.58, respectively. In the combination regimen of PHF (1.5mg/kg) and Metformin (50mg/kg) the mean FBS level dropped from 180.3 ± 1.75 to 131.16 ± 2.14. In all these groups the mean FBS level has reached the normal pre-induction level. The daily single administration of PHFformulation(1.5mg/kg) and Metformin (50 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood sugar levels of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. It also important to study antihyperglycemic effect of the said Polyhedral Formulation in Different animal Model to conclude exact pattern of Anti hyperglycaemic activity